<p>The idea behind code coverage is to record which parts of your code (functions, statements, conditionals and so on) have been executed by your test suite, to compute metrics out of these data and usually to provide tools for navigating and inspecting them.</p>
<p>Not a lot of frontend developers I know actually test their frontend code, and I can barely imagine how many of them have ever setup code coverage… Mostly because there are not many frontend-oriented tools in this area I guess.</p>
<p>Actually I've only found one which provides an adapter for <ahref="http://visionmedia.github.io/mocha/">Mocha</a> and actually works…</p>
<p>For more than a decade the Web has used XMLHttpRequest (XHR) to achieve asynchronous requests in JavaScript. While very useful, XHR is not a very nice API. It suffers from lack of separation of concerns. The input, output and state are all managed by interacting with one object, and state is tracked using events. Also, the event-based model doesn’t play well with JavaScript’s recent focus on Promise- and generator-based asynchronous programming.</p>
<p>The <ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API">Fetch API</a> intends to fix most of these problems. It does this by introducing the same primitives to JS that are used in the HTTP protocol. In addition, it introduces a utility function <code>fetch()</code> that succinctly captures the intention of retrieving a resource from the network.</p>
<p>The <ahref="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org">Fetch specification</a>, which defines the API, nails down the semantics of a user agent fetching a resource. This, combined with ServiceWorkers, is an attempt to:</p>
@ -13,11 +13,11 @@
<p>Fetch API support can be detected by checking for <code>Headers</code>,<code>Request</code>, <code>Response</code> or <code>fetch</code> on the <code>window</code> or <code>worker</code> scope.</p>
<h2>Simple fetching</h2>
<p>The most useful, high-level part of the Fetch API is the <code>fetch()</code> function. In its simplest form it takes a URL and returns a promise that resolves to the response. The response is captured as a <code>Response</code> object.</p>
<p>The details of how each guard affects the behaviors of the Headers object are
<br/>in the <ahref="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org">specification</a>. For example, you may not append or set a “request” guarded Headers’ “Content-Length” header. Similarly, inserting “Set-Cookie” into a Response header is not allowed so that ServiceWorkers may not set cookies via synthesized Responses.</p>
<p>All of the Headers methods throw TypeError if <code>name</code> is not a <ahref="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-header-name">valid HTTP Header name</a>. The mutation operations will throw TypeError if there is an immutable guard. Otherwise they fail silently. For example:</p>
<divclass="wp_syntax">
<div>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<tdclass="code"><preclass="javascript"><span>var</span> res <span>=</span> Response.<span>error</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span>;</span>
<td><pre><span>var</span> res <span>=</span> Response.<span>error</span><span>(</span><span>)</span><span>;</span>
<p>The Request interface defines a request to fetch a resource over HTTP. URL, method and headers are expected, but the Request also allows specifying a body, a request mode, credentials and cache hints.</p>
<p>The simplest Request is of course, just a URL, as you may do to GET a resource.</p>
<p>The Request’s mode is used to determine if cross-origin requests lead to valid responses, and which properties on the response are readable. Legal mode values are <code>"same-origin"</code>, <code>"no-cors"</code> (default) and <code>"cors"</code>.</p>
<p>The <code>"same-origin"</code> mode is simple, if a request is made to another origin with this mode set, the result is simply an error. You could use this to ensure that
<br/>a request is always being made to your origin.</p>
<p>The <code>"no-cors"</code> mode captures what the web platform does by default for scripts you import from CDNs, images hosted on other domains, and so on. First, it prevents the method from being anything other than “HEAD”, “GET” or “POST”. Second, if any ServiceWorkers intercept these requests, they may not add or override any headers except for <ahref="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#simple-header">these</a>. Third, JavaScript may not access any properties of the resulting Response. This ensures that ServiceWorkers do not affect the semantics of the Web and prevents security and privacy issues that could arise from leaking data across domains.</p>
<p><code>"cors"</code> mode is what you’ll usually use to make known cross-origin requests to access various APIs offered by other vendors. These are expected to adhere to
<br/>the <ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS">CORS protocol</a>. Only a <ahref="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-filtered-response-cors">limited set</a> of headers is exposed in the Response, but the body is readable. For example, you could get a list of Flickr’s <ahref="https://www.flickr.com/services/api/flickr.interestingness.getList.html">most interesting</a> photos today like this:</p>
<divclass="wp_syntax">
<div>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<tdclass="code"><preclass="javascript"><span>var</span> u <span>=</span><span>new</span> URLSearchParams<span>(</span><span>)</span><span>;</span>
<td><pre><span>var</span> u <span>=</span><span>new</span> URLSearchParams<span>(</span><span>)</span><span>;</span>
<p>This is a significant improvement over XHR in terms of ease of use of non-text data!</p>
<p>Request bodies can be set by passing <code>body</code> parameters:</p>
<divclass="wp_syntax">
<div>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<tdclass="code"><preclass="javascript"><span>var</span> form <span>=</span><span>new</span> FormData<span>(</span>document.<span>getElementById</span><span>(</span><span>'login-form'</span><span>)</span><span>)</span><span>;</span>
<td><pre><span>var</span> form <span>=</span><span>new</span> FormData<span>(</span>document.<span>getElementById</span><span>(</span><span>'login-form'</span><span>)</span><span>)</span><span>;</span>
<p>Responses take the first argument as the body.</p>
<divclass="wp_syntax">
<div>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<tdclass="code"><preclass="javascript"><span>var</span> res <span>=</span><span>new</span> Response<span>(</span><span>new</span> File<span>(</span><span>[</span><span>"chunk"</span><span>,</span><span>"chunk"</span><span>]</span><span>,</span><span>"archive.zip"</span><span>,</span>
<td><pre><span>var</span> res <span>=</span><span>new</span> Response<span>(</span><span>new</span> File<span>(</span><span>[</span><span>"chunk"</span><span>,</span><span>"chunk"</span><span>]</span><span>,</span><span>"archive.zip"</span><span>,</span>
<p>Both Request and Response (and by extension the <code>fetch()</code> function), will try to intelligently <ahref="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-bodyinit-extract">determine the content type</a>. Request will also automatically set a “Content-Type” header if none is set in the dictionary.</p>
<h3>Streams and cloning</h3>
<p>It is important to realise that Request and Response bodies can only be read once! Both interfaces have a boolean attribute <code>bodyUsed</code> to determine if it is safe to read or not.</p>
<divclass="wp_syntax">
<div>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<tdclass="code"><preclass="javascript"><span>var</span> res <span>=</span><span>new</span> Response<span>(</span><span>"one time use"</span><span>)</span><span>;</span>
<td><pre><span>var</span> res <span>=</span><span>new</span> Response<span>(</span><span>"one time use"</span><span>)</span><span>;</span>
<p>This decision allows easing the transition to an eventual <ahref="https://streams.spec.whatwg.org/">stream-based</a> Fetch API. The intention is to let applications consume data as it arrives, allowing for JavaScript to deal with larger files like videos, and perform things like compression and editing on the fly.</p>
<p>Often, you’ll want access to the body multiple times. For example, you can use the upcoming <ahref="http://slightlyoff.github.io/ServiceWorker/spec/service_worker/index.html#cache-objects">Cache API</a> to store Requests and Responses for offline use, and Cache requires bodies to be available for reading.</p>
<p>So how do you read out the body multiple times within such constraints? The API provides a <code>clone()</code> method on the two interfaces. This will return a clone of the object, with a ‘new’ body. <code>clone()</code> MUST be called before the body of the corresponding object has been used. That is, <code>clone()</code> first, read later.</p>
<figureclass="intro-image image center full-width"><imgsrc="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/server-crash-640x426.jpg"width="640"height="331"/>
<p>A flaw in the wildly popular online game <em>Minecraft</em> makes it easy for just about anyone to crash the server hosting the game, according to a computer programmer who has released proof-of-concept code that exploits the vulnerability.</p>
@ -9,32 +9,32 @@
<blockquote>
<p>The vulnerability stems from the fact that the client is allowed to send the server information about certain slots. This, coupled with the NBT format’s nesting allows us to <em>craft</em> a packet that is incredibly complex for the server to deserialize but trivial for us to generate.</p>
<p>In my case, I chose to create lists within lists, down to five levels. This is a json representation of what it looks like.</p>
<p>The root of the object, <code>rekt</code>, contains 300 lists. Each list has a list with 10 sublists, and each of those sublists has 10 of their own, up until 5 levels of recursion. That’s a total of <code>10^5 * 300 = 30,000,000</code> lists.</p>
<p>And this isn’t even the theoretical maximum for this attack. Just the nbt data for this payload is 26.6 megabytes. But luckily Minecraft implements a way to compress large packets, lucky us! zlib shrinks down our evil data to a mere 39 kilobytes.</p>
<p>Note: in previous versions of Minecraft, there was no protocol wide compression for big packets. Previously, NBT was sent compressed with gzip and prefixed with a signed short of its length, which reduced our maximum payload size to <code>2^15 - 1</code>. Now that the length is a varint capable of storing integers up to <code>2^28</code>, our potential for attack has increased significantly.</p>
<pclass="story-body__introduction">President Barack Obama has admitted that his failure to pass "common sense gun safety laws" in the US is the greatest frustration of his presidency. </p>
<div property="articleBody">
<p>President Barack Obama has admitted that his failure to pass "common sense gun safety laws" in the US is the greatest frustration of his presidency. </p>
<p>In an interview with the BBC, Mr Obama said it was "distressing" not to have made progress on the issue "even in the face of repeated mass killings".</p>
<p>He vowed to keep trying, but the BBC's North America editor Jon Sopel said the president did not sound very confident. </p>
<p>However, Mr Obama said race relations had improved during his presidency. </p>
<p>Hours after the interview, a gunman opened fire at a cinema in the US state of Louisiana, killing two people and injuring several others before shooting himself.</p>
<p>In a wide-ranging interview, President Obama also said:</p>
<ulclass="story-body__unordered-list">
<liclass="story-body__list-item"><ahref="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33647154" class="story-body__link">The UK must stay in the EU</a> to have influence on the world stage</li>
<liclass="story-body__list-item">He is confident the Iran nuclear deal will be passed by Congress </li>
<liclass="story-body__list-item">Syria needs a political solution in order to defeat the Islamic State group</li>
<liclass="story-body__list-item">He would speak "bluntly" against corruption <ahref="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-33646563" class="story-body__link">and human rights violations in Kenya</a></li>
<liclass="story-body__list-item">He would defend his advocacy of gay rights following protests in Kenya</li>
<liclass="story-body__list-item">Despite racial tensions, the US is becoming more diverse and more tolerant</li>
<ul>
<li><ahref="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-33647154">The UK must stay in the EU</a> to have influence on the world stage</li>
<li>He is confident the Iran nuclear deal will be passed by Congress </li>
<li>Syria needs a political solution in order to defeat the Islamic State group</li>
<li>He would speak "bluntly" against corruption <ahref="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-33646563">and human rights violations in Kenya</a></li>
<li>He would defend his advocacy of gay rights following protests in Kenya</li>
<li>Despite racial tensions, the US is becoming more diverse and more tolerant</li>
</ul>
<p><ahref="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-33646542"class="story-body__link">Read the full transcript of his interview</a></p>
<p><ahref="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-33646542">Read the full transcript of his interview</a></p>
<p>Mr Obama lands in Kenya later on Friday for his first visit since becoming president. </p>
<p>But with just 18 months left in power, he said gun control was the area where he has been "most frustrated and most stymied" since coming to power in 2009.</p>
<p>"If you look at the number of Americans killed since 9/11 by terrorism, it's less than 100. If you look at the number that have been killed by gun violence, it's in the tens of thousands," Mr Obama said. </p>
<figureclass="media-landscape full-width has-caption"><imgsrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/555/cpsprodpb/462D/production/_84456971_gettyimages-167501087.jpg"datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/462D/production/_84456971_gettyimages-167501087.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Gun control campaigners protest in McPhearson Square in Washington DC - 25 April 2013"height="549"width="976"/>
<figure><imgsrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/555/cpsprodpb/462D/production/_84456971_gettyimages-167501087.jpg"datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/462D/production/_84456971_gettyimages-167501087.jpg" alt="Gun control campaigners protest in McPhearson Square in Washington DC - 25 April 2013"height="549"width="976"/>
<figcaption><span>
The president said he would continue fighting for greater gun control laws
</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<p>"For us not to be able to resolve that issue has been something that is distressing," he added. </p>
<p>Mr Obama has pushed for stricter gun control throughout his presidency but has been unable to secure any significant changes to the laws. </p>
<p>After nine African-American churchgoers were killed in South Carolina in June, he admitted "politics in this town" meant there were few options available.</p>
<h2class="story-body__crosshead">Analysis: Jon Sopel, BBC News, Washington</h2>
<figureclass="media-landscape full-width no-caption"><imgsrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/555/cpsprodpb/6D3D/production/_84456972_p072315al-0500.jpg"datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/6D3D/production/_84456972_p072315al-0500.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="President Barack Obama participates in an interview with Jon Sopel of BBC in the Roosevelt Room of the White House - 23 July 2015"height="549"width="976"/></figure>
<h2>Analysis: Jon Sopel, BBC News, Washington</h2>
<figure><imgsrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/555/cpsprodpb/6D3D/production/_84456972_p072315al-0500.jpg"datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/6D3D/production/_84456972_p072315al-0500.jpg" alt="President Barack Obama participates in an interview with Jon Sopel of BBC in the Roosevelt Room of the White House - 23 July 2015"height="549"width="976"/></figure>
<p>Nine months ago, the president seemed like a spent force, after taking a beating in the midterm elections, during which members of his own party were reluctant to campaign on his record. </p>
<p>But the man sat before me today was relaxed and confident, buoyed by a string of "wins" on healthcare, Cuba and Iran, after bitter and ongoing battles with his many critics. </p>
<p>The only body swerve the president performed was when I asked him <ahref="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-33643168"class="story-body__link"> how many minds he had changed on the Iran nuclear deal </a>after an intense sell aimed at Gulf allies and members of US Congress who remain implacably opposed. </p>
<p>The only body swerve the president performed was when I asked him <ahref="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-33643168"> how many minds he had changed on the Iran nuclear deal </a>after an intense sell aimed at Gulf allies and members of US Congress who remain implacably opposed. </p>
<p>There was a momentary flicker across the president's face as if to say "You think you got me?" before his smile returned and he proceeded to talk about how Congress would come round.</p>
<p>But notably, he did not give a direct answer to that question, which leaves me with the impression that he has persuaded precisely zero.</p>
<p><ahref="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-33646875"class="story-body__link">Five things we learned from Obama interview</a></p>
<p><ahref="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-33646545"class="story-body__link">The presidential body swerve</a></p>
<p>On race relations, Mr Obama said recent concerns around policing and mass incarcerations were "legitimate and deserve intense attention" but insisted progress had been made. </p>
<p>Children growing up during the eight years of his presidency "will have a different view of race relations in this country and what's possible," he said. </p>
<p>"There are going to be tensions that arise. But if you look at my daughters' generation, they have an attitude about race that's entirely different than even my generation."</p>
<p>Talking about how he was feeling after his recent successes, he said "every president, every leader has strengths and weaknesses". </p>
<p>"One of my strengths is I have a pretty even temperament. I don't get too high when it's high and I don't get too low when it's low," he said. </p>
<figureclass="media-landscape full-width has-caption"><imgsrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/555/cpsprodpb/142FD/production/_84458628_shirtreuters.jpg"datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/142FD/production/_84458628_shirtreuters.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Customer looks at Obama shirts at a stall in Nairobi's Kibera slums, 23 July 2015"height="549"width="976"/>
<figure><imgsrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/555/cpsprodpb/142FD/production/_84458628_shirtreuters.jpg"datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/976/cpsprodpb/142FD/production/_84458628_shirtreuters.jpg" alt="Customer looks at Obama shirts at a stall in Nairobi's Kibera slums, 23 July 2015"height="549"width="976"/>
<figcaption><span>
Kenya is getting ready to welcome the US president
</span></figcaption>
</figure>
<h2class="story-body__crosshead">Kenya trip</h2>
<h2>Kenya trip</h2>
<p>Mr Obama was speaking to the BBC at the White House before departing for Kenya.</p>
<p>His father was Kenyan and the president is expected to meet relatives in Nairobi.</p>
<p>Mr Obama has faced criticism in the country after the US legalised gay marriage. However, in his interview, the president said he would not fall silent on the issue.</p>
<pstyle="display: inline;"class="readability-styled"> I've written a couple of posts in the past few months but they were all for </p><ahref="http://blog.ioactive.com/search/label/Andrew%20Zonenberg">the blog at work</a>
<pstyle="display: inline;"class="readability-styled"> so I figured I'm long overdue for one on Silicon Exposed.</p>
<p>
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
<p> It's actually an interesting architecture - FPGAs (including some devices marketed as CPLDs) are a 2D array of LUTs connected via wires to adjacent cells, and true (product term) CPLDs are a star topology of AND-OR arrays connected by a crossbar. GreenPak, on the other hand, is a star topology of LUTs, flipflops, and analog/digital hard IP connected to a crossbar.</p>
<p> Without further ado, here's a block diagram showing all the cool stuff you get in the SLG46620V:</p>
</table> They're also tiny (the SLG46620V is a 20-pin 0.4mm pitch STQFN measuring 2x3 mm, and the lower gate count SLG46140V is a mere 1.6x2 mm) and probably the cheapest programmable logic device on the market - $0.50 in low volume and less than $0.40 in larger quantities.</p>
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<p> The best part is that the development software (GreenPak Designer) is free of charge and provided for all major operating systems including Linux! Unfortunately, the only supported design entry method is schematic entry and there's no way to write your design in a HDL.</p>
<p> While schematics may be fine for quick tinkering on really simple designs, they quickly get unwieldy. The nightmare of a circuit shown below is just a bunch of counters hooked up to LEDs that blink at various rates.</p>
<p>
<tableclass="tr-caption-container">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<tdclass="tr-caption">Schematic from hell!</td>
<td>Schematic from hell!</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> As if this wasn't enough of a problem, the largest GreenPak4 device (the SLG46620V) is split into two halves with limited routing between them, and the GUI doesn't help the user manage this complexity at all - you have to draw your schematic in two halves and add "cross connections" between them.</p>
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<p> Once the design has been synthesized, my tool (named, surprisingly, gp4par) is then launched on the netlist. It begins by parsing the JSON and constructing a directed graph of cell objects in memory. A second graph, containing all of the primitives in the device and the legal connections between them, is then created based on the device specified on the command line. (As of now only the SLG46620V is supported; the SLG46621V can be added fairly easily but the SLG46140V has a slightly different microarchitecture which will require a bit more work to support.)</p>
<p> After the graphs are generated, each node in the netlist graph is assigned a numeric label identifying the type of cell and each node in the device graph is assigned a list of legal labels: for example, an I/O buffer site is legal for an input buffer, output buffer, or bidirectional buffer.</p>
<p>
<tableclass="tr-caption-container">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<tdclass="tr-caption">Example labeling for a subset of the netlist and device graphs</td>
<td>Example labeling for a subset of the netlist and device graphs</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table> The labeled nodes now need to be placed. The initial placement uses a simple greedy algorithm to create a valid (although not necessarily optimal or even routable) placement:</p><br/>
<divclass="featured-container"><imgitemprop="image"src="http://media.breitbart.com/media/2016/11/GettyImages-621866810-640x480.jpg" class="attachment-isc-bbn-full size-isc-bbn-full wp-post-image" alt="Supporters of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump cheer during election night at the New York Hilton Midtown in New York on November 9, 2016. / AFP / JIM WATSON (Photo credit should read JIM WATSON/AFP/Getty Images)"width="640"height="480"/>
<div><imgitemprop="image"src="http://media.breitbart.com/media/2016/11/GettyImages-621866810-640x480.jpg" alt="Supporters of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump cheer during election night at the New York Hilton Midtown in New York on November 9, 2016. / AFP / JIM WATSON (Photo credit should read JIM WATSON/AFP/Getty Images)"width="640"height="480"/>
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<h2><span>Snopes fact checker and staff writer David Emery posted to Twitter asking if there were “any un-angry Trump supporters?”</span></h2>
<p><span>Emery, a writer for partisan “fact-checking” website Snopes.com which soon will be in charge of labelling </span><ahref="http://www.breitbart.com/tech/2016/12/15/facebook-introduce-warning-labels-stories-deemed-fake-news/"><span>“fake news”</span></a><span> alongside ABC News and Politifact, retweeted an article by Vulture magazine relating to the </span><ahref="http://www.breitbart.com/big-hollywood/2016/11/19/boycotthamilton-trends-hamilton-cast-members-harass-mike-pence/"><span>protests</span></a><span> of the <em>Hamilton</em> musical following the decision by the cast of the show to make a </span><ahref="http://www.breitbart.com/big-hollywood/2016/11/19/tolerance-hamilton-cast-lectures-mike-pence-broadway-stage/"><span>public announcement</span></a><span> to Vice-president elect Mike Pence while he watched the performance with his family.</span></p>
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<p><span>The tweet from Vulture magazine reads, “</span><ahref="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Hamilton?src=hash"target="_blank"rel="noopener"class=" x5l"><span>#Hamilton</span></a><span> Chicago show interrupted by angry Trump supporter.” Emery retweeted the story, saying, “Are there un-angry Trump supporters?”</span></p>
<p><span>The tweet from Vulture magazine reads, “</span><ahref="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Hamilton?src=hash"target="_blank"rel="noopener"><span>#Hamilton</span></a><span> Chicago show interrupted by angry Trump supporter.” Emery retweeted the story, saying, “Are there un-angry Trump supporters?”</span></p>
<p><span>This isn’t the first time the Snopes.com writer has expressed anti-Trump sentiment on his Twitter page. In another tweet in which Emery links to an article that falsely attributes a quote to President-elect Trump, Emery states, “Incredibly, some people actually think they have to put words in Trump’s mouth to make him look bad.”</span></p>
<p><span>Emery also retweeted an article by <em>New York</em> magazine that claimed President-elect Trump relied on lies to win during his campaign and that we now lived in a “post-truth” society. “Before long we’ll all have forgotten what it was like to live in the same universe; or maybe we already have,” Emery tweeted.</span></p>
<p><span>Facebook believe that Emery, along with other Snopes writers, ABC News, and </span><ahref="http://www.breitbart.com/tech/2016/12/16/flashback-weekly-standard-data-shows-politifact-has-it-out-for-republicans/"><span>Politifact</span></a><span> are impartial enough to label and silence what they believe to be “fake news” on social media. </span></p>
<p><i><span>Lucas Nolan is a reporter for Breitbart Tech covering issues of free speech and online censorship. Follow him on Twitter </span></i><ahref="http://twitter.com/lucasnolan_"target="_blank"rel="noopener"class=" x5l"><i><span>@LucasNolan_</span></i></a><i><span> or email him at </span></i><ahref="http://www.breitbart.com/wp-admin/blank"><i><span>lnolan@breitbart.com</span></i></a></p>
<p><i><span>Lucas Nolan is a reporter for Breitbart Tech covering issues of free speech and online censorship. Follow him on Twitter </span></i><ahref="http://twitter.com/lucasnolan_"target="_blank"rel="noopener"><i><span>@LucasNolan_</span></i></a><i><span> or email him at </span></i><ahref="http://www.breitbart.com/wp-admin/blank"><i><span>lnolan@breitbart.com</span></i></a></p>
<p>Most people go to hotels for the pleasure of sleeping in a giant bed with clean white sheets and waking up to fresh towels in the morning.</p>
<p>But those towels and sheets might not be as clean as they look, according to the hotel bosses that responded to an online thread about the things hotel owners don’t want you to know.</p>
<p>Zeev Sharon and Michael Forrest Jones both run hotel start-ups in the US. Forrest Jones runs the start-up Beechmont Hotels Corporation, a hotel operating company that consults with hotel owners on how they can improve their business. Sharon is the CEO of Hotelied, a start-up that allows people to sign up for discounts at luxury hotels.</p>
<p>But even luxury hotels aren’t always cleaned as often as they should be.</p>
<p>Here are some of the secrets that the receptionist will never tell you when you check in, according to answers posted on <ahref="https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-things-we-dont-know-about-hotel-rooms"target="_blank">Quora</a>.</p>
<pclass="dnd-caption-wrapper"> Even posh hotels might not wash a blanket in between stays </p>
<p> Even posh hotels might not wash a blanket in between stays </p>
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<p>1. Take any blankets or duvets off the bed</p>
<p>Forrest Jones said that anything that comes into contact with any of the previous guest’s skin should be taken out and washed every time the room is made, but that even the fanciest hotels don’t always do so. "Hotels are getting away from comforters. Blankets are here to stay, however. But some hotels are still hesitant about washing them every day if they think they can get out of it," he said.</p>
<pclass="dnd-caption-wrapper"> Forrest Jones advised stuffing the peep hole with a strip of rolled up notepaper when not in use. </p>
<p> Forrest Jones advised stuffing the peep hole with a strip of rolled up notepaper when not in use. </p>
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<p>2. Check the peep hole has not been tampered with</p>
<p>This is not common, but can happen, Forrest Jones said. He advised stuffing the peep hole with a strip of rolled up notepaper when not in use. When someone knocks on the door, the paper can be removed to check who is there. If no one is visible, he recommends calling the front desk immediately. “I look forward to the day when I can tell you to choose only hotels where every employee who has access to guestroom keys is subjected to a complete public records background check, prior to hire, and every year or two thereafter. But for now, I can't,” he said.</p>
<pclass="dnd-caption-wrapper"> Put luggage on the floor </p>
<p> Put luggage on the floor </p>
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<p>3. Don’t use a wooden luggage rack</p>
<p>Bedbugs love wood. Even though a wooden luggage rack might look nicer and more expensive than a metal one, it’s a breeding ground for bugs. Forrest Jones says guests should put the items they plan to take from bags on other pieces of furniture and leave the bag on the floor.</p>
<pclass="dnd-caption-wrapper"> The old rule of thumb is that for every 00 invested in a room, the hotel should charge in average daily rate </p>
<p> The old rule of thumb is that for every 00 invested in a room, the hotel should charge in average daily rate </p>
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<p>4. Hotel rooms are priced according to how expensive they were to build</p>
<p>Zeev Sharon said that the old rule of thumb is that for every $1000 invested in a room, the hotel should charge $1 in average daily rate. So a room that cost $300,000 to build, should sell on average for $300/night.</p>
<h3>5. Beware the wall-mounted hairdryer</h3>
<p>It contains the most germs of anything in the room. Other studies have said the TV remote and bedside lamp switches are the most unhygienic. “Perhaps because it's something that's easy for the housekeepers to forget to check or to squirt down with disinfectant,” Forrest Jones said.</p>
<h2class="gallery-title"><spanclass="media-prefix icon-gallery"></span>Business news in pictures</h2>
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<h3>6. Mini bars almost always lose money</h3>
<p>Despite the snacks in the minibar seeming like the most overpriced food you have ever seen, hotel owners are still struggling to make a profit from those snacks. "Minibars almost always lose money, even when they charge $10 for a Diet Coke,” Sharon said.</p>
<pclass="dnd-caption-wrapper"> Towels should always be cleaned between stays </p>
<p> Towels should always be cleaned between stays </p>
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<p>7. Always made sure the hand towels are clean when you arrive</p>
<p>Forrest Jones made a discovery when he was helping out with the housekeepers. “You know where you almost always find a hand towel in any recently-vacated hotel room that was occupied by a guy? On the floor, next to the bed, about halfway down, maybe a little toward the foot of the bed. Same spot in the floor, next to almost every bed occupied by a man, in every room. I'll leave the rest to your imagination,” he said.</p>
<h2>The mother of a woman who took suspected diet pills bought online has described how her daughter was “literally burning up from within” moments before her death.</h2>
<pclass="sub_buzz_desc">Eloise Parry, 21, was taken to Royal Shrewsbury hospital on 12 April after taking a lethal dose of highly toxic “slimming tablets”. </p>
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<p>Eloise Parry, 21, was taken to Royal Shrewsbury hospital on 12 April after taking a lethal dose of highly toxic “slimming tablets”. </p>
<p>“The drug was in her system, there was no anti-dote, two tablets was a lethal dose – and she had taken eight,” her mother, Fiona, <ahref="https://www.westmercia.police.uk/article/9501/A-tribute-to-Eloise-Aimee-Parry-written-by-her-mother-Fiona-Parry">said in a statement</a> yesterday.</p>
<p>“As Eloise deteriorated, the staff in A&E did all they could to stabilise her. As the drug kicked in and started to make her metabolism soar, they attempted to cool her down, but they were fighting an uphill battle.</p>
<p>“She was literally burning up from within.”</p>
<p>She added: “They never stood a chance of saving her. She burned and crashed.”</p>
<pclass="sub_buzz_desc">West Mercia police <ahref="https://www.westmercia.police.uk/article/9500/Warning-Issued-As-Shrewsbury-Woman-Dies-After-Taking-Suspected-Diet-Pills">said the tablets were believed to contain dinitrophenol</a>, known as DNP, which is a highly toxic industrial chemical. </p>
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<p>West Mercia police <ahref="https://www.westmercia.police.uk/article/9500/Warning-Issued-As-Shrewsbury-Woman-Dies-After-Taking-Suspected-Diet-Pills">said the tablets were believed to contain dinitrophenol</a>, known as DNP, which is a highly toxic industrial chemical. </p>
<p>“We are undoubtedly concerned over the origin and sale of these pills and are working with partner agencies to establish where they were bought from and how they were advertised,” said chief inspector Jennifer Mattinson from the West Mercia police.</p>
<p>The Food Standards Agency warned people to stay away from slimming products that contained DNP.</p>
<p>“We advise the public not to take any tablets or powders containing DNP, as it is an industrial chemical and not fit for human consumption,” it said in a statement.</p>
<h2>Fiona Parry issued a plea for people to stay away from pills containing the chemical.</h2>
<pclass="sub_buzz_desc">“[Eloise] just never really understood how dangerous the tablets that she took were,” she said. “Most of us don’t believe that a slimming tablet could possibly kill us.</p>
<p>“[Eloise] just never really understood how dangerous the tablets that she took were,” she said. “Most of us don’t believe that a slimming tablet could possibly kill us.</p>
<p>“DNP is not a miracle slimming pill. It is a deadly toxin.”</p>
<figcaption><spanclass="caption"><p>Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, the man with the acquisition plan.</p></span><spanclass="credit">Photo by James Martin/CNET
<figcaption><spanclass="caption"><p>Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, the man with the acquisition plan.</p></span><span>Photo by James Martin/CNET
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<p>Anyone who has ever been involved in closing a billion-dollar acquisition deal will tell you that you don't go in without a clear, well thought out plan.</p>
<h2>The U.S. has long been heralded as a land of opportunity -- a place where anyone can succeed regardless of the economic class they were born into.</h2>
<p> But a new report released on Monday by <ahref="http://web.stanford.edu/group/scspi-dev/cgi-bin/"target="_blank">Stanford University's Center on Poverty and Inequality</a> calls that into question. </p>
<p> The report assessed poverty levels, income and wealth inequality, economic mobility and unemployment levels among 10 wealthy countries with social welfare programs. </p>
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<p> Among its key findings: the class you're born into matters much more in the U.S. than many of the other countries. </p>
<p> As the <ahref="http://web.stanford.edu/group/scspi-dev/cgi-bin/publications/state-union-report"target="_blank">report states</a>: "[T]he birth lottery matters more in the U.S. than in most well-off countries." </p>
<p> But this wasn't the only finding that suggests the U.S. isn't quite living up to its reputation as a country where everyone has an equal chance to get ahead through sheer will and hard work. </p>
<p><ahref="http://money.cnn.com/2016/01/11/news/economy/rich-taxes/index.html?iid=EL"><spanclass="inStoryHeading">Related: Rich are paying more in taxes but not as much as they used to</span></a></p>
<p><ahref="http://money.cnn.com/2016/01/11/news/economy/rich-taxes/index.html?iid=EL"><span>Related: Rich are paying more in taxes but not as much as they used to</span></a></p>
<p> The report also suggested the U.S. might not be the "jobs machine" it thinks it is, when compared to other countries. </p>
<p> It ranked near the bottom of the pack based on the levels of unemployment among men and women of prime working age. The study determined this by taking the ratio of employed men and women between the ages of 25 and 54 compared to the total population of each country. </p>
<p> The overall rankings of the countries were as follows:<span><br/>1. Finland <span><br/>2. Norway<span><br/>3. Australia <span><br/>4. Canada<span><br/>5. Germany<span><br/>6. France<span><br/>7. United Kingdom <span><br/>8. Italy<span><br/>9. Spain<span><br/>10. United States </span></span>
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<p> The low ranking the U.S. received was due to its extreme levels of wealth and income inequality and the ineffectiveness of its "safety net" -- social programs aimed at reducing poverty. </p>
<p><ahref="http://money.cnn.com/2016/01/05/news/economy/chicago-segregated/index.html?iid=EL"><spanclass="inStoryHeading">Related: Chicago is America's most segregated city</span></a></p>
<p><ahref="http://money.cnn.com/2016/01/05/news/economy/chicago-segregated/index.html?iid=EL"><span>Related: Chicago is America's most segregated city</span></a></p>
<p> The report concluded that the American safety net was ineffective because it provides only half the financial help people need. Additionally, the levels of assistance in the U.S. are generally lower than in other countries. </p>
<pclass="storytimestamp"><spanclass="cnnStorySource"> CNNMoney (New York) </span><spanclass="cnnDateStamp">First published February 1, 2016: 1:28 AM ET</span></p>
<p><span> CNNMoney (New York) </span><span>First published February 1, 2016: 1:28 AM ET</span></p>
<p>Daring Fireball is written and produced by John Gruber.</p>
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<ahref="http://fakehost/graphics/author/addison-bw.jpg"><imgsrc="http://fakehost/graphics/author/addison-bw-425.jpg"alt="Photograph of the author."/></a>
<p>Glass cloche terrariums are not only appealing to the eye, but they also preserve a bit of nature in your home and serve as a simple, yet beautiful, piece of art. Closed terrariums are easy to care for, as they retain much of their own moisture and provide a warm environment with a consistent level of humidity. You won’t have to water the terrariums unless you see that the walls are not misting up. Small growing plants that don’t require a lot of light work best such as succulents, ferns, moss, even orchids.</p>
<divclass="content"><spanclass="headline2 head mg-1 block">What You'll Need:</span>
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<li>Floral foam oasis</li>
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<p>Measure the circumference of your cloche and cut the foam oasis about 3/4 inch (2 cm) smaller. Place the foam oasis into a container full of water and allow to soak until it sinks to the bottom. Dig out a hole on the oasis large enough to fit your plant, being careful not to pierce all the way through to the bottom.</p>
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<figureclass="stepThumb"><imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/default/cme/photography.prod.demandstudios.com/fc249ef6-4d27-41b4-8c21-15f7a8512b50.jpg"alt="Dig a hole in the oasis." class="photo" data-credit="Lucy Akins"/></figure>
<figcaptionclass="small caption"> Dig a hole in the oasis. (Lucy Akins) </figcaption>
<figure><imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/default/cme/photography.prod.demandstudios.com/fc249ef6-4d27-41b4-8c21-15f7a8512b50.jpg"alt="Dig a hole in the oasis." data-credit="Lucy Akins"/></figure>
<figcaptionclass="caption"> Dig a hole in the oasis. (Lucy Akins) </figcaption>
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<p>Insert your plant into the hole.</p>
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<figureclass="stepThumb"><imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/default/cme/photography.prod.demandstudios.com/aae11d4d-a4aa-4251-a4d9-41023ebf6d84.jpg"alt="Orchid in foam oasis" class="photo" data-credit="Lucy Akins"/></figure>
<figcaptionclass="small caption"> Orchid in foam oasis (Lucy Akins) </figcaption>
<figure><imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/default/cme/photography.prod.demandstudios.com/aae11d4d-a4aa-4251-a4d9-41023ebf6d84.jpg"alt="Orchid in foam oasis" data-credit="Lucy Akins"/></figure>
<figcaptionclass="caption"> Orchid in foam oasis (Lucy Akins) </figcaption>
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<p>You can use any platform you wish. In this case, a small saucer was used.</p>
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<figureclass="stepThumb"><imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/default/cme/photography.prod.demandstudios.com/0cb3988c-9318-47d6-bc9c-c798da1ede72.jpg"alt="Place cloche on a platform to sit on." class="photo" data-credit="Lucy Akins"/></figure>
<figcaptionclass="small caption"> Place cloche on a platform to sit on. (Lucy Akins) </figcaption>
<figure><imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/default/cme/photography.prod.demandstudios.com/0cb3988c-9318-47d6-bc9c-c798da1ede72.jpg"alt="Place cloche on a platform to sit on." data-credit="Lucy Akins"/></figure>
<figcaptionclass="caption"> Place cloche on a platform to sit on. (Lucy Akins) </figcaption>
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<p>This particular terrarium rests on a planter saucer and features a small white pumpkin.</p>
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<figureclass="stepThumb"><imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/photography.prod.demandstudios.com/e3e18f0b-ab2c-4ffb-9988-a1ea63faef8b.jpg"alt="Cloche placed on a terracotta saucer" class="photo" data-credit="Lucy Akins"/></figure>
<figcaptionclass="small caption"> Cloche placed on a terracotta saucer (Lucy Akins) </figcaption>
<figure><imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/photography.prod.demandstudios.com/e3e18f0b-ab2c-4ffb-9988-a1ea63faef8b.jpg"alt="Cloche placed on a terracotta saucer" data-credit="Lucy Akins"/></figure>
<figcaptionclass="caption"> Cloche placed on a terracotta saucer (Lucy Akins) </figcaption>
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<p>This particular terrarium was placed on a wood slice and a little toy squirrel was placed inside to add a little whimsy.</p>
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<figureclass="stepThumb"><imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/photography.prod.demandstudios.com/2cd79f8d-0d16-4573-8861-e47fb74b0638.jpg"alt="Placed on a wooden slice" class="photo" data-credit="Lucy Akins"/></figure>
<figcaptionclass="small caption"> Placed on a wooden slice (Lucy Akins) </figcaption>
<figure><imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/photography.prod.demandstudios.com/2cd79f8d-0d16-4573-8861-e47fb74b0638.jpg"alt="Placed on a wooden slice" data-credit="Lucy Akins"/></figure>
<figcaptionclass="caption"> Placed on a wooden slice (Lucy Akins) </figcaption>
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<p>Displayed alone or in a group, these pretty arrangements allow you to add a little nature to your decor or tablescape.</p>
<timedatetime="2016-09-14T07:07:00-04:00"itemprop="dateModified">Last updated September 14, 2016</time>
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<p>Graduation parties are a great way to commemorate the years of hard work teens and college co-eds devote to education. They’re also costly for mom and dad.</p>
<p>The average cost of a graduation party in 2013 was a whopping $1,200, according to Graduationparty.com; $700 of that was allocated for food. However that budget was based on Midwestern statistics, and parties in urban areas like New York City are thought to have a much higher price tag.</p>
<p>Thankfully, there are plenty of creative ways to trim a little grad party fat without sacrificing any of the fun or celebratory spirit.</p>
<divclass="mod step"><divclass="stepContent mod"><divclass="content"><span><p>Parties hosted at restaurants, clubhouses and country clubs eliminate the need to spend hours cleaning up once party guests have gone home. But that convenience comes with a price tag. A country club may charge as much as $2,000 for room rental and restaurant food and beverage will almost always cost more than food prepped and served at home.</p></span></div>
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<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/FE/CB/121569D2-6984-4B2F-83C4-9D2D9A27CBFE/121569D2-6984-4B2F-83C4-9D2D9A27CBFE.jpg"alt="Save money hosting the party at home."class="photo"data-credit="Thomas Jackson/Digital Vision/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
<div><div><div><span><p>Parties hosted at restaurants, clubhouses and country clubs eliminate the need to spend hours cleaning up once party guests have gone home. But that convenience comes with a price tag. A country club may charge as much as $2,000 for room rental and restaurant food and beverage will almost always cost more than food prepped and served at home.</p></span></div>
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<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/FE/CB/121569D2-6984-4B2F-83C4-9D2D9A27CBFE/121569D2-6984-4B2F-83C4-9D2D9A27CBFE.jpg"alt="Save money hosting the party at home." data-credit="Thomas Jackson/Digital Vision/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
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<divclass="mod step"><divclass="stepContent mod"><divclass="content"><span><p>Instead of hiring a DJ, use your iPod or Smartphone to spin the tunes. Both easily hook up to most speakers or mp3 compatible docks to play music from your music library. Or download Pandora, the free online radio app, and play hours of music for free.</p>
<div><div><div><span><p>Instead of hiring a DJ, use your iPod or Smartphone to spin the tunes. Both easily hook up to most speakers or mp3 compatible docks to play music from your music library. Or download Pandora, the free online radio app, and play hours of music for free.</p>
<p>Personalize the music with a playlist of the grad’s favorite songs or songs that were big hits during his or her years in school.</p></span></div>
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<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/DF/FC/A05B0252-BD73-4BC7-A09A-96F0A504FCDF/A05B0252-BD73-4BC7-A09A-96F0A504FCDF.jpg"alt="Online radio can take the place of a hired DJ."class="photo"data-credit="Spencer Platt/Getty Images News/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
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<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/DF/FC/A05B0252-BD73-4BC7-A09A-96F0A504FCDF/A05B0252-BD73-4BC7-A09A-96F0A504FCDF.jpg"alt="Online radio can take the place of a hired DJ." data-credit="Spencer Platt/Getty Images News/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
<divclass="mod step"><divclass="stepContent mod"><divclass="content"><span><p>Avoid canned drinks, which guests often open, but don't finish. Serve pitchers of tap water with lemon and cucumber slices or sliced strawberries for an interesting and refreshing flavor. Opt for punches and non-alcoholic drinks for high school graduates that allow guests to dole out the exact amount they want to drink.</p></span></div>
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<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/EB/DB/8A04CCA7-3255-4225-B59A-C41441F8DBEB/8A04CCA7-3255-4225-B59A-C41441F8DBEB.jpg"alt="Serve drinks in pitchers, not in cans."class="photo"data-credit="evgenyb/iStock/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
<div><div><div><span><p>Avoid canned drinks, which guests often open, but don't finish. Serve pitchers of tap water with lemon and cucumber slices or sliced strawberries for an interesting and refreshing flavor. Opt for punches and non-alcoholic drinks for high school graduates that allow guests to dole out the exact amount they want to drink.</p></span></div>
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<divclass="mod step"><divclass="stepContent mod"><divclass="content"><span><p>Instead of inviting everyone you – and the graduate – know or ever knew, scale back the guest list. Forgo inviting guests that you or your grad haven't seen for eons. There is no reason to provide provisions for people who are essentially out of your lives. Sticking to a small, but personal, guest list allows more time to mingle with loved ones during the party, too.</p></span></div>
<figureclass="stepThumb">
<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/94/10/08035476-0167-4A03-AADC-13A7E7AA1094/08035476-0167-4A03-AADC-13A7E7AA1094.jpg"alt="Limit guests to those close to the graduate."class="photo"data-credit="Kane Skennar/Photodisc/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
<div><div><div><span><p>Instead of inviting everyone you – and the graduate – know or ever knew, scale back the guest list. Forgo inviting guests that you or your grad haven't seen for eons. There is no reason to provide provisions for people who are essentially out of your lives. Sticking to a small, but personal, guest list allows more time to mingle with loved ones during the party, too.</p></span></div>
<figure>
<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/94/10/08035476-0167-4A03-AADC-13A7E7AA1094/08035476-0167-4A03-AADC-13A7E7AA1094.jpg"alt="Limit guests to those close to the graduate." data-credit="Kane Skennar/Photodisc/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
</figure>
<figcaptionclass="small caption">
<figcaptionclass="caption">
Kane Skennar/Photodisc/Getty Images </figcaption>
</div>
</div>
@ -98,11 +98,11 @@
</span>
<span>
<span>
<divclass="mod step"><divclass="stepContent mod"><divclass="content"><span><p>See if your grad and his best friend, girlfriend or close family member would consider hosting a joint party. You can split some of the expenses, especially when the two graduates share mutual friends. You'll also have another parent to bounce ideas off of and to help you stick to your budget when you're tempted to splurge.</p></span></div>
<figureclass="stepThumb">
<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/06/49/4AD62696-FC95-4DA2-8351-42740C7B4906/4AD62696-FC95-4DA2-8351-42740C7B4906.jpg"alt="Throw a joint bash for big savings."class="photo"data-credit="Mike Watson Images/Moodboard/Getty"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
<div><div><div><span><p>See if your grad and his best friend, girlfriend or close family member would consider hosting a joint party. You can split some of the expenses, especially when the two graduates share mutual friends. You'll also have another parent to bounce ideas off of and to help you stick to your budget when you're tempted to splurge.</p></span></div>
<figure>
<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/06/49/4AD62696-FC95-4DA2-8351-42740C7B4906/4AD62696-FC95-4DA2-8351-42740C7B4906.jpg"alt="Throw a joint bash for big savings." data-credit="Mike Watson Images/Moodboard/Getty"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
</figure>
<figcaptionclass="small caption">
<figcaptionclass="caption">
Mike Watson Images/Moodboard/Getty </figcaption>
</div>
</div>
@ -110,12 +110,12 @@
</span>
<span>
<span>
<divclass="mod step"><divclass="stepContent mod"><divclass="content"><span><p>Skip carving stations of prime rib and jumbo shrimp as appetizers, especially for high school graduation parties. Instead, serve some of the graduate's favorite side dishes that are cost effective, like a big pot of spaghetti with breadsticks. Opt for easy and simple food such as pizza, finger food and mini appetizers. </p>
<div><div><div><span><p>Skip carving stations of prime rib and jumbo shrimp as appetizers, especially for high school graduation parties. Instead, serve some of the graduate's favorite side dishes that are cost effective, like a big pot of spaghetti with breadsticks. Opt for easy and simple food such as pizza, finger food and mini appetizers. </p>
<p>Avoid pre-packaged foods and pre-made deli platters. These can be quite costly. Instead, make your own cheese and deli platters for less than half the cost of pre-made.</p></span></div>
<figureclass="stepThumb">
<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/D0/51/B6AED06C-5E19-4A26-9AAD-0E175F6251D0/B6AED06C-5E19-4A26-9AAD-0E175F6251D0.jpg"alt="Cost effective appetizers are just as satisfying as pre-made deli platters."class="photo"data-credit="Mark Stout/iStock/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
<figure>
<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/D0/51/B6AED06C-5E19-4A26-9AAD-0E175F6251D0/B6AED06C-5E19-4A26-9AAD-0E175F6251D0.jpg"alt="Cost effective appetizers are just as satisfying as pre-made deli platters." data-credit="Mark Stout/iStock/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
</figure>
<figcaptionclass="small caption">
<figcaptionclass="caption">
Mark Stout/iStock/Getty Images </figcaption>
</div>
</div>
@ -123,11 +123,11 @@
</span>
<span>
<span>
<divclass="mod step"><divclass="stepContent mod"><divclass="content"><span><p>Instead of an evening dinner party, host a grad lunch or all appetizers party. Brunch and lunch fare or finger food costs less than dinner. Guests also tend to consume less alcohol in the middle of the day, which keeps cost down.</p></span></div>
<figureclass="stepThumb">
<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/35/B4/DD5FD05A-B631-4AFE-BC8F-FDACAD1EB435/DD5FD05A-B631-4AFE-BC8F-FDACAD1EB435.jpg"alt="A brunch gathering will cost less than a dinner party."class="photo"data-credit="Mark Stout/iStock/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
<div><div><div><span><p>Instead of an evening dinner party, host a grad lunch or all appetizers party. Brunch and lunch fare or finger food costs less than dinner. Guests also tend to consume less alcohol in the middle of the day, which keeps cost down.</p></span></div>
<figure>
<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/35/B4/DD5FD05A-B631-4AFE-BC8F-FDACAD1EB435/DD5FD05A-B631-4AFE-BC8F-FDACAD1EB435.jpg"alt="A brunch gathering will cost less than a dinner party." data-credit="Mark Stout/iStock/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
</figure>
<figcaptionclass="small caption">
<figcaptionclass="caption">
Mark Stout/iStock/Getty Images </figcaption>
</div>
</div>
@ -137,11 +137,11 @@
</span>
<span>
<span>
<divclass="mod step"><divclass="stepContent mod"><divclass="content"><span><p>Decorate your party in the graduate's current school colors or the colors of the school he or she will be headed to next. Décor that is not specifically graduation-themed may cost a bit less, and any leftovers can be re-used for future parties, picnics and events.</p></span></div>
<figureclass="stepThumb">
<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/A1/FA/2C368B34-8F6A-45F6-9DFC-0B0C4E33FAA1/2C368B34-8F6A-45F6-9DFC-0B0C4E33FAA1.jpg"alt="Theme the party by color without graduation-specific decor."class="photo"data-credit="jethuynh/iStock/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
<div><div><div><span><p>Decorate your party in the graduate's current school colors or the colors of the school he or she will be headed to next. Décor that is not specifically graduation-themed may cost a bit less, and any leftovers can be re-used for future parties, picnics and events.</p></span></div>
<figure>
<imgsrc="http://img-aws.ehowcdn.com/640/cme/cme_public_images/www_ehow_com/cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload/image/A1/FA/2C368B34-8F6A-45F6-9DFC-0B0C4E33FAA1/2C368B34-8F6A-45F6-9DFC-0B0C4E33FAA1.jpg"alt="Theme the party by color without graduation-specific decor." data-credit="jethuynh/iStock/Getty Images"data-pin-ehow-hover="true"data-pin-no-hover="true"/>
<pclass="caption">1Password scannt auch QR-Codes.</p>
<pclass="source">(Bild: Hersteller)</p>
<p>(Bild: Hersteller)</p>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<pclass="meldung_anrisstext"><strong>Das in der iOS-Version bereits enthaltene TOTP-Feature ist nun auch für OS X 10.10 verfügbar. Zudem gibt es neue Zusatzfelder in der Datenbank und weitere Verbesserungen.</strong></p>
<p><strong>Das in der iOS-Version bereits enthaltene TOTP-Feature ist nun auch für OS X 10.10 verfügbar. Zudem gibt es neue Zusatzfelder in der Datenbank und weitere Verbesserungen.</strong></p>
<p><arel="external"target="_blank"href="https://itunes.apple.com/de/app/1password-password-manager/id443987910">AgileBits hat Version 5.3 seines bekannten Passwortmanagers 1Password für OS X freigegeben.</a> Mit dem Update wird eine praktische Funktion nachgereicht, die <ahref="http://fakehost/mac-and-i/meldung/Passwortmanager-1Password-mit-groesseren-Updates-fuer-OS-X-und-iOS-2529204.html">die iOS-Version der Anwendung bereits seit längerem beherrscht</a>: Das direkte Erstellen von Einmal-Passwörtern. Unterstützt wird dabei der <arel="external"target="_blank"href="https://blog.agilebits.com/2015/01/26/totp-for-1password-users/">TOTP-Standard</a> (Time-Based One-Time Passwords), den unter anderem Firmen wie Evernote, Dropbox oder Google einsetzen, um ihre Zugänge besser abzusichern. Neben Account und regulärem Passwort wird dabei dann ein Zusatzcode verlangt, der nur kurze Zeit gilt.</p>
<p>Zur TOTP-Nutzung muss zunächst ein Startwert an 1Password übergeben werden. Das geht unter anderem per QR-Code, den die App über ein neues Scanfenster selbst einlesen kann – etwa aus dem Webbrowser. Eine Einführung in die Technik gibt <arel="external"target="_blank"href="http://1pw.ca/TOTPvideoMac">ein kurzes Video</a>. Die TOTP-Unterstützung in 1Password erlaubt es, auf ein zusätzliches Gerät (z.B. ein iPhone) neben dem Mac zu verzichten, das den Code liefert – was allerdings auch die Sicherheit verringert, weil es keinen "echten" zweiten Faktor mehr gibt.</p>
<p>Update 5.3 des Passwortmanagers liefert auch noch weitere Verbesserungen. So gibt es die Möglichkeit, FaceTime-Audio- oder Skype-Anrufe aus 1Password zu starten, die Zahl der Zusatzfelder in der Datenbank wurde erweitert und der Umgang mit unterschiedlichen Zeitzonen klappt besser. Die Engine zur Passworteingabe im Browser soll beschleunigt worden sein.</p>
<p>1Password kostet aktuell knapp 50 Euro im Mac App Store und setzt in seiner aktuellen Version mindestens OS X 10.10 voraus. <spanclass="ISI_IGNORE">(<atitle="Ben Schwan"href="mailto:bsc@heise.de">bsc</a>)</span>
<brclass="clear"/></p>
<p>1Password kostet aktuell knapp 50 Euro im Mac App Store und setzt in seiner aktuellen Version mindestens OS X 10.10 voraus. <span>(<atitle="Ben Schwan"href="mailto:bsc@heise.de">bsc</a>)</span>
<divclass="image-frame"><imgdata-src="http://api.news.com.au/content/1.0/heraldsun/images/1227261885862?format=jpg&group=iphone&size=medium"alt="A new Bill would require telecommunications service providers to store so-called ‘metadat"/></div>
<pclass="caption"><spanid="imgCaption"class="caption-text">A new Bill would require telecommunications service providers to store so-called ‘metadata’ for two years.</span><spanclass="image-source"><em>Source:</em>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><imgdata-src="http://api.news.com.au/content/1.0/heraldsun/images/1227261885862?format=jpg&group=iphone&size=medium"alt="A new Bill would require telecommunications service providers to store so-called ‘metadat"/></div>
<pclass="caption"><span>A new Bill would require telecommunications service providers to store so-called ‘metadata’ for two years.</span><span><em>Source:</em>
Supplied</span></p>
</div>
</div>
@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
<p>The roadshow featured the Prime Minister’s national security adviser, Andrew Shearer, Justin Bassi, who advises Attorney-General George Brandis on crime and security matters, and Australian Federal Police Commissioner Andrew Colvin. Staffers from the office of Communications Minister Malcolm Turnbull also took part.</p>
<p>They held meetings with executives from News Corporation and Fairfax, representatives of the TV networks, the ABC top brass and a group from the media union and the Walkley journalism foundation. I was involved as a member of the Walkley board.</p>
<p>The initiative, from Tony Abbott’s office, is evidence that the Government has been alarmed by the strength of criticism from media of the Data Retention Bill it wants passed before Parliament rises in a fortnight. Bosses, journalists, even the Press Council, are up in arms, not only over this measure, but also over aspects of two earlier pieces of national security legislation that interfere with the ability of the media to hold government to account.</p>
<divid="read-more">
<divid="read-more-content">
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<div>
<p>The Bill would require telecommunications service providers to store so-called “metadata” — the who, where, when and how of a communication, but not its content — for two years so security and law enforcement agencies can access it without warrant. Few would argue against the use of such material to catch criminals or terrorists. But, as Parliament’s Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security has pointed out, it would also be used “for the purpose of determining the identity of a journalist’s sources”.</p>
<p>And that should ring warning bells for anyone genuinely concerned with the health of our democracy. Without the ability to protect the identity of sources, journalists would be greatly handicapped in exposing corruption, dishonesty, waste, incompetence and misbehaviour by public officials.</p>
<p>The Press Council is concerned the laws would crush investigative journalism.</p>
<p>We messed up. As technologists, tasked with delivering content and services to users, we lost track of the user experience.</p>
<p>Twenty years ago we saw an explosion of websites, built by developers around the world, providing all forms of content. This was the beginning of an age of enlightenment, the intersection of content and technology. Many of us in the technical field felt compelled, and even empowered, to produce information as the distribution means for mass communication were no longer restricted by a high barrier to entry.</p>
<p>In 2000, the dark ages came when the dot-com bubble burst. We were told that our startups were gone or that our divisions sustained by corporate parent companies needed to be in the black. It was a wakeup call that led to a renaissance age. Digital advertising became the foundation of an economic engine that, still now, sustains the free and democratic World Wide Web. In digital publishing, we strived to balance content, commerce, and technology. The content management systems and communication gateways we built to inform and entertain populations around the world disrupted markets and in some cases governments, informed communities of imminent danger, and liberated new forms of art and entertainment—all while creating a digital middle class of small businesses.</p>
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<p>The rise of ad blocking poses a threat to the internet and could potentially drive users to an enclosed platform world dominated by a few companies. We have let the fine equilibrium of content, commerce, and technology get out of balance in the open web. We had, and still do have, a responsibility to educate the business side, and in some cases to push back. We lost sight of our social and ethical responsibility to provide a safe, usable experience for anyone and everyone wanting to consume the content of their choice.</p>
<p>We need to bring that back into alignment, starting right now.</p>
<p>
<ahref="http://www.iab.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/getting-lean-with-digital-ad-ux.jpg"><imgwidth="300"height="250"alt="Getting LEAN with Digital Ad UX"src="http://www.iab.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/getting-lean-with-digital-ad-ux-300x250.jpg"class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-15403"/></a>Today, the IAB Tech Lab is launching the L.E.A.N. Ads program. Supported by the Executive Committee of the IAB Tech Lab Board, IABs around the world, and hundreds of member companies, L.E.A.N. stands for Light, Encrypted, Ad choice supported, Non-invasive ads. These are principles that will help guide the next phases of advertising technical standards for the global digital advertising supply chain.</p>
<ahref="http://www.iab.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/getting-lean-with-digital-ad-ux.jpg"><imgwidth="300"height="250"alt="Getting LEAN with Digital Ad UX"src="http://www.iab.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/getting-lean-with-digital-ad-ux-300x250.jpg"/></a>Today, the IAB Tech Lab is launching the L.E.A.N. Ads program. Supported by the Executive Committee of the IAB Tech Lab Board, IABs around the world, and hundreds of member companies, L.E.A.N. stands for Light, Encrypted, Ad choice supported, Non-invasive ads. These are principles that will help guide the next phases of advertising technical standards for the global digital advertising supply chain.</p>
<p>As with any other industry, standards should be created by non-profit standards-setting bodies, with many diverse voices providing input. We will invite all parties for public comment, and make sure consumer interest groups have the opportunity to provide input.</p>
<p>L.E.A.N. Ads do not replace the current advertising standards many consumers still enjoy and engage with while consuming content on our sites across all IP enabled devices. Rather, these principles will guide an alternative set of standards that provide choice for marketers, content providers, and consumers.</p>
<p>Among the many areas of concentration, we must also address frequency capping on retargeting in Ad Tech and make sure a user is targeted appropriately before, but never AFTER they make a purchase. If we are so good at reach and scale, we can be just as good, if not better, at moderation. Additionally, we must address volume of ads per page as well as continue on the path to viewability. The dependencies here are critical to an optimized user experience.</p>
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<h4name="9736"id="9736"data-align="center" class="graf--h4">Welcome to DoctorX’s Barcelona lab, where the drugs you bought online are tested for safety and purity. No questions asked.</h4>
<h4name="9736" data-align="center">Welcome to DoctorX’s Barcelona lab, where the drugs you bought online are tested for safety and purity. No questions asked.</h4>
<pname="8a83"id="8a83"class="graf--p">Standing at a table in a chemistry lab in Barcelona, Cristina Gil Lladanosa tears open a silver, smell-proof protective envelope. She slides out a transparent bag full of crystals. Around her, machines whir and hum, and other researchers mill around in long, white coats.</p>
<pname="b675"id="b675"class="graf--p">She is holding the lab’s latest delivery of a drug bought from the “deep web,” the clandestine corner of the internet that isn’t reachable by normal search engines, and is home to some sites that require special software to access. Labeled as <ahref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDMA"data-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDMA" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">MDMA</a> (the street term is ecstasy), this sample has been shipped from Canada. Lladanosa and her colleague Iván Fornís Espinosa have also received drugs, anonymously, from people in China, Australia, Europe and the United States.</p>
<pname="3c0b"id="3c0b"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“Here we have speed, MDMA, cocaine, pills,” Lladanosa says, pointing to vials full of red, green, blue and clear solutions sitting in labeled boxes.</p>
<figcaptionclass="imageCaption">Cristina Gil Lladanosa, at the Barcelona testing lab | photo by Joan Bardeletti</figcaption>
<pname="8a83">Standing at a table in a chemistry lab in Barcelona, Cristina Gil Lladanosa tears open a silver, smell-proof protective envelope. She slides out a transparent bag full of crystals. Around her, machines whir and hum, and other researchers mill around in long, white coats.</p>
<pname="b675">She is holding the lab’s latest delivery of a drug bought from the “deep web,” the clandestine corner of the internet that isn’t reachable by normal search engines, and is home to some sites that require special software to access. Labeled as <ahref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDMA"data-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDMA" rel="nofollow">MDMA</a> (the street term is ecstasy), this sample has been shipped from Canada. Lladanosa and her colleague Iván Fornís Espinosa have also received drugs, anonymously, from people in China, Australia, Europe and the United States.</p>
<pname="3c0b">“Here we have speed, MDMA, cocaine, pills,” Lladanosa says, pointing to vials full of red, green, blue and clear solutions sitting in labeled boxes.</p>
<figcaption>Cristina Gil Lladanosa, at the Barcelona testing lab | photo by Joan Bardeletti</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<divclass="section-inner layoutSingleColumn">
<pname="7a54"id="7a54"class="graf--p">Since 2011, with the launch of <ahref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road_%28marketplace%29"data-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road_%28marketplace%29" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">Silk Road</a>, anybody has been able to safely buy illegal drugs from the deep web and have them delivered to their door. Though the FBI shut down that black market in October 2013, other outlets have emerged to fill its role. For the last 10 months the lab at which Lladanosa and Espinosa work has offered a paid testing service of those drugs. By sending in samples for analysis, users can know exactly what it is they are buying, and make a more informed decision about whether to ingest the substance. The group, called <ahref="http://energycontrol.org/"data-href="http://energycontrol.org/" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">Energy Control</a>, which has being running “harm reduction” programs since 1999, is the first to run a testing service explicitly geared towards verifying those purchases from the deep web.</p>
<pname="4395"id="4395"class="graf--p">Before joining Energy Control, Lladanosa briefly worked at a pharmacy, whereas Espinosa spent 14 years doing drug analysis. Working at Energy Control is “more gratifying,” and “rewarding” than her previous jobs, Lladanosa told me. They also receive help from a group of volunteers, made up of a mixture of “squatters,” as Espinosa put it, and medical students, who prepare the samples for testing.</p>
<pname="0c18"id="0c18"class="graf--p">After weighing out the crystals, aggressively mixing it with methanol until dissolved, and delicately pouring the liquid into a tiny brown bottle, Lladanosa, a petite woman who is nearly engulfed by her lab coat, is now ready to test the sample. She loads a series of three trays on top of a large white appliance sitting on a table, called a gas chromatograph (GC). A jungle of thick pipes hang from the lab’s ceiling behind it.</p>
<figcaptionclass="imageCaption">Photo by Joan Bardeletti</figcaption>
</div>
<div>
<pname="7a54">Since 2011, with the launch of <ahref="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road_%28marketplace%29"data-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road_%28marketplace%29" rel="nofollow">Silk Road</a>, anybody has been able to safely buy illegal drugs from the deep web and have them delivered to their door. Though the FBI shut down that black market in October 2013, other outlets have emerged to fill its role. For the last 10 months the lab at which Lladanosa and Espinosa work has offered a paid testing service of those drugs. By sending in samples for analysis, users can know exactly what it is they are buying, and make a more informed decision about whether to ingest the substance. The group, called <ahref="http://energycontrol.org/"data-href="http://energycontrol.org/" rel="nofollow">Energy Control</a>, which has being running “harm reduction” programs since 1999, is the first to run a testing service explicitly geared towards verifying those purchases from the deep web.</p>
<pname="4395">Before joining Energy Control, Lladanosa briefly worked at a pharmacy, whereas Espinosa spent 14 years doing drug analysis. Working at Energy Control is “more gratifying,” and “rewarding” than her previous jobs, Lladanosa told me. They also receive help from a group of volunteers, made up of a mixture of “squatters,” as Espinosa put it, and medical students, who prepare the samples for testing.</p>
<pname="0c18">After weighing out the crystals, aggressively mixing it with methanol until dissolved, and delicately pouring the liquid into a tiny brown bottle, Lladanosa, a petite woman who is nearly engulfed by her lab coat, is now ready to test the sample. She loads a series of three trays on top of a large white appliance sitting on a table, called a gas chromatograph (GC). A jungle of thick pipes hang from the lab’s ceiling behind it.</p>
<pname="1549"id="1549"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“Chromatography separates all the substances,” Lladanosa says as she loads the machine with an array of drugs sent from the deep web and local Spanish users. It can tell whether a sample is pure or contaminated, and if the latter, with what.</p>
<pname="5d0f"id="5d0f"class="graf--p">Rushes of hot air blow across the desk as the gas chromatograph blasts the sample at 280 degrees Celsius. Thirty minutes later the machine’s robotic arm automatically moves over to grip another bottle. The machine will continue cranking through the 150 samples in the trays for most of the work week.</p>
<figcaptionclass="imageCaption">Photo by Joan Bardeletti</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<divclass="section-inner layoutSingleColumn">
<pname="15e0"id="15e0"class="graf--p">To get the drugs to Barcelona, a user mails at least 10 milligrams of a substance to the offices of the Asociación Bienestar y Desarrollo, the non-government organization that oversees Energy Control. The sample then gets delivered to the testing service’s laboratory, at the Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, a futuristic, seven story building sitting metres away from the beach. Energy Control borrows its lab space from a biomedical research group for free.</p>
<pname="2574"id="2574"class="graf--p">The tests cost 50 Euro per sample. Users pay, not surprisingly, with Bitcoin. In the post announcing Energy Control’s service on the deep web, the group promised that “All profits of this service are set aside of maintenance of this project.”</p>
<pname="2644"id="2644"class="graf--p">About a week after testing, those results are sent in a PDF to an email address provided by the anonymous client.</p>
<pname="9f91"id="9f91"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“The process is quite boring, because you are in a routine,” Lladanosa says. But one part of the process is consistently surprising: that moment when the results pop up on the screen. “Every time it’s something different.” For instance, one cocaine sample she had tested also contained phenacetin, a painkiller added to increase the product’s weight; lidocaine, an anesthetic that numbs the gums, giving the impression that the user is taking higher quality cocaine; and common caffeine.</p>
<pname="39a6"id="39a6"class="graf--p">The deep web drug lab is the brainchild of Fernando Caudevilla, a Spanish physician who is better known as “DoctorX” on the deep web, a nickname given to him by his Energy Control co-workers because of his earlier writing about the history, risks and recreational culture of MDMA. In the physical world, Caudevilla has worked for over a decade with Energy Control on various harm reduction focused projects, most of which have involved giving Spanish illegal drug users medical guidance, and often writing leaflets about the harms of certain substances.</p>
<figcaptionclass="imageCaption">Fernando Caudevilla, AKA DoctorX. Photo: Joseph Cox</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<divclass="section-inner layoutSingleColumn">
<pname="c099"id="c099"class="graf--p">Caudevilla first ventured into Silk Road forums in April 2013. “I would like to contribute to this forum offering professional advice in topics related to drug use and health,” he wrote in an <ahref="http://web.archive.org/web/20131015051405/https://dkn255hz262ypmii.onion.to/index.php?topic=147607.0"data-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20131015051405/https://dkn255hz262ypmii.onion.to/index.php?topic=147607.0" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">introductory post</a>, using his DoctorX alias. Caudevilla offered to provide answers to questions that a typical doctor is not prepared, or willing, to respond to, at least not without a lecture or a judgment. “This advice cannot replace a complete face-to-face medical evaluation,” he wrote, “but I know how difficult it can be to talk frankly about these things.”</p>
<pname="ff1d"id="ff1d"class="graf--p">The requests flooded in. A diabetic asked what effect MDMA has on blood sugar; another what the risks of frequent psychedelic use were for a young person. Someone wanted to know whether amphetamine use should be avoided during lactation. In all, Fernando’s thread received over 50,000 visits and 300 questions before the FBI shut down Silk Road.</p>
<pname="1f35"id="1f35"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“He’s amazing. A gift to this community,” one user wrote on the Silk Road 2.0 forum, a site that sprang up after the original. “His knowledge is invaluable, and never comes with any judgment.” Up until recently, Caudevilla answered questions on the marketplace “Evolution.” Last week, however, the administrators of that site <ahref="http://motherboard.vice.com/read/one-of-the-darknets-biggest-markets-may-have-just-stole-all-its-users-bitcoin"data-href="http://motherboard.vice.com/read/one-of-the-darknets-biggest-markets-may-have-just-stole-all-its-users-bitcoin" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">pulled a scam</a>, shutting the market down and escaping with an estimated $12 million worth of Bitcoin.</p>
<pname="b20f"id="b20f"class="graf--p">Caudevilla’s transition from dispensing advice to starting up a no-questions-asked drug testing service came as a consequence of his experience on the deep web. He’d wondered whether he could help bring more harm reduction services to a marketplace without controls. The Energy Control project, as part of its mandate of educating drug users and preventing harm, had already been carrying out drug testing for local Spanish users since 2001, at music festivals, night clubs, or through a drop-in service at a lab in Madrid.</p>
<pname="f739"id="f739"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“I thought, we are doing this in Spain, why don’t we do an international drug testing service?” Caudevilla told me when I visited the other Energy Control lab, in Madrid. Caudevilla, a stocky character with ear piercings and short, shaved hair, has eyes that light up whenever he discusses the world of the deep web. Later, via email, he elaborated that it was not a hard sell. “It was not too hard to convince them,” he wrote me. Clearly, Energy Control believed that the reputation he had earned as an unbiased medical professional on the deep web might carry over to the drug analysis service, where one needs to establish “credibility, trustworthiness, [and] transparency,” Caudevilla said. “We could not make mistakes,” he added.</p>
<pname="7b5e"id="7b5e"class="graf--p">While the Energy Control lab in Madrid lab only tests Spanish drugs from various sources, it is the Barcelona location which vets the substances bought in the shadowy recesses of of the deep web. Caudevilla no longer runs it, having handed it over to his colleague Ana Muñoz. She maintains a presence on the deep web forums, answers questions from potential users, and sends back reports when they are ready.</p>
<pname="0f0e"id="0f0e"class="graf--p">The testing program exists in a legal grey area. The people who own the Barcelona lab are accredited to experiment with and handle drugs, but Energy Control doesn’t have this permission itself, at least not in writing.</p>
<pname="e002"id="e002"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“We have a verbal agreement with the police and other authorities. They already know what we are doing,” Lladanosa tells me. It is a pact of mutual benefit. Energy Control provides the police with information on batches of drugs in Spain, whether they’re from the deep web or not, Espinosa says. They also contribute to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction’s early warning system, a collaboration that attempts to spread information about dangerous drugs as quickly as possible.</p>
<pname="db1b"id="db1b"class="graf--p">By the time of my visit in February, Energy Control had received over 150 samples from the deep web and have been receiving more at a rate of between 4 and 8 a week. Traditional drugs, such as cocaine and MDMA, make up about 70 percent of the samples tested, but the Barcelona lab has also received samples of the prescription pill codeine, research chemicals and synthetic cannabinoids, and even pills of Viagra.</p>
<figcaptionclass="imageCaption">Photo by Joan Bardeletti</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<divclass="section-inner layoutSingleColumn">
<pname="e76f"id="e76f"class="graf--p">So it’s fair to make a tentative judgement on what people are paying for on the deep web. The verdict thus far? Overall, drugs on the deep web appear to be of much higher quality than those found on the street.</p>
<pname="5352"id="5352"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“In general, the cocaine is amazing,” says Caudevilla, saying that the samples they’ve seen have purities climbing towards 80 or 90 percent, and some even higher. To get an idea of how unusual this is, take a look at the <ahref="http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr2014/Cocaine_2014_web.pdf"data-href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr2014/Cocaine_2014_web.pdf" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime World Drug Report 2014</a>, which reports that the average quality of street cocaine in Spain is just over 40 percent, while in the United Kingdom it is closer to 30 percent.“We have found 100 percent [pure] cocaine,” he adds. “That’s really, really strange. That means that, technically, this cocaine has been purified, with clandestine methods.”</p>
<pname="a71c"id="a71c"class="graf--p">Naturally, identifying vendors who sell this top-of-the-range stuff is one of the reasons that people have sent samples to Energy Control. Caudevilla was keen to stress that, officially, Energy Control’s service “is not intended to be a control of drug quality,” meaning a vetting process for identifying the best sellers, but that is exactly how some people have been using it.</p>
<pname="cb5b"id="cb5b"class="graf--p">As one buyer on the Evolution market, elmo666, wrote to me over the site’s messaging system, “My initial motivations were selfish. My primary motivation was to ensure that I was receiving and continue to receive a high quality product, essentially to keep the vendor honest as far as my interactions with them went.”</p>
<pname="d80d"id="d80d"class="graf--p">Vendors on deep web markets advertise their product just like any other outlet does, using flash sales, gimmicky giveaways and promises of drugs that are superior to those of their competitors. The claims, however, can turn out to be empty: despite the test results that show that deep web cocaine vendors typically sell product that is of a better quality than that found on the street, in plenty of cases, the drugs are nowhere near as pure as advertised.</p>
<pname="36de"id="36de"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“You won’t be getting anything CLOSE to what you paid for,” one user complained about the cocaine from ‘Mirkov’, a vendor on Evolution. “He sells 65% not 95%.”</p>
<pname="1549">“Chromatography separates all the substances,” Lladanosa says as she loads the machine with an array of drugs sent from the deep web and local Spanish users. It can tell whether a sample is pure or contaminated, and if the latter, with what.</p>
<pname="5d0f">Rushes of hot air blow across the desk as the gas chromatograph blasts the sample at 280 degrees Celsius. Thirty minutes later the machine’s robotic arm automatically moves over to grip another bottle. The machine will continue cranking through the 150 samples in the trays for most of the work week.</p>
<pname="15e0">To get the drugs to Barcelona, a user mails at least 10 milligrams of a substance to the offices of the Asociación Bienestar y Desarrollo, the non-government organization that oversees Energy Control. The sample then gets delivered to the testing service’s laboratory, at the Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, a futuristic, seven story building sitting metres away from the beach. Energy Control borrows its lab space from a biomedical research group for free.</p>
<pname="2574">The tests cost 50 Euro per sample. Users pay, not surprisingly, with Bitcoin. In the post announcing Energy Control’s service on the deep web, the group promised that “All profits of this service are set aside of maintenance of this project.”</p>
<pname="2644">About a week after testing, those results are sent in a PDF to an email address provided by the anonymous client.</p>
<pname="9f91">“The process is quite boring, because you are in a routine,” Lladanosa says. But one part of the process is consistently surprising: that moment when the results pop up on the screen. “Every time it’s something different.” For instance, one cocaine sample she had tested also contained phenacetin, a painkiller added to increase the product’s weight; lidocaine, an anesthetic that numbs the gums, giving the impression that the user is taking higher quality cocaine; and common caffeine.</p>
<pname="39a6">The deep web drug lab is the brainchild of Fernando Caudevilla, a Spanish physician who is better known as “DoctorX” on the deep web, a nickname given to him by his Energy Control co-workers because of his earlier writing about the history, risks and recreational culture of MDMA. In the physical world, Caudevilla has worked for over a decade with Energy Control on various harm reduction focused projects, most of which have involved giving Spanish illegal drug users medical guidance, and often writing leaflets about the harms of certain substances.</p>
<figcaption>Fernando Caudevilla, AKA DoctorX. Photo: Joseph Cox</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div>
<pname="c099">Caudevilla first ventured into Silk Road forums in April 2013. “I would like to contribute to this forum offering professional advice in topics related to drug use and health,” he wrote in an <ahref="http://web.archive.org/web/20131015051405/https://dkn255hz262ypmii.onion.to/index.php?topic=147607.0"data-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20131015051405/https://dkn255hz262ypmii.onion.to/index.php?topic=147607.0" rel="nofollow">introductory post</a>, using his DoctorX alias. Caudevilla offered to provide answers to questions that a typical doctor is not prepared, or willing, to respond to, at least not without a lecture or a judgment. “This advice cannot replace a complete face-to-face medical evaluation,” he wrote, “but I know how difficult it can be to talk frankly about these things.”</p>
<pname="ff1d">The requests flooded in. A diabetic asked what effect MDMA has on blood sugar; another what the risks of frequent psychedelic use were for a young person. Someone wanted to know whether amphetamine use should be avoided during lactation. In all, Fernando’s thread received over 50,000 visits and 300 questions before the FBI shut down Silk Road.</p>
<pname="1f35">“He’s amazing. A gift to this community,” one user wrote on the Silk Road 2.0 forum, a site that sprang up after the original. “His knowledge is invaluable, and never comes with any judgment.” Up until recently, Caudevilla answered questions on the marketplace “Evolution.” Last week, however, the administrators of that site <ahref="http://motherboard.vice.com/read/one-of-the-darknets-biggest-markets-may-have-just-stole-all-its-users-bitcoin"data-href="http://motherboard.vice.com/read/one-of-the-darknets-biggest-markets-may-have-just-stole-all-its-users-bitcoin" rel="nofollow">pulled a scam</a>, shutting the market down and escaping with an estimated $12 million worth of Bitcoin.</p>
<pname="b20f">Caudevilla’s transition from dispensing advice to starting up a no-questions-asked drug testing service came as a consequence of his experience on the deep web. He’d wondered whether he could help bring more harm reduction services to a marketplace without controls. The Energy Control project, as part of its mandate of educating drug users and preventing harm, had already been carrying out drug testing for local Spanish users since 2001, at music festivals, night clubs, or through a drop-in service at a lab in Madrid.</p>
<pname="f739">“I thought, we are doing this in Spain, why don’t we do an international drug testing service?” Caudevilla told me when I visited the other Energy Control lab, in Madrid. Caudevilla, a stocky character with ear piercings and short, shaved hair, has eyes that light up whenever he discusses the world of the deep web. Later, via email, he elaborated that it was not a hard sell. “It was not too hard to convince them,” he wrote me. Clearly, Energy Control believed that the reputation he had earned as an unbiased medical professional on the deep web might carry over to the drug analysis service, where one needs to establish “credibility, trustworthiness, [and] transparency,” Caudevilla said. “We could not make mistakes,” he added.</p>
<pname="7b5e">While the Energy Control lab in Madrid lab only tests Spanish drugs from various sources, it is the Barcelona location which vets the substances bought in the shadowy recesses of of the deep web. Caudevilla no longer runs it, having handed it over to his colleague Ana Muñoz. She maintains a presence on the deep web forums, answers questions from potential users, and sends back reports when they are ready.</p>
<pname="0f0e">The testing program exists in a legal grey area. The people who own the Barcelona lab are accredited to experiment with and handle drugs, but Energy Control doesn’t have this permission itself, at least not in writing.</p>
<pname="e002">“We have a verbal agreement with the police and other authorities. They already know what we are doing,” Lladanosa tells me. It is a pact of mutual benefit. Energy Control provides the police with information on batches of drugs in Spain, whether they’re from the deep web or not, Espinosa says. They also contribute to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction’s early warning system, a collaboration that attempts to spread information about dangerous drugs as quickly as possible.</p>
<pname="db1b">By the time of my visit in February, Energy Control had received over 150 samples from the deep web and have been receiving more at a rate of between 4 and 8 a week. Traditional drugs, such as cocaine and MDMA, make up about 70 percent of the samples tested, but the Barcelona lab has also received samples of the prescription pill codeine, research chemicals and synthetic cannabinoids, and even pills of Viagra.</p>
<pname="e76f">So it’s fair to make a tentative judgement on what people are paying for on the deep web. The verdict thus far? Overall, drugs on the deep web appear to be of much higher quality than those found on the street.</p>
<pname="5352">“In general, the cocaine is amazing,” says Caudevilla, saying that the samples they’ve seen have purities climbing towards 80 or 90 percent, and some even higher. To get an idea of how unusual this is, take a look at the <ahref="http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr2014/Cocaine_2014_web.pdf"data-href="http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr2014/Cocaine_2014_web.pdf" rel="nofollow">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime World Drug Report 2014</a>, which reports that the average quality of street cocaine in Spain is just over 40 percent, while in the United Kingdom it is closer to 30 percent.“We have found 100 percent [pure] cocaine,” he adds. “That’s really, really strange. That means that, technically, this cocaine has been purified, with clandestine methods.”</p>
<pname="a71c">Naturally, identifying vendors who sell this top-of-the-range stuff is one of the reasons that people have sent samples to Energy Control. Caudevilla was keen to stress that, officially, Energy Control’s service “is not intended to be a control of drug quality,” meaning a vetting process for identifying the best sellers, but that is exactly how some people have been using it.</p>
<pname="cb5b">As one buyer on the Evolution market, elmo666, wrote to me over the site’s messaging system, “My initial motivations were selfish. My primary motivation was to ensure that I was receiving and continue to receive a high quality product, essentially to keep the vendor honest as far as my interactions with them went.”</p>
<pname="d80d">Vendors on deep web markets advertise their product just like any other outlet does, using flash sales, gimmicky giveaways and promises of drugs that are superior to those of their competitors. The claims, however, can turn out to be empty: despite the test results that show that deep web cocaine vendors typically sell product that is of a better quality than that found on the street, in plenty of cases, the drugs are nowhere near as pure as advertised.</p>
<pname="36de">“You won’t be getting anything CLOSE to what you paid for,” one user complained about the cocaine from ‘Mirkov’, a vendor on Evolution. “He sells 65% not 95%.”</p>
<pname="126b"id="126b"class="graf--p">Despite the prevalence of people using the service to gauge the quality of what goes up their nose, many users send samples to Energy Control in the spirit of its original mission: keeping themselves alive and healthy. The worst case scenario from drugs purchased on the deep web is, well the worst case. That was the outcome when <ahref="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/teenager-patrick-mcmullen-who-died-while-on-skype-had-bought-drugs-from-silk-road-8942329.html"data-href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/teenager-patrick-mcmullen-who-died-while-on-skype-had-bought-drugs-from-silk-road-8942329.html"class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor"rel="nofollow">Patrick McMullen,</a> a 17-year-old Scottish student, ingested half a gram of MDMA and three tabs of LSD, reportedly purchased from the Silk Road. While talking to his friends on Skype, his words became slurred and he passed out. Paramedics could not revive him. The coroner for that case, Sherrif Payne, who deemed the cause of death ecstasy toxicity, told <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">The Independent</em> “You never know the purity of what you are taking and you can easily come unstuck.”</p>
<pname="5e9e"id="5e9e"class="graf--p">ScreamMyName, a deep web user who has been active since the original Silk Road, wants to alert users to the dangerous chemicals that are often mixed with drugs, and is using Energy Control as a means to do so.</p>
<pname="19a6"id="19a6"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“We’re at a time where some vendors are outright sending people poison. Some do it unknowingly,” ScreamMyName told me in an encrypted message. “Cocaine production in South America is often tainted with either levamisole or phenacetine. Both poison to humans and both with severe side effects.”</p>
<pname="9fef"id="9fef"class="graf--p">In the case of Levamisole, those prescribing it are often not doctors but veterinarians, as Levamisole is commonly used on animals, primarily for the treatment of worms. If ingested by humans it can lead to cases of extreme eruptions of the skin, as <ahref="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22127712"data-href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22127712" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">documented in a study</a> from researchers at the University of California, San Francisco. But Lladanosa has found Levamisole in cocaine samples; dealers use it to increase the product weight, allowing them to stretch their batch further for greater profit—and also, she says, because Levamisole has a strong stimulant effect.</p>
<pname="7886"id="7886"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“It got me sick as fuck,” Dr. Feel, an Evolution user, wrote on the site’s forums after consuming cocaine that had been cut with 23 percent Levamisole, and later tested by Energy Control. “I was laid up in bed for several days because of that shit. The first night I did it, I thought I was going to die. I nearly drove myself to the ER.”</p>
<pname="18d3"id="18d3"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“More people die because of tainted drugs than the drugs themselves,” Dr. Feel added. “It’s the cuts and adulterants that are making people sick and killing them.”</p>
<pname="126b">Despite the prevalence of people using the service to gauge the quality of what goes up their nose, many users send samples to Energy Control in the spirit of its original mission: keeping themselves alive and healthy. The worst case scenario from drugs purchased on the deep web is, well the worst case. That was the outcome when <ahref="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/teenager-patrick-mcmullen-who-died-while-on-skype-had-bought-drugs-from-silk-road-8942329.html"data-href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/teenager-patrick-mcmullen-who-died-while-on-skype-had-bought-drugs-from-silk-road-8942329.html" rel="nofollow">Patrick McMullen,</a> a 17-year-old Scottish student, ingested half a gram of MDMA and three tabs of LSD, reportedly purchased from the Silk Road. While talking to his friends on Skype, his words became slurred and he passed out. Paramedics could not revive him. The coroner for that case, Sherrif Payne, who deemed the cause of death ecstasy toxicity, told <em>The Independent</em> “You never know the purity of what you are taking and you can easily come unstuck.”</p>
<pname="5e9e">ScreamMyName, a deep web user who has been active since the original Silk Road, wants to alert users to the dangerous chemicals that are often mixed with drugs, and is using Energy Control as a means to do so.</p>
<pname="19a6">“We’re at a time where some vendors are outright sending people poison. Some do it unknowingly,” ScreamMyName told me in an encrypted message. “Cocaine production in South America is often tainted with either levamisole or phenacetine. Both poison to humans and both with severe side effects.”</p>
<pname="9fef">In the case of Levamisole, those prescribing it are often not doctors but veterinarians, as Levamisole is commonly used on animals, primarily for the treatment of worms. If ingested by humans it can lead to cases of extreme eruptions of the skin, as <ahref="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22127712"data-href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22127712" rel="nofollow">documented in a study</a> from researchers at the University of California, San Francisco. But Lladanosa has found Levamisole in cocaine samples; dealers use it to increase the product weight, allowing them to stretch their batch further for greater profit—and also, she says, because Levamisole has a strong stimulant effect.</p>
<pname="7886">“It got me sick as fuck,” Dr. Feel, an Evolution user, wrote on the site’s forums after consuming cocaine that had been cut with 23 percent Levamisole, and later tested by Energy Control. “I was laid up in bed for several days because of that shit. The first night I did it, I thought I was going to die. I nearly drove myself to the ER.”</p>
<pname="18d3">“More people die because of tainted drugs than the drugs themselves,” Dr. Feel added. “It’s the cuts and adulterants that are making people sick and killing them.”</p>
<figcaptionclass="imageCaption">Photo by Joan Bardeletti</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<divclass="section-inner layoutSingleColumn">
<pname="839a"id="839a"class="graf--p">The particular case of cocaine cut with Levamisole is one of the reasons that ScreamMyName has been pushing for more drug testing on the deep web markets. “I recognize that drug use isn’t exactly healthy, but why exacerbate the problem?” he told me when I contacted him after his post. “[Energy Control] provides a way for users to test the drugs they’ll use and for these very users to know what it is they’re putting in their bodies. Such services are in very short supply.”</p>
<pname="18dc"id="18dc"class="graf--p">After sending a number of Energy Control tests himself, ScreamMyName started a de facto crowd-sourcing campaign to get more drugs sent to the lab, and then shared the results, after throwing in some cash to get the ball rolling. <ahref="https://blockchain.info/address/1Mi6VjMFqjcD48FPV7cnPB24MAtQQenRy3"data-href="https://blockchain.info/address/1Mi6VjMFqjcD48FPV7cnPB24MAtQQenRy3" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">He set up a Bitcoin wallet</a>, with the hope that users might chip in to fund further tests. At the time of writing, the wallet has received a total of 1.81 bitcoins; around $430 at today’s exchange rates.</p>
<pname="dcbd"id="dcbd"class="graf--p">In posts to the Evolution community, ScreamMyName pitched this project as something that will benefit users and keep drug dealer honest. “When the funds build up to a point where we can purchase an [Energy Control] test fee, we’ll do a US thread poll for a few days and try to cohesively decide on what vendor to test,” he continued.</p>
<figcaptionclass="imageCaption">Photo by Joan Bardeletti</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<divclass="section-inner layoutSingleColumn">
<pname="bff6"id="bff6"class="graf--p">Other members of the community have been helping out, too. PlutoPete, a vendor from the original Silk Road who sold cannabis seeds and other legal items, has provided ScreamMyName with packaging to safely send the samples to Barcelona. “A box of baggies, and a load of different moisture barrier bags,” PlutoPete told me over the phone. “That’s what all the vendors use.”</p>
<pname="bb78"id="bb78"class="graf--p">It’s a modest program so far. ScreamMyName told me that so far he had gotten enough public funding to purchase five different Energy Control tests, in addition to the ten or so he’s sent himself so far. “The program created is still in its infancy and it is growing and changing as we go along but I have a lot of faith in what we’re doing,” he says.</p>
<pname="5638"id="5638"class="graf--p">But the spirit is contagious: elmo666, the other deep web user testing cocaine, originally kept the results of the drug tests to himself, but he, too, saw a benefit to distributing the data. “It is clear that it is a useful service to other users, keeping vendors honest and drugs (and their users) safe,” he told me. He started to report his findings to others on the forums, and then created a thread with summaries of the test results, as well as comments from the vendors if they provided it. Other users were soon basing their decisions on what to buy on elmo666‘s tests.</p>
<pname="de75"id="de75"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“I’m defo trying the cola based on the incredibly helpful elmo and his energy control results and recommendations,” wrote user jayk1984. On top of this, elmo666 plans to launch an independent site on the deep web that will collate all of these results, which should act as a resource for users of all the marketplaces.</p>
<pname="6b72"id="6b72"class="graf--p">As word of elmo666's efforts spread, he began getting requests from drug dealers who wanted him to use their wares for testing. Clearly, they figured that a positive result from Energy Control would be a fantastic marketing tool to draw more customers. They even offered elmo666 free samples. (He passed.)</p>
<pname="b008"id="b008"class="graf--p">Meanwhile, some in the purchasing community are arguing that those running markets on the deep web should be providing quality control themselves. PlutoPete told me over the phone that he had been in discussions about this with Dread Pirate Roberts, the pseudonymous owner of the original Silk Road site. “We [had been] talking about that on a more organized basis on Silk Road 1, doing lots of anonymous buys to police each category. But of course they took the thing [Silk Road] down before we got it properly off the ground,” he lamented.</p>
<pname="49c8"id="49c8"class="graf--p">But perhaps it is best that the users, those who are actually consuming the drugs, remain in charge of shaming dealers and warning each other. “It’s our responsibility to police the market based on reviews and feedback,” elmo666 wrote in an Evolution forum post. It seems that in the lawless space of the deep web, where everything from child porn to weapons are sold openly, users have cooperated in an organic display of self-regulation to stamp out those particular batches of drugs that are more likely to harm users.</p>
<pname="386d"id="386d"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“That’s always been the case with the deep web,” PlutoPete told me. Indeed, ever since Silk Road, a stable of the drug markets has been the review system, where buyers can leave a rating and feedback for vendors, letting others know about the reliability of the seller. But DoctorX’s lab, rigorously testing the products with scientific instruments, takes it a step further.</p>
<figcaptionclass="imageCaption">Photo by Joan Bardeletti</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<divclass="section-inner layoutSingleColumn">
<pname="b109"id="b109"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“In the white market, they have quality control. In the dark market, it should be the same,” Cristina Gil Lladanosa says to me before I leave the Barcelona lab.</p>
<pname="e3a4"id="e3a4"class="graf--p">A week after I visit the lab, the results of the MDMA arrive in my inbox: it is 85 percent pure, with no indications of other active ingredients. Whoever ordered that sample from the digital shelves of the deep web, and had it shipped to their doorstep in Canada, got hold of some seriously good, and relatively safe drugs. And now they know it.</p>
<pname="839a">The particular case of cocaine cut with Levamisole is one of the reasons that ScreamMyName has been pushing for more drug testing on the deep web markets. “I recognize that drug use isn’t exactly healthy, but why exacerbate the problem?” he told me when I contacted him after his post. “[Energy Control] provides a way for users to test the drugs they’ll use and for these very users to know what it is they’re putting in their bodies. Such services are in very short supply.”</p>
<pname="18dc">After sending a number of Energy Control tests himself, ScreamMyName started a de facto crowd-sourcing campaign to get more drugs sent to the lab, and then shared the results, after throwing in some cash to get the ball rolling. <ahref="https://blockchain.info/address/1Mi6VjMFqjcD48FPV7cnPB24MAtQQenRy3"data-href="https://blockchain.info/address/1Mi6VjMFqjcD48FPV7cnPB24MAtQQenRy3" rel="nofollow">He set up a Bitcoin wallet</a>, with the hope that users might chip in to fund further tests. At the time of writing, the wallet has received a total of 1.81 bitcoins; around $430 at today’s exchange rates.</p>
<pname="dcbd">In posts to the Evolution community, ScreamMyName pitched this project as something that will benefit users and keep drug dealer honest. “When the funds build up to a point where we can purchase an [Energy Control] test fee, we’ll do a US thread poll for a few days and try to cohesively decide on what vendor to test,” he continued.</p>
<pname="bff6">Other members of the community have been helping out, too. PlutoPete, a vendor from the original Silk Road who sold cannabis seeds and other legal items, has provided ScreamMyName with packaging to safely send the samples to Barcelona. “A box of baggies, and a load of different moisture barrier bags,” PlutoPete told me over the phone. “That’s what all the vendors use.”</p>
<pname="bb78">It’s a modest program so far. ScreamMyName told me that so far he had gotten enough public funding to purchase five different Energy Control tests, in addition to the ten or so he’s sent himself so far. “The program created is still in its infancy and it is growing and changing as we go along but I have a lot of faith in what we’re doing,” he says.</p>
<pname="5638">But the spirit is contagious: elmo666, the other deep web user testing cocaine, originally kept the results of the drug tests to himself, but he, too, saw a benefit to distributing the data. “It is clear that it is a useful service to other users, keeping vendors honest and drugs (and their users) safe,” he told me. He started to report his findings to others on the forums, and then created a thread with summaries of the test results, as well as comments from the vendors if they provided it. Other users were soon basing their decisions on what to buy on elmo666‘s tests.</p>
<pname="de75">“I’m defo trying the cola based on the incredibly helpful elmo and his energy control results and recommendations,” wrote user jayk1984. On top of this, elmo666 plans to launch an independent site on the deep web that will collate all of these results, which should act as a resource for users of all the marketplaces.</p>
<pname="6b72">As word of elmo666's efforts spread, he began getting requests from drug dealers who wanted him to use their wares for testing. Clearly, they figured that a positive result from Energy Control would be a fantastic marketing tool to draw more customers. They even offered elmo666 free samples. (He passed.)</p>
<pname="b008">Meanwhile, some in the purchasing community are arguing that those running markets on the deep web should be providing quality control themselves. PlutoPete told me over the phone that he had been in discussions about this with Dread Pirate Roberts, the pseudonymous owner of the original Silk Road site. “We [had been] talking about that on a more organized basis on Silk Road 1, doing lots of anonymous buys to police each category. But of course they took the thing [Silk Road] down before we got it properly off the ground,” he lamented.</p>
<pname="49c8">But perhaps it is best that the users, those who are actually consuming the drugs, remain in charge of shaming dealers and warning each other. “It’s our responsibility to police the market based on reviews and feedback,” elmo666 wrote in an Evolution forum post. It seems that in the lawless space of the deep web, where everything from child porn to weapons are sold openly, users have cooperated in an organic display of self-regulation to stamp out those particular batches of drugs that are more likely to harm users.</p>
<pname="386d">“That’s always been the case with the deep web,” PlutoPete told me. Indeed, ever since Silk Road, a stable of the drug markets has been the review system, where buyers can leave a rating and feedback for vendors, letting others know about the reliability of the seller. But DoctorX’s lab, rigorously testing the products with scientific instruments, takes it a step further.</p>
<pname="b109">“In the white market, they have quality control. In the dark market, it should be the same,” Cristina Gil Lladanosa says to me before I leave the Barcelona lab.</p>
<pname="e3a4">A week after I visit the lab, the results of the MDMA arrive in my inbox: it is 85 percent pure, with no indications of other active ingredients. Whoever ordered that sample from the digital shelves of the deep web, and had it shipped to their doorstep in Canada, got hold of some seriously good, and relatively safe drugs. And now they know it.</p>
<timedatetime="2015-05-04T13:36:31+02:00"itemprop="datePublished">04.05.2015 à 13h36</time> • Mis à jour le
<timedatetime="2015-05-05T20:13:12+02:00"itemprop="dateModified">05.05.2015 à 20h13</time> | <spanclass="signature_article">
Par <spanitemprop="author"class="auteur txt2_120"><aclass="auteur"target="_blank"href="http://fakehost/journaliste/martin-untersinger/">Martin Untersinger</a> (avec Damien Leloup et Morgane Tual)
<timedatetime="2015-05-05T20:13:12+02:00"itemprop="dateModified">05.05.2015 à 20h13</time> | <span>
Par <spanitemprop="author"><atarget="_blank"href="http://fakehost/journaliste/martin-untersinger/">Martin Untersinger</a> (avec Damien Leloup et Morgane Tual)
<p>Les députés ont, sans surprise, adopté à une large majorité (438 contre 86 et 42 abstentions) le projet de loi sur le renseignement défendu par le gouvernement lors d’un vote solennel, mardi 5 mai. Il sera désormais examiné par le Sénat, puis le Conseil constitutionnel, prochainement saisi par 75 députés. Dans un souci d'apaisement, François Hollande avait annoncé par avance qu'il saisirait les Sages.</p>
<p>Pouria Amirshahi, député socialiste des Français de l'étranger qui a également voté contre, a annoncé qu'il transmettrait un « mémorandum argumenté » au Conseil constitutionnel et demanderait à se faire auditionner sur le projet de loi. D'autres députés ont prévu de faire la même démarche.</p>
<p>Ce texte, fortement décrié par la société civile pour son manque de contre-pouvoir et le caractère intrusif des techniques qu’il autorise, entend donner un cadre aux pratiques des services de renseignement, rendant légales certaines pratiques qui, jusqu’à présent, ne l’étaient pas.</p>
<p><u>Retour sur ses principales dispositions, après son passage en commission des lois et après le débat en séance publique.</u></p>
<h2class="intertitre">Définition des objectifs des services</h2>
<h2>Définition des objectifs des services</h2>
<p>Le projet de loi énonce les domaines que peuvent invoquer les services pour justifier leur surveillance. Il s’agit notamment, de manière attendue, de <em>« l’indépendance nationale, de l’intégrité du territoire et de la défense nationale »</em> et de<em> « la prévention du terrorisme »,</em> mais également des <em>« intérêts majeurs de la politique étrangère »,</em> ainsi que de la <em>« prévention des atteintes à la forme républicaine des institutions »</em> et de <em>« la criminalité et de la délinquance organisées »</em>. Des formulations parfois larges qui inquiètent les opposants au texte qui craignent qu’elles puissent permettre de surveiller des activistes ou des manifestants.</p>
<h2class="intertitre">La Commission de contrôle</h2>
<h2>La Commission de contrôle</h2>
<p>Le contrôle de cette surveillance sera confié à une nouvelle autorité administrative indépendante, la Commission nationale de contrôle des techniques de renseignement (CNCTR), composée de six magistrats du Conseil d’Etat et de la Cour de cassation, de trois députés et trois sénateurs de la majorité et de l’opposition, et d’un expert technique. Elle remplacera l’actuelle Commission nationale de contrôle des interceptions de sécurité (CNCIS).</p>
<p>Elle délivrera son avis, sauf cas d’urgence, avant toute opération de surveillance ciblée. Deux types urgences sont prévus par la loi : d’un côté une <em>« urgence absolue »</em>, pour laquelle un agent pourra se passer de l’avis de la CNCTR mais pas de l’autorisation du premier ministre. De l’autre, une urgence opérationnelle extrêmement limitée, notamment en termes de techniques, à l’initiative du chef du service de renseignement, qui se passe de l’avis de la CNCTR. Ces cas d’urgence ne justifieront pas l’intrusion d’un domicile ni la surveillance d’un journaliste, un parlementaire ou un avocat. Dans ces cas, la procédure classique devra s’appliquer.</p>
<p>L’avis de la CNCTR ne sera pas contraignant, mais cette commission pourra saisir le Conseil d’Etat si elle estime que la loi n’est pas respectée et elle disposera de pouvoirs d’enquête. Ce recours juridictionnel est une nouveauté dans le monde du renseignement.</p>
<p>Une des dispositions les plus contestées de ce projet de loi prévoit de pouvoir contraindre les fournisseurs d’accès à Internet (FAI) à « <em>détecter une menace terroriste sur la base d’un traitement automatisé ». </em>Ce dispositif – autorisé par le premier ministre par tranche de quatre mois – permettrait de détecter, en temps réel ou quasi réel, les personnes ayant une activité en ligne typique de « schémas » utilisés par les terroristes pour transmettre des informations.</p>
<p>En pratique, les services de renseignement pourraient installer chez les FAI une « boîte noire » surveillant le trafic. Le contenu des communications – qui resterait « anonyme » – ne serait pas surveillé, mais uniquement les métadonnées : origine ou destinataire d’un message, adresse IP d’un site visité, durée de la conversation ou de la connexion… Ces données ne seraient pas conservées.</p>
<p>La Commission nationale informatique et libertés<strong></strong>(CNIL), qui critique fortement cette disposition. La CNIL soulève notamment que l’anonymat de ces données est très relatif, puisqu’il peut être levé.</p>
<pclass="lire">Lire aussi : <ahref="http://fakehost/pixels/article/2015/03/18/les-critiques-de-la-cnil-contre-le-projet-de-loi-sur-le-renseignement_4595839_4408996.html">Les critiques de la CNIL contre le projet de loi sur le renseignement</a></p>
<p>Lire aussi : <ahref="http://fakehost/pixels/article/2015/03/18/les-critiques-de-la-cnil-contre-le-projet-de-loi-sur-le-renseignement_4595839_4408996.html">Les critiques de la CNIL contre le projet de loi sur le renseignement</a></p>
<p>Le dispositif introduit une forme de « pêche au chalut » – un brassage très large des données des Français à la recherche de quelques individus. Le gouvernement se défend de toute similarité avec les dispositifs mis en place par la NSA américaine, arguant notamment que les données ne seront pas conservées et que cette activité sera contrôlée par une toute nouvelle commission aux moyens largement renforcés. Il s’agit cependant d’un dispositif très large, puisqu’il concernera tous les fournisseurs d’accès à Internet, et donc tous les internautes français.</p>
<h2class="intertitre">L’élargissement de la surveillance électronique pour détecter les « futurs » terroristes</h2>
<h2>L’élargissement de la surveillance électronique pour détecter les « futurs » terroristes</h2>
<p>La surveillance des métadonnées sera aussi utilisée pour tenter de détecter de nouveaux profils de terroristes potentiels, prévoit le projet de loi. Le gouvernement considère qu’il s’agit d’une manière efficace de détecter les profils qui passent aujourd’hui <em>« entre les mailles du filet »</em>, par exemple des personnes parties en Syrie ou en Irak sans qu’aucune activité suspecte n’ait été décelée avant leur départ.</p>
<p>Pour repérer ces personnes, la loi permettra d’étendre la surveillance électronique à toutes les personnes en contact avec des personnes déjà suspectées. En analysant leurs contacts, la fréquence de ces derniers et les modes de communication, les services de renseignement espèrent pouvoir détecter ces nouveaux profils en amont.</p>
<h2class="intertitre">De nouveaux outils et méthodes de collecte</h2>
<h2>De nouveaux outils et méthodes de collecte</h2>
<p>Les services pourront également procéder, après un avis de la CNCTR, à la pose de micros dans une pièce ou de mouchards sur un objet (voiture par exemple), ou à l’intérieur d’un ordinateur. L’utilisation des IMSI-catchers (fausses antennes qui permettent d’intercepter des conversations téléphoniques) est également légalisée, pour les services de renseignement, dans certains cas. Le nombre maximal de ces appareils sera fixé par arrêté du premier ministre après l’avis de la CNCTR.</p>
<p><strong>Lire : <ahref="http://fakehost/pixels/article/2015/03/31/que-sont-les-imsi-catchers-ces-valises-qui-espionnent-les-telephones-portables_4605827_4408996.html">Que sont les IMSI-catchers, ces valises qui espionnent les téléphones portables ?</a></strong></p>
<p>La loi introduit également des mesures de surveillance internationale : concrètement, les procédures de contrôle seront allégées lorsqu’un des « bouts » de la communication sera situé à l’étranger (concrètement, un Français qui parle avec un individu situé à l’étranger). Cependant, comme l’a souligné l’Arcep (l’Autorité de régulation des communications électroniques et des postes), sollicitée pour le versant technique de cette mesure, il est parfois difficile de s’assurer qu’une communication, même passant par l’étranger, ne concerne pas deux Français.</p>
<h2class="intertitre">Un nouveau fichier</h2>
<h2>Un nouveau fichier</h2>
<p>La loi crée un fichier judiciaire national automatisé des auteurs d’infractions terroristes (Fijait), dont les données pourront être conservées pendant vingt ans.</p>
<p>Ce fichier concerne les personnes ayant été condamnées, même si une procédure d’appel est en cours. Les mineurs pourront aussi être inscrits dans ce fichier et leurs données conservées jusqu’à dix ans. L’inscription ne sera pas automatique et se fera sur décision judiciaire. Certaines mises en examen pourront aussi apparaître sur ce fichier. En cas de non-lieu, relaxe, acquittement, amnistie ou réhabilitation, ces informations seront effacées.</p>
<p>Le renseignement pénitentiaire pourra, dans des conditions qui seront fixées par décret, profiter des techniques que légalise le projet de loi pour les services de renseignement. La ministre de la justice, Christiane Taubira, était défavorable à cette disposition, soutenue par le rapporteur du texte, la droite et une partie des députés de gauche. Pour la ministre, cette innovation va dénaturer le renseignement pénitentiaire et le transformer en véritable service de renseignement.</p>
<h2class="intertitre">Conservation des données</h2>
<h2>Conservation des données</h2>
<p>La CNIL <ahref="http://www.cnil.fr/fileadmin/documents/La_CNIL/actualite/Les_propositions_de_la_CNIL_sur_les_evolutions_de_la_loi_Informatique_et_Libertes.pdf">a fait part à plusieurs reprises de sa volonté</a> d’exercer sa mission de contrôle sur les fichiers liés au renseignement, qui seront alimentés par ces collectes. Ces fichiers sont aujourd’hui exclus du périmètre d’action de la CNIL.</p>
<p>La durée de conservation des données collectées – et l’adaptation de cette durée à la technique employée – a par ailleurs été inscrite dans la loi, contrairement au projet initial du gouvernement qui entendait fixer ces limites par décret. Elle pourra aller jusqu’à cinq ans dans le cas des données de connexion.</p>
<h2class="intertitre">Un dispositif pour les lanceurs d’alerte</h2>
<h2>Un dispositif pour les lanceurs d’alerte</h2>
<p>La loi prévoit également une forme de protection pour les agents qui seraient témoins de surveillance illégale. Ces lanceurs d’alerte pourraient solliciter la CNCTR, voire le premier ministre, et leur fournir toutes les pièces utiles. La CNCTR pourra ensuite aviser le procureur de la République et solliciter la Commission consultative du secret de la défense nationale afin que cette dernière <em>« donne au premier ministre son avis sur la possibilité de déclassifier tout ou partie de ces éléments »</em>. Aucune mesure de rétorsion ne pourra viser l’agent qui aurait dénoncé des actes potentiellement illégaux.</p>
<p>Un troisième Français a été tué dans le tremblement de terre samedi au Népal, emporté par une avalanche, <ahref="http://www.liberation.fr/video/2015/04/30/laurent-fabius-plus-de-200-francais-n-ont-pas-ete-retrouves_1278687"target="_blank">a déclaré jeudi le ministre des Affaires étrangères</a>. Les autorités françaises sont toujours sans nouvelles <em>«d’encore plus de 200» </em>personnes. <em>«Pour certains d’entre eux on est très interrogatif»</em>, a ajouté Laurent Fabius. Il accueillait à Roissy un premier avion spécial ramenant des rescapés. <ahref="http://www.liberation.fr/video/2015/04/30/seisme-au-nepal-soulages-mais-inquiets-206-survivants-de-retour-en-france_1278758"target="_blank">L’Airbus A350 affrété par les autorités françaises s’est posé peu avant 5h45</a> avec à son bord 206 passagers, dont 12 enfants et 26 blessés, selon une source du Quai d’Orsay. Quasiment tous sont français, à l’exception d’une quinzaine de ressortissants allemands, suisses, italiens, portugais ou encore turcs. Des psychologues, une équipe médicale et des personnels du centre de crise du Quai d’Orsay les attendent.</p>
<p>L’appareil, mis à disposition par Airbus, était arrivé à Katmandou mercredi matin avec 55 personnels de santé et humanitaires, ainsi que 25 tonnes de matériel (abris, médicaments, aide alimentaire). Un deuxième avion dépêché par Paris, qui était immobilisé aux Emirats depuis mardi avec 20 tonnes de matériel, est arrivé jeudi à Katmandou, <ahref="http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2015/04/29/embouteillages-et-retards-a-l-aeroport-de-katmandou_1276612"target="_blank">dont le petit aéroport est engorgé</a> par le trafic et l’afflux d’aide humanitaire. Il devait lui aussi ramener des Français, <em>«les plus éprouvés»</em> par la catastrophe et les <em>«plus vulnérables (blessés, familles avec enfants)»</em>, selon le ministère des Affaires étrangères.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="58a492029dca5e6a6e481d21b6b2933a"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--hqqO9fze--/n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6.jpg"data-chomp-id="n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--hqqO9fze--/n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6.jpg" class="js_annotatable-image cursor-crosshair"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="a043044f9b3e31fd85568b17e3b1b5f3"class="first-text"><span>We all buy things from time to time that we don't really need. It's okay to appeal to your wants every once in a while, as long as you're in control. If you struggle with clutter, impulse buys, and buyer's remorse, here's how to put your mind in the right place before you even set foot in a store.</span></p>
<div>
<pdata-textannotation-id="58a492029dca5e6a6e481d21b6b2933a"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--hqqO9fze--/n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6.jpg"data-chomp-id="n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--hqqO9fze--/n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="a043044f9b3e31fd85568b17e3b1b5f3"><span>We all buy things from time to time that we don't really need. It's okay to appeal to your wants every once in a while, as long as you're in control. If you struggle with clutter, impulse buys, and buyer's remorse, here's how to put your mind in the right place before you even set foot in a store.</span></p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="e51cbbc52eb8c3b33571908351076cf7"><strong>Understand How Your Own Brain Works Against You</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="268f7702467d33e3b0972dd09f1cf0a6"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--QeUTCiuW--/o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p.jpg"data-chomp-id="o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--QeUTCiuW--/o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p.jpg" class="js_annotatable-image cursor-crosshair"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="268f7702467d33e3b0972dd09f1cf0a6"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--QeUTCiuW--/o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p.jpg"data-chomp-id="o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--QeUTCiuW--/o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="32604538f84919efff270e87b61191a1">It may come as no surprise to learn that stores employ all kinds of tricks to get you to part ways with your cash, and your brain plays right along. Through psychological tricks, product placement, and even color, stores are designed from the ground up to increase spending. We've talked about the biggest things stores do to manipulate your senses, but here are some of the biggest things to look out for:</p>
<ul>
<lidata-textannotation-id="cd748c8b681c781cdd728c5e17b5e05f"><strong>Color:</strong> Stores use color to make products attractive and eye-catching, but they also use color on price labels. Red stands out and can encourage taking action, that's why it's commonly associated with sale signage and advertising. When you see red, remember what they're trying to do to your brain with that color. You don't to buy something just because it's on sale.</li>
@ -12,12 +12,12 @@
<lidata-textannotation-id="05dde4d44056798acff5890759134a64"><strong>Scents and Sounds:</strong> You'll probably hear classic, upbeat tunes when you walk into a store. The upbeat music makes you happy and excited, while playing familiar songs makes you feel comfortable. They also use pleasant smells to put your mind at ease. A happy, comfortable mind at ease is a dangerous combination for your brain when shopping. There's not much you can do to avoid this unless you shop online, but it's good to be aware of it.</li>
</ul>
<pdata-textannotation-id="1eb4a4df2a670927c5d9e9641ebf9d40">And sure, we can blame the stores all we want, but you won't change how they operate—you can only be aware of how your <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/how-stores-manipulate-your-senses-so-you-spend-more-mon-475987594"x-inset="1">brain is falling for their tricks</a>. Even without the stores, <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5968125/how-your-brain-corrupts-your-shopping-choices"x-inset="1">your brain is working against you on its own</a>, thanks to some simple cognitive biases.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="89992f1ca493b248eea6ed1772326c46">For example, confirmation bias makes you only believe the information that conforms to your prior beliefs, while you discount everything else. Advertisers appeal to this bias directly by convincing you one item is better than another with imagery and other tricks, regardless of what hard facts might say. Keep your mind open, do your own research, and accept when you're wrong about a product. The Decoy effect is also a commonly used tactic. You think one product is a deal because it's next to a similar product that's priced way higher. Even if it's a product you need, it's probably not as good of a deal as it looks right then and there. Again, always research beforehand and be on the lookout for this common trick to avoid impulse buys.</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="eedde8c384145f2593efc2a15a4d79de"><strong>Make a List of </strong><em><strong>Everything</strong></em><strong> You Own and Do Some Decluttering</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="8044cf9aab698fd28931acd90ba96f7a"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mlR3Ku0_--/xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae.jpg"data-chomp-id="xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mlR3Ku0_--/xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae.jpg" class="js_annotatable-image cursor-crosshair"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="8044cf9aab698fd28931acd90ba96f7a"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mlR3Ku0_--/xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae.jpg"data-chomp-id="xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mlR3Ku0_--/xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="a2a886d841e5aed848cdf7088edde4ea">Now that you know what you're up against, it's time to start changing the way you think. Before you can stop buying crap you don't need, you need to identify what that crap is. The first step is to make a list of <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/how-to-defeat-the-urge-to-binge-shop-1468216943"x-inset="1">every single thing you own</a>. <strong>Every. Single. Thing</strong>. This might sound extreme, but you need to gather your data so you can start reprogramming your mind.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="bbe57b7aa20b48550e5f66b7c530822c">The purpose of this exercise is twofold: you see what you already have and don't need to ever buy again, and you get to see what you shouldn't have bought in the first place. As you list everything out, separate items into categories. It's extremely important that you are as honest with yourself as possible while you do this. It's also important you actually write this all down or type it all out. Here is the first set of categories to separate everything into:</p>
<ul>
<lidata-textannotation-id="8d7dc912152eddd0e3d56e28ad79e6f2"><strong>Need:</strong> You absolutely need this item to get by on a day to day basis.</li>
@ -34,19 +34,19 @@
<pdata-textannotation-id="816cd504161fecc6f3e173779b33d5db">Remember to be honest and adjust your lists accordingly. There's nothing wrong with keeping things you wanted. Material items can <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/how-to-buy-happiness-the-purchases-most-likely-to-brin-1681780686">bring happiness to many people</a>, but make sure the items on your "want" list actively provide you joy and are being used. If an item doesn't get much use or doesn't make you happy, add it to the "crap" list.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="675103d9c0da55e95f93c53bb019f864">Once you have everything organized, it's time to do some serious decluttering. This listing exercise should get you started, but there are <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5957609/how-to-kick-your-clutter-habit-and-live-in-a-clean-house-once-and-for-all">a lot of other great ideas</a> when it comes to ditching the junk you don't need. Regardless, everything on your "crap" list needs to go. You can donate it, sell it at a yard sale, give it away to people know, whatever you like. Before you get rid of everything, though, take a picture of all your stuff together. Print out or save the picture somewhere. Some of it was probably gifts, but in general, this is all the crap you bought that you don't need. Take a good look and remember it.</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="f15ab0a628b159459f095f04fef851ba"><strong>See How Much Money and Time You Spent on the Stuff You Threw Out</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="bc2f55587bf4ab07a1852a8d26217233"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--Tacb0tyW--/qodag11euf2npkawkn9v.jpg"data-chomp-id="qodag11euf2npkawkn9v"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--Tacb0tyW--/qodag11euf2npkawkn9v.jpg" class="js_annotatable-image cursor-crosshair"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="bc2f55587bf4ab07a1852a8d26217233"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--Tacb0tyW--/qodag11euf2npkawkn9v.jpg"data-chomp-id="qodag11euf2npkawkn9v"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--Tacb0tyW--/qodag11euf2npkawkn9v.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="95ab4fe30c3ade42a8011966ea54aa0b">Now take a look at your "crap" list again and start calculating how much you spent on all of it. If it was a gift, mark it as $0. Otherwise, figure out the price of the item at the time you bought it. If you got a deal or bought it on sale it's okay to factor that in, but try to be as accurate as possible. Once you have the price for each item, add it all together. Depending on your spending habits this could possibly be in the hundreds to thousands of dollars. Remember the picture you took of all this stuff? Attach the total cost to the picture so you can see both at the same time.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="f654efec679064b15826d8ee20bc94e4">With the money cost figured out, you should take a look at the other costs too. Time is a resource just like any other, and it's a finite one. What kind of time did you pour into these things? Consider the time you spent acquiring and using these items, then write it all down. These can be rough estimations, but go ahead and add it all up when you think you've got it. Now attach the total time to same picture as before and think of the other ways you could have spent all that time. This isn't to make you feel bad about yourself, just to deliver information to your brain in an easy-to-understand form. When you look at it all like this, it can open your eyes a little more, and help you think about purchases in the future. You'll look at an item and ask yourself, "Will this just end up in the picture?"</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="6342bf7f15d9eddd21489c23e51ca434"><strong>List Every Non-Material Thing In Your Life that Makes You Happy</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="bafeac1c3808e0d2900190979f058b2c"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--x9hLbIKJ--/imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh.jpg"data-chomp-id="imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--x9hLbIKJ--/imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh.jpg" class="js_annotatable-image cursor-crosshair"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="bafeac1c3808e0d2900190979f058b2c"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--x9hLbIKJ--/imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh.jpg"data-chomp-id="imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--x9hLbIKJ--/imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="4bd8fbaabb33ff1cb5dc93c16e1f83cc">Now it's time to make a different list. While material items may bring plenty of joy, the things in your life that make you happiest probably can't be bought. Get a separate piece of paper or create a new document and list out everything in your life that makes you happy. If you can't buy it, it's eligible for the list. It doesn't matter if it only makes you crack a smile or makes you jump for joy, list it out. </p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="104a646a62ad7a0cfb4e3ff086185fdc"><span>These are probably the things that actually make you want to get out of bed in the morning and keep on keepin' on. Once you have it all down, put it in your purse or wallet. The next time you feel the urge to buy something, whip this list out first and remind yourself why you probably don't need it.</span></p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="532cf992ff45d52de501c1a8f80fc152"><strong>Spend Some Time Away from Material Things to Gain Perspective</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="64f5c7155ad89bd2835399d33c1ae28a"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--6NwBgQLy--/afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct.jpg"data-chomp-id="afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--6NwBgQLy--/afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct.jpg" class="js_annotatable-image cursor-crosshair"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="64f5c7155ad89bd2835399d33c1ae28a"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--6NwBgQLy--/afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct.jpg"data-chomp-id="afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--6NwBgQLy--/afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="84554492c487779e921b98fb64222177">If you're having a really hard time with your spending, it can help to get away from material objects completely. When you're constantly surrounded by stuff and have access to buying things at all times, it can be really tough to break the habit. Spend a day in the park enjoying the sights and sounds of the outdoors, go camping with some friends, or hike a trail you haven't been on before. </p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="b44add1c7b690705d672186e3a9604b6">Essentially, you want to show yourself that you don't need your "things" to have a good time. When you realize how much fun you can have without all the trinkets and trivets, you'll start to shut down your desire to buy them. If you can't get really get away right now, just go for a walk without your purse or wallet (but carry your ID). If you can't buy anything, you'll be forced to experience things a different way.</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="98c11bebae0bbcdbe8411df0186d6465"><strong>Develop a Personal "Should I Buy This?" Test</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="ff438b878771354bb7f6d065ff50dbb2"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--ciqk42G0--/s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod.jpg"data-chomp-id="s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--ciqk42G0--/s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod.jpg" class="js_annotatable-image cursor-crosshair"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="ff438b878771354bb7f6d065ff50dbb2"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--ciqk42G0--/s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod.jpg"data-chomp-id="s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--ciqk42G0--/s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="4af04ae83f18d9c37da21527bcd4a290">If you don't have a personal "should I buy this?" test, now's the perfect time to make one. When you find an item you think you need or want, it has to pass all of the questions you have on your test before you can buy it. Here's where you can use all of the data you've gathered so far and put it to really good use. The test should be personalized to your own buying habits, but here are some example questions:</p>
<ul>
<lidata-textannotation-id="fcfd78b1619bdf0b7330f4b40efb899d">Is this a planned purchase?</li>
@ -57,23 +57,23 @@
</ul>
<pdata-textannotation-id="0162d779382cdc7de908fc1488af3940">Custom build your test to hit all of your weaknesses. If you make a lot of impulse buys, include questions that address that. If you experience a lot of buyer's remorse, include a lot of questions that make you think about the use of item after you buy it. If buying the latest and greatest technology is your weakness, Joshua Becker at Becoming Minimalist suggests you ask yourself <atarget="_blank"href="http://www.becomingminimalist.com/marriage-hacks/">what problem the piece of tech solves</a>. If you can't think of anything it solves or if you already have something that solves it, you don't need it. Be thorough and build a test that you can run through your mind every time you consider buying something.</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="c0ed0882675acc340dcd88e13ca514b3"><strong>Learn to Delay Gratification and Destroy the Urge to Impulse Buy</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="1d43712fc5ce8f156e4661cca5750575"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mtob1sjR--/y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye.jpg"data-chomp-id="y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mtob1sjR--/y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye.jpg" class="js_annotatable-image cursor-crosshair"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="1d43712fc5ce8f156e4661cca5750575"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mtob1sjR--/y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye.jpg"data-chomp-id="y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mtob1sjR--/y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="3d8086719c5da749f877629d498ccab9">When it comes to the unnecessary crap we buy, impulse purchases probably make up a good deal of them. We love to feel gratification instantly and impulse buys appeal to that with a rush of excitement with each new purchase. We like to believe that we have control over our impulses all the time, but we really don't, and that's a major problem for the ol' wallet.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="620ca9836425e09ec7fa50bfad204665">The key is teaching your brain that it's okay to <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/overcome-the-need-for-instant-gratification-by-delaying-1636938356">wait for gratification</a>. You can do this with a simple time out every time you want something. Look at whatever you're thinking of buying, go through your personal "should I buy this?" test, and then walk away for a little while. Planning your purchases ahead is ideal, so the longer you can hold off, the better. Set yourself a reminder to check on the item <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5859632/buyers-remorse-is-inevitable-how-to-make-purchases-you-really-wont-regret">a week or month down the line</a>. When you come back to it, you may find that you don't even want it, just the gratification that would come with it. If you're shopping online, you can do the same thing. Walk away from your desk or put your phone in your pocket and do something else for a little while.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="a85d9eb501c898234ac5df2a56c50a13">You can also avoid online impulse purchases by <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5919833/how-to-avoid-impulse-purchases-in-the-internet-shopping-age"x-inset="1">making it harder to do</a>. Block shopping web sites during time periods you know you're at your weakest, or remove all of your saved credit card or Paypal information. You can also <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5569035/practice-the-halt-method-to-curb-impulse-purchases"x-inset="1">practice the "HALT" method</a> when you're shopping online or in a store. Try not to buy things when you're Hungry, Angry, Lonely, or Tired because you're at your weakest state mentally. Last, but not least, the "<ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5320196/use-the-stranger-test-to-reduce-impulse-purchases"x-inset="1">stranger test</a>" can help you weed out bad purchases too.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="27385752c06848647540ad931892b21e">The last thing you should consider when it comes to impulse buys is "artificial replacement." As Trent Hamm at The Simple Dollar explains, artificial replacement can happen when you start to <atarget="_blank"href="http://www.thesimpledollar.com/balancing-spending-and-time-how-time-frugality-can-save-you-lots-of-cash/">reduce the time</a> you get with your main interests:</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="7b98c5809df24dd04bb65285878c0335">Whenever I consistently cut quality time for my main interests out of my life, I start to long for them. As you saw in that "typical" day, I do make room for spending time with my family, but my other two main interests are absent. If that happens too many days in a row, I start to really miss reading. I start to really miss playing thoughtful board games with friends. What happens after that? <strong>I start to substitute.</strong> When I don't have the opportunity to sit down for an hour or even for half an hour and really get lost in a book, I start looking for an alternative way to fill in the tiny slices of time that I do have. I'll spend money.</p>
</blockquote>
<pdata-textannotation-id="4b6cc2900ffacd3daef54b13b4caceac">You probably have things in your life that provide plenty of gratification, so don't get caught substituting it with impulse buys. Always make sure you keep yourself happy with plenty of time doing the things you like to do and you won't be subconsciously trying to fill that void with useless crap.</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="aed9b435c4ed23e573c453ceeb34ed18"><strong>Turn the Money You Save Into More Money</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="21154394d63f1943d01f2b717aa31115"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--4Ajak63w--/atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw.jpg"data-chomp-id="atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--4Ajak63w--/atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw.jpg" class="js_annotatable-image cursor-crosshair"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="21154394d63f1943d01f2b717aa31115"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--4Ajak63w--/atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw.jpg"data-chomp-id="atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--4Ajak63w--/atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="6141942e977cc058fd7a0fa06a3f7389">Once you've programmed your mind to stop buying crap you don't need, you'll have some extra cash to play with. Take all that money and start putting it toward your future and things you <em>will</em> need further down the road. You might need <atarget="_blank"href="http://twocents.lifehacker.com/how-to-start-saving-for-a-home-down-payment-1541254056">a home</a>, a vehicle, or a way to retire, but none of that can happen until you start planning for it. </p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="90f08afddc08e2c3b45c266f2e6965ec">Start by paying off any debts you already have. Credit cards, student loans, and even car payments can force you to <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/how-to-break-the-living-paycheck-to-paycheck-cycle-1445330680">live paycheck to paycheck</a>. Use the <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5940989/pay-off-small-balances-first-for-better-odds-of-eliminating-all-your-debt">snowball method</a> and pay off some small balances to make you feel motivated, then start taking out your debt in full force with the <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/how-to-pay-off-your-debt-using-the-stack-method-576070292">stacking method</a>: stop creating new debt, determine which balances have the highest interest rates, and create a payment schedule to pay them off efficiently.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="1106cb837deb2b6fc8e28ba98f078c27">With your debts whittled down, you should start an emergency fund. No matter how well you plan things, accidents and health emergencies can still happen. An emergency fund is designed to make those kinds of events more manageable. This type of savings account is strictly for when life throws you a curveball, but you can grow one pretty easily <atarget="_blank"href="http://twocents.lifehacker.com/how-to-grow-an-emergency-fund-from-modest-savings-1638409351">with only modest savings</a>.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="347c2a36f114a794d559d929da1b15b7">When you've paid off your debt and prepared yourself for troubled times, you can start saving for the big stuff. All that money you're not spending on crap anymore can be saved, invested, and compounded to let you buy comfort and security. If you don't know where to start, talk to a financial planner. Or create a simple, yet effective <atarget="_blank"href="http://twocents.lifehacker.com/how-to-build-an-easy-beginner-set-and-forget-investm-1686878594"x-inset="1">"set and forget" investment portfolio</a>. You've worked hard to reprogram your mind, so make sure you reap the benefits for many years to come.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="58a492029dca5e6a6e481d21b6b2933a"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--hqqO9fze--/n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6.jpg"data-chomp-id="n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--hqqO9fze--/n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="a043044f9b3e31fd85568b17e3b1b5f3"class="first-text"><span>We all buy things from time to time that we don't really need. It's okay to appeal to your wants every once in a while, as long as you're in control. If you struggle with clutter, impulse buys, and buyer's remorse, here's how to put your mind in the right place before you even set foot in a store.</span></p>
<div>
<pdata-textannotation-id="58a492029dca5e6a6e481d21b6b2933a"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--hqqO9fze--/n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6.jpg"data-chomp-id="n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--hqqO9fze--/n1s6c2m6kc07iqdyllj6.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="a043044f9b3e31fd85568b17e3b1b5f3"><span>We all buy things from time to time that we don't really need. It's okay to appeal to your wants every once in a while, as long as you're in control. If you struggle with clutter, impulse buys, and buyer's remorse, here's how to put your mind in the right place before you even set foot in a store.</span></p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="e51cbbc52eb8c3b33571908351076cf7"><strong>Understand How Your Own Brain Works Against You</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="268f7702467d33e3b0972dd09f1cf0a6"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--QeUTCiuW--/o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p.jpg"data-chomp-id="o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--QeUTCiuW--/o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="268f7702467d33e3b0972dd09f1cf0a6"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--QeUTCiuW--/o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p.jpg"data-chomp-id="o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--QeUTCiuW--/o4dpyrcbiqyfrc3bxx6p.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="32604538f84919efff270e87b61191a1">It may come as no surprise to learn that stores employ all kinds of tricks to get you to part ways with your cash, and your brain plays right along. Through psychological tricks, product placement, and even color, stores are designed from the ground up to increase spending. We've talked about the biggest things stores do to manipulate your senses, but here are some of the biggest things to look out for:</p>
<ul>
<lidata-textannotation-id="cd748c8b681c781cdd728c5e17b5e05f"><strong>Color:</strong> Stores use color to make products attractive and eye-catching, but they also use color on price labels. Red stands out and can encourage taking action, that's why it's commonly associated with sale signage and advertising. When you see red, remember what they're trying to do to your brain with that color. You don't to buy something just because it's on sale.</li>
@ -12,12 +12,12 @@
<lidata-textannotation-id="05dde4d44056798acff5890759134a64"><strong>Scents and Sounds:</strong> You'll probably hear classic, upbeat tunes when you walk into a store. The upbeat music makes you happy and excited, while playing familiar songs makes you feel comfortable. They also use pleasant smells to put your mind at ease. A happy, comfortable mind at ease is a dangerous combination for your brain when shopping. There's not much you can do to avoid this unless you shop online, but it's good to be aware of it.</li>
</ul>
<pdata-textannotation-id="1eb4a4df2a670927c5d9e9641ebf9d40">And sure, we can blame the stores all we want, but you won't change how they operate—you can only be aware of how your <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/how-stores-manipulate-your-senses-so-you-spend-more-mon-475987594"x-inset="1">brain is falling for their tricks</a>. Even without the stores, <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5968125/how-your-brain-corrupts-your-shopping-choices"x-inset="1">your brain is working against you on its own</a>, thanks to some simple cognitive biases.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="89992f1ca493b248eea6ed1772326c46">For example, confirmation bias makes you only believe the information that conforms to your prior beliefs, while you discount everything else. Advertisers appeal to this bias directly by convincing you one item is better than another with imagery and other tricks, regardless of what hard facts might say. Keep your mind open, do your own research, and accept when you're wrong about a product. The Decoy effect is also a commonly used tactic. You think one product is a deal because it's next to a similar product that's priced way higher. Even if it's a product you need, it's probably not as good of a deal as it looks right then and there. Again, always research beforehand and be on the lookout for this common trick to avoid impulse buys.</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="eedde8c384145f2593efc2a15a4d79de"><strong>Make a List of </strong><em><strong>Everything</strong></em><strong> You Own and Do Some Decluttering</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="8044cf9aab698fd28931acd90ba96f7a"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mlR3Ku0_--/xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae.jpg"data-chomp-id="xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mlR3Ku0_--/xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="8044cf9aab698fd28931acd90ba96f7a"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mlR3Ku0_--/xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae.jpg"data-chomp-id="xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mlR3Ku0_--/xrhkwleyurcizy4akiae.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="a2a886d841e5aed848cdf7088edde4ea">Now that you know what you're up against, it's time to start changing the way you think. Before you can stop buying crap you don't need, you need to identify what that crap is. The first step is to make a list of <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/how-to-defeat-the-urge-to-binge-shop-1468216943"x-inset="1">every single thing you own</a>. <strong>Every. Single. Thing</strong>. This might sound extreme, but you need to gather your data so you can start reprogramming your mind.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="bbe57b7aa20b48550e5f66b7c530822c">The purpose of this exercise is twofold: you see what you already have and don't need to ever buy again, and you get to see what you shouldn't have bought in the first place. As you list everything out, separate items into categories. It's extremely important that you are as honest with yourself as possible while you do this. It's also important you actually write this all down or type it all out. Here is the first set of categories to separate everything into:</p>
<ul>
<lidata-textannotation-id="8d7dc912152eddd0e3d56e28ad79e6f2"><strong>Need:</strong> You absolutely need this item to get by on a day to day basis.</li>
@ -34,19 +34,19 @@
<pdata-textannotation-id="816cd504161fecc6f3e173779b33d5db">Remember to be honest and adjust your lists accordingly. There's nothing wrong with keeping things you wanted. Material items can <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/how-to-buy-happiness-the-purchases-most-likely-to-brin-1681780686">bring happiness to many people</a>, but make sure the items on your "want" list actively provide you joy and are being used. If an item doesn't get much use or doesn't make you happy, add it to the "crap" list.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="675103d9c0da55e95f93c53bb019f864">Once you have everything organized, it's time to do some serious decluttering. This listing exercise should get you started, but there are <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5957609/how-to-kick-your-clutter-habit-and-live-in-a-clean-house-once-and-for-all">a lot of other great ideas</a> when it comes to ditching the junk you don't need. Regardless, everything on your "crap" list needs to go. You can donate it, sell it at a yard sale, give it away to people know, whatever you like. Before you get rid of everything, though, take a picture of all your stuff together. Print out or save the picture somewhere. Some of it was probably gifts, but in general, this is all the crap you bought that you don't need. Take a good look and remember it.</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="f15ab0a628b159459f095f04fef851ba"><strong>See How Much Money and Time You Spent on the Stuff You Threw Out</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="bc2f55587bf4ab07a1852a8d26217233"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--Tacb0tyW--/qodag11euf2npkawkn9v.jpg"data-chomp-id="qodag11euf2npkawkn9v"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--Tacb0tyW--/qodag11euf2npkawkn9v.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="bc2f55587bf4ab07a1852a8d26217233"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--Tacb0tyW--/qodag11euf2npkawkn9v.jpg"data-chomp-id="qodag11euf2npkawkn9v"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--Tacb0tyW--/qodag11euf2npkawkn9v.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="95ab4fe30c3ade42a8011966ea54aa0b">Now take a look at your "crap" list again and start calculating how much you spent on all of it. If it was a gift, mark it as $0. Otherwise, figure out the price of the item at the time you bought it. If you got a deal or bought it on sale it's okay to factor that in, but try to be as accurate as possible. Once you have the price for each item, add it all together. Depending on your spending habits this could possibly be in the hundreds to thousands of dollars. Remember the picture you took of all this stuff? Attach the total cost to the picture so you can see both at the same time.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="f654efec679064b15826d8ee20bc94e4">With the money cost figured out, you should take a look at the other costs too. Time is a resource just like any other, and it's a finite one. What kind of time did you pour into these things? Consider the time you spent acquiring and using these items, then write it all down. These can be rough estimations, but go ahead and add it all up when you think you've got it. Now attach the total time to same picture as before and think of the other ways you could have spent all that time. This isn't to make you feel bad about yourself, just to deliver information to your brain in an easy-to-understand form. When you look at it all like this, it can open your eyes a little more, and help you think about purchases in the future. You'll look at an item and ask yourself, "Will this just end up in the picture?"</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="6342bf7f15d9eddd21489c23e51ca434"><strong>List Every Non-Material Thing In Your Life that Makes You Happy</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="bafeac1c3808e0d2900190979f058b2c"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--x9hLbIKJ--/imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh.jpg"data-chomp-id="imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--x9hLbIKJ--/imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="bafeac1c3808e0d2900190979f058b2c"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--x9hLbIKJ--/imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh.jpg"data-chomp-id="imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--x9hLbIKJ--/imfc9ybqfw0jmztbhfrh.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="4bd8fbaabb33ff1cb5dc93c16e1f83cc">Now it's time to make a different list. While material items may bring plenty of joy, the things in your life that make you happiest probably can't be bought. Get a separate piece of paper or create a new document and list out everything in your life that makes you happy. If you can't buy it, it's eligible for the list. It doesn't matter if it only makes you crack a smile or makes you jump for joy, list it out. </p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="104a646a62ad7a0cfb4e3ff086185fdc"><span>These are probably the things that actually make you want to get out of bed in the morning and keep on keepin' on. Once you have it all down, put it in your purse or wallet. The next time you feel the urge to buy something, whip this list out first and remind yourself why you probably don't need it.</span></p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="532cf992ff45d52de501c1a8f80fc152"><strong>Spend Some Time Away from Material Things to Gain Perspective</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="64f5c7155ad89bd2835399d33c1ae28a"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--6NwBgQLy--/afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct.jpg"data-chomp-id="afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--6NwBgQLy--/afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="64f5c7155ad89bd2835399d33c1ae28a"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--6NwBgQLy--/afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct.jpg"data-chomp-id="afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--6NwBgQLy--/afy7n45jfvsjdmmhonct.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="84554492c487779e921b98fb64222177">If you're having a really hard time with your spending, it can help to get away from material objects completely. When you're constantly surrounded by stuff and have access to buying things at all times, it can be really tough to break the habit. Spend a day in the park enjoying the sights and sounds of the outdoors, go camping with some friends, or hike a trail you haven't been on before. </p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="b44add1c7b690705d672186e3a9604b6">Essentially, you want to show yourself that you don't need your "things" to have a good time. When you realize how much fun you can have without all the trinkets and trivets, you'll start to shut down your desire to buy them. If you can't get really get away right now, just go for a walk without your purse or wallet (but carry your ID). If you can't buy anything, you'll be forced to experience things a different way.</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="98c11bebae0bbcdbe8411df0186d6465"><strong>Develop a Personal "Should I Buy This?" Test</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="ff438b878771354bb7f6d065ff50dbb2"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--ciqk42G0--/s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod.jpg"data-chomp-id="s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--ciqk42G0--/s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="ff438b878771354bb7f6d065ff50dbb2"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--ciqk42G0--/s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod.jpg"data-chomp-id="s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--ciqk42G0--/s3pq8vjrvyjgne4lfsod.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="4af04ae83f18d9c37da21527bcd4a290">If you don't have a personal "should I buy this?" test, now's the perfect time to make one. When you find an item you think you need or want, it has to pass all of the questions you have on your test before you can buy it. Here's where you can use all of the data you've gathered so far and put it to really good use. The test should be personalized to your own buying habits, but here are some example questions:</p>
<ul>
<lidata-textannotation-id="fcfd78b1619bdf0b7330f4b40efb899d">Is this a planned purchase?</li>
@ -57,23 +57,23 @@
</ul>
<pdata-textannotation-id="0162d779382cdc7de908fc1488af3940">Custom build your test to hit all of your weaknesses. If you make a lot of impulse buys, include questions that address that. If you experience a lot of buyer's remorse, include a lot of questions that make you think about the use of item after you buy it. If buying the latest and greatest technology is your weakness, Joshua Becker at Becoming Minimalist suggests you ask yourself <atarget="_blank"href="http://www.becomingminimalist.com/marriage-hacks/">what problem the piece of tech solves</a>. If you can't think of anything it solves or if you already have something that solves it, you don't need it. Be thorough and build a test that you can run through your mind every time you consider buying something.</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="c0ed0882675acc340dcd88e13ca514b3"><strong>Learn to Delay Gratification and Destroy the Urge to Impulse Buy</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="1d43712fc5ce8f156e4661cca5750575"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mtob1sjR--/y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye.jpg"data-chomp-id="y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mtob1sjR--/y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="1d43712fc5ce8f156e4661cca5750575"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mtob1sjR--/y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye.jpg"data-chomp-id="y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--mtob1sjR--/y2ldv5eufb3jcrtfouye.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="3d8086719c5da749f877629d498ccab9">When it comes to the unnecessary crap we buy, impulse purchases probably make up a good deal of them. We love to feel gratification instantly and impulse buys appeal to that with a rush of excitement with each new purchase. We like to believe that we have control over our impulses all the time, but we really don't, and that's a major problem for the ol' wallet.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="620ca9836425e09ec7fa50bfad204665">The key is teaching your brain that it's okay to <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/overcome-the-need-for-instant-gratification-by-delaying-1636938356">wait for gratification</a>. You can do this with a simple time out every time you want something. Look at whatever you're thinking of buying, go through your personal "should I buy this?" test, and then walk away for a little while. Planning your purchases ahead is ideal, so the longer you can hold off, the better. Set yourself a reminder to check on the item <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5859632/buyers-remorse-is-inevitable-how-to-make-purchases-you-really-wont-regret">a week or month down the line</a>. When you come back to it, you may find that you don't even want it, just the gratification that would come with it. If you're shopping online, you can do the same thing. Walk away from your desk or put your phone in your pocket and do something else for a little while.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="a85d9eb501c898234ac5df2a56c50a13">You can also avoid online impulse purchases by <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5919833/how-to-avoid-impulse-purchases-in-the-internet-shopping-age"x-inset="1">making it harder to do</a>. Block shopping web sites during time periods you know you're at your weakest, or remove all of your saved credit card or Paypal information. You can also <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5569035/practice-the-halt-method-to-curb-impulse-purchases"x-inset="1">practice the "HALT" method</a> when you're shopping online or in a store. Try not to buy things when you're Hungry, Angry, Lonely, or Tired because you're at your weakest state mentally. Last, but not least, the "<ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5320196/use-the-stranger-test-to-reduce-impulse-purchases"x-inset="1">stranger test</a>" can help you weed out bad purchases too.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="27385752c06848647540ad931892b21e">The last thing you should consider when it comes to impulse buys is "artificial replacement." As Trent Hamm at The Simple Dollar explains, artificial replacement can happen when you start to <atarget="_blank"href="http://www.thesimpledollar.com/balancing-spending-and-time-how-time-frugality-can-save-you-lots-of-cash/">reduce the time</a> you get with your main interests:</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="7b98c5809df24dd04bb65285878c0335">Whenever I consistently cut quality time for my main interests out of my life, I start to long for them. As you saw in that "typical" day, I do make room for spending time with my family, but my other two main interests are absent. If that happens too many days in a row, I start to really miss reading. I start to really miss playing thoughtful board games with friends. What happens after that? <strong>I start to substitute.</strong> When I don't have the opportunity to sit down for an hour or even for half an hour and really get lost in a book, I start looking for an alternative way to fill in the tiny slices of time that I do have. I'll spend money.</p>
</blockquote>
<pdata-textannotation-id="4b6cc2900ffacd3daef54b13b4caceac">You probably have things in your life that provide plenty of gratification, so don't get caught substituting it with impulse buys. Always make sure you keep yourself happy with plenty of time doing the things you like to do and you won't be subconsciously trying to fill that void with useless crap.</p>
<h3data-textannotation-id="aed9b435c4ed23e573c453ceeb34ed18"><strong>Turn the Money You Save Into More Money</strong></h3>
<pdata-textannotation-id="21154394d63f1943d01f2b717aa31115"class="has-media media-640"><spanclass="img-border"><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--4Ajak63w--/atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw.jpg"data-chomp-id="atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--4Ajak63w--/atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="21154394d63f1943d01f2b717aa31115"><span><imgwidth="636"height="358"data-format="jpg"data-asset-url="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--4Ajak63w--/atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw.jpg"data-chomp-id="atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw"alt="How to Program Your Mind to Stop Buying Crap You Don’t Need"src="http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/s--4Ajak63w--/atb9qm07fvvg7hqkumkw.jpg"/></span></p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="6141942e977cc058fd7a0fa06a3f7389">Once you've programmed your mind to stop buying crap you don't need, you'll have some extra cash to play with. Take all that money and start putting it toward your future and things you <em>will</em> need further down the road. You might need <atarget="_blank"href="http://twocents.lifehacker.com/how-to-start-saving-for-a-home-down-payment-1541254056">a home</a>, a vehicle, or a way to retire, but none of that can happen until you start planning for it. </p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="90f08afddc08e2c3b45c266f2e6965ec">Start by paying off any debts you already have. Credit cards, student loans, and even car payments can force you to <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/how-to-break-the-living-paycheck-to-paycheck-cycle-1445330680">live paycheck to paycheck</a>. Use the <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/5940989/pay-off-small-balances-first-for-better-odds-of-eliminating-all-your-debt">snowball method</a> and pay off some small balances to make you feel motivated, then start taking out your debt in full force with the <ahref="http://lifehacker.com/how-to-pay-off-your-debt-using-the-stack-method-576070292">stacking method</a>: stop creating new debt, determine which balances have the highest interest rates, and create a payment schedule to pay them off efficiently.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="1106cb837deb2b6fc8e28ba98f078c27">With your debts whittled down, you should start an emergency fund. No matter how well you plan things, accidents and health emergencies can still happen. An emergency fund is designed to make those kinds of events more manageable. This type of savings account is strictly for when life throws you a curveball, but you can grow one pretty easily <atarget="_blank"href="http://twocents.lifehacker.com/how-to-grow-an-emergency-fund-from-modest-savings-1638409351">with only modest savings</a>.</p>
<pdata-textannotation-id="347c2a36f114a794d559d929da1b15b7">When you've paid off your debt and prepared yourself for troubled times, you can start saving for the big stuff. All that money you're not spending on crap anymore can be saved, invested, and compounded to let you buy comfort and security. If you don't know where to start, talk to a financial planner. Or create a simple, yet effective <atarget="_blank"href="http://twocents.lifehacker.com/how-to-build-an-easy-beginner-set-and-forget-investm-1686878594"x-inset="1">"set and forget" investment portfolio</a>. You've worked hard to reprogram your mind, so make sure you reap the benefits for many years to come.</p>
<p><em>Posted by Andrew Hayden, Software Engineer on Google Play</em></p>
<p> Android users are downloading tens of billions of apps and games on Google Play. We're also seeing developers update their apps frequently in order to provide users with great content, improve security, and enhance the overall user experience. It takes a lot of data to download these updates and we know users care about how much data their devices are using. Earlier this year, we announced that we started using <ahref="https://android-developers.blogspot.com/2016/07/improvements-for-smaller-app-downloads.html">the
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ patching</a></strong>. App Updates using File-by-File patching are, <strong>on a
patching </span></strong></p>
<p> Android apps are packaged as APKs, which are ZIP files with special conventions. Most of the content within the ZIP files (and APKs) is compressed using a technology called <ahref="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DEFLATE&oldid=735386036">Deflate</a>. Deflate is really good at compressing data but it has a drawback: it makes identifying changes in the original (uncompressed) content really hard. Even a tiny change to the original content (like changing one word in a book) can make the compressed output of deflate look <em>completely different</em>. Describing the differences between the <em>original</em> content is easy, but describing the differences between the <em>compressed</em> content is so hard that it leads to inefficient patches. </p>
<p> Watch how much the compressed text on the right side changes from a one-letter change in the uncompressed text on the left: </p>
<p> File-by-File therefore is based on detecting changes in the uncompressed data. To generate a patch, we first decompress both old and new files before computing the delta (we still use bsdiff here). Then to apply the patch, we decompress the old file, apply the delta to the uncompressed content and then recompress the new file. In doing so, we need to make sure that the APK on your device is a perfect match, byte for byte, to the one on the Play Store (see <ahref="https://source.android.com/security/apksigning/v2.html">APK Signature
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ Patching?</span></strong> </p>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><spanid="docs-internal-guid-de7f0210-d587-05da-d332-146959aa303f"></span><br/></div><em>Disclaimer: if you see different patch sizes when you press "update"
</div><span></span><br/></div><em>Disclaimer: if you see different patch sizes when you press "update"
manually, that is because we are not currently using File-by-file for
interactive updates, only those done in the background.</em>
project</a> where you can find information, including the source code. Yes, File-by-File patching is completely open-source! </p>
<p> As a developer if you're interested in reducing your APK size still further, here are some <ahref="https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/reduce-apk-size.html?utm_campaign=android_discussion_filebyfile_120616&utm_source=anddev&utm_medium=blog">general
<h2class="SummaryHL"><ahref="http://fakehost/Articles/637755/">A trademark battle in the Arduino community</a></h2>
<td>
<div>
<h2><ahref="http://fakehost/Articles/637755/">A trademark battle in the Arduino community</a></h2>
<p>The <ahref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino">Arduino</a> has been one of the biggest success stories of the open-hardware movement, but that success does not protect it from internal conflict. In recent months, two of the project's founders have come into conflict about the direction of future efforts—and that conflict has turned into a legal dispute about who owns the rights to the Arduino trademark. </p>
<p>The current fight is a battle between two companies that both bear the Arduino name: Arduino LLC and Arduino SRL. The disagreements that led to present state of affairs go back a bit further. </p>
<p>The Arduino project grew out of 2005-era course work taught at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Ivrea, Italy (using <ahref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processing_(programming_language)">Processing</a>, <ahref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiring_%28development_platform%29">Wiring</a>, and pre-existing microcontroller hardware). After the IDII program was discontinued, the open-hardware Arduino project as we know it was launched by Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, and David Mellis (who had worked together at IDII), with co-founders Tom Igoe and Gianluca Martino joining shortly afterward. The project released open hardware designs (including full schematics and design files) as well as the microcontroller software to run on the boards and the desktop IDE needed to program it. </p>
@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ program</a> for third-party manufacturers interested in using the "Arduino" bran
<p>One could argue that disputes of this sort are proof that even small projects started among friends need to take legal and intellectual-property issues (such as trademarks) seriously from the very beginning—perhaps Arduino and Smart Projects thought that an informal agreement was all that was necessary in the early days, after all. </p>
<p>But, perhaps, once a project becomes profitable, there is simply no way to predict what might happen. Arduino LLC would seem to have a strong case for continual and rigorous use of the "Arduino" trademark, which is the salient point in US trademark law. It could still be a while before the courts rule on either side of that question, however. </p>
<h2class="SummaryHL"><ahref="http://fakehost/Articles/637533/">Mapping and data mining with QGIS 2.8</a></h2>
<pclass="FeatureByline"> By <b>Nathan Willis</b>
<h2><ahref="http://fakehost/Articles/637533/">Mapping and data mining with QGIS 2.8</a></h2>
<p> By <b>Nathan Willis</b>
<br/>March 25, 2015 </p>
<p><ahref="http://qgis.org/">QGIS</a> is a free-software geographic information system (GIS) tool; it provides a unified interface in which users can import, edit, and analyze geographic-oriented information, and it can produce output as varied as printable maps or map-based web services. The project recently made its first update to be designated a long-term release (LTR), and that release is both poised for high-end usage and friendly to newcomers alike. </p>
<p>The new release is version 2.8, which was unveiled on March 2. An official <ahref="http://qgis.org/en/site/forusers/visualchangelog28/index.html">change
@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ curves</a>, refactoring data sets, and more. </p>
<p>There are, as usual, many more changes than there is room to discuss. Some particularly noteworthy improvements include the ability to save and load bookmarks for frequently used data sources (perhaps most useful for databases, web services, and other non-local data) and improvements to QGIS's server module. This module allows one QGIS instance to serve up data accessible to other QGIS applications (for example, to simply team projects). The server can now be extended with Python plugins and the data layers that it serves can be styled with style rules like those used in the desktop interface. </p>
<p>QGIS is one of those rare free-software applications that is both powerful enough for high-end work and yet also straightforward to use for the simple tasks that might attract a newcomer to GIS in the first place. The 2.8 release, particularly with its project-wide commitment to long-term support, appears to be an update well worth checking out, whether one needs to create a simple, custom map or to mine a database for obscure geo-referenced meaning. </p>
<h2class="SummaryHL"><ahref="http://fakehost/Articles/637735/">Development activity in LibreOffice and OpenOffice</a></h2>
<pclass="FeatureByline"> By <b>Jonathan Corbet</b>
<h2><ahref="http://fakehost/Articles/637735/">Development activity in LibreOffice and OpenOffice</a></h2>
<p> By <b>Jonathan Corbet</b>
<br/>March 25, 2015 </p>
<pstyle="display: inline;"class="readability-styled"> The LibreOffice project was </p><ahref="http://fakehost/Articles/407383/">announced</a>
<pstyle="display: inline;"class="readability-styled"> with great fanfare in September 2010. Nearly one year later, the OpenOffice.org project (from which LibreOffice was forked) </p><ahref="http://fakehost/Articles/446093/">was
<pname="d178"id="d178"class="graf--p">We pushed out the first version of the <ahref="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/"data-href="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">Open Journalism site</a> in January. Our goal is for the site to be a place to teach students what they should know about journalism on the web. It should be fun too.</p>
<pname="01ed"id="01ed"class="graf--p">Topics like <ahref="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Mapping/"data-href="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Mapping/"class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor"rel="nofollow">mapping</a>, <ahref="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Security/"data-href="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Security/"class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor"rel="nofollow">security</a>, command line tools, and <ahref="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Open-source/"data-href="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Open-source/" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">open source</a> are all concepts that should be made more accessible, and should be easily understood at a basic level by all journalists. We’re focusing on students because we know student journalism well, and we believe that teaching maturing journalists about the web will provide them with an important lens to view the world with. This is how we got to where we are now.</p>
<pname="f923"id="f923"class="graf--p">In late 2011 I sat in the design room of our university’s student newsroom with some of the other editors: Kate Hudson, Brent Rose, and Nicholas Maronese. I was working as the photo editor then—something I loved doing. I was very happy travelling and photographing people while listening to their stories.</p>
<pname="c9d4"id="c9d4"class="graf--p">Photography was my lucky way of experiencing the many types of people my generation seemed to avoid, as well as many the public spends too much time discussing. One of my habits as a photographer was scouring sites like Flickr to see how others could frame the world in ways I hadn’t previously considered.</p>
<pname="d178">We pushed out the first version of the <ahref="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/"data-href="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/" rel="nofollow">Open Journalism site</a> in January. Our goal is for the site to be a place to teach students what they should know about journalism on the web. It should be fun too.</p>
<pname="01ed">Topics like <ahref="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Mapping/"data-href="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Mapping/" rel="nofollow">mapping</a>, <ahref="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Security/"data-href="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Security/" rel="nofollow">security</a>, command line tools, and <ahref="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Open-source/"data-href="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/Open-source/" rel="nofollow">open source</a> are all concepts that should be made more accessible, and should be easily understood at a basic level by all journalists. We’re focusing on students because we know student journalism well, and we believe that teaching maturing journalists about the web will provide them with an important lens to view the world with. This is how we got to where we are now.</p>
<h3name="0348">Circa 2011</h3>
<pname="f923">In late 2011 I sat in the design room of our university’s student newsroom with some of the other editors: Kate Hudson, Brent Rose, and Nicholas Maronese. I was working as the photo editor then—something I loved doing. I was very happy travelling and photographing people while listening to their stories.</p>
<pname="c9d4">Photography was my lucky way of experiencing the many types of people my generation seemed to avoid, as well as many the public spends too much time discussing. One of my habits as a photographer was scouring sites like Flickr to see how others could frame the world in ways I hadn’t previously considered.</p>
<pname="930f"id="930f"class="graf--p">I started discovering beautiful things the <ahref="http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/13/02/06/timelapse-strips-homewood.htm"data-href="http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/13/02/06/timelapse-strips-homewood.htm" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">web could do with images</a>: things not possible with print. Just as every generation revolts against walking in the previous generations shoes, I found myself questioning the expectations that I came up against as a photo editor. In our newsroom the expectations were built from an outdated information world. We were expected to fill old shoes.</p>
<pname="2674"id="2674"class="graf--p">So we sat in our student newsroom—not very happy with what we were doing. Our weekly newspaper had remained essentially unchanged for 40+ years. Each editorial position had the same requirement every year. The <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">big</em> change happened in the 80s when the paper started using colour. We’d also stumbled into having a website, but it was updated just once a week with the release of the newspaper.</p>
<pname="e498"id="e498"class="graf--p">Information had changed form, but the student newsroom hadn’t, and it was becoming harder to romanticize the dusty newsprint smell coming from the shoes we were handed down from previous generations of editors. It was, we were told, all part of “becoming a journalist.”</p>
<pname="930f">I started discovering beautiful things the <ahref="http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/13/02/06/timelapse-strips-homewood.htm"data-href="http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/13/02/06/timelapse-strips-homewood.htm" rel="nofollow">web could do with images</a>: things not possible with print. Just as every generation revolts against walking in the previous generations shoes, I found myself questioning the expectations that I came up against as a photo editor. In our newsroom the expectations were built from an outdated information world. We were expected to fill old shoes.</p>
<pname="2674">So we sat in our student newsroom—not very happy with what we were doing. Our weekly newspaper had remained essentially unchanged for 40+ years. Each editorial position had the same requirement every year. The <em>big</em> change happened in the 80s when the paper started using colour. We’d also stumbled into having a website, but it was updated just once a week with the release of the newspaper.</p>
<pname="e498">Information had changed form, but the student newsroom hadn’t, and it was becoming harder to romanticize the dusty newsprint smell coming from the shoes we were handed down from previous generations of editors. It was, we were told, all part of “becoming a journalist.”</p>
<h3name="e2f0"id="e2f0"class="graf--h3">We don’t know what we don’t know</h3>
<pname="8263"id="8263"class="graf--p">We spent much of the rest of the school year asking “what should we be doing in the newsroom?”, which mainly led us to ask “how do we use the web to tell stories?” It was a straightforward question that led to many more questions about the web: something we knew little about. Out in the real world, traditional journalists were struggling to keep their jobs in a dying print world. They wore the same design of shoes that we were supposed to fill. Being pushed to repeat old, failing strategies and blocked from trying something new scared us.</p>
<pname="231e"id="231e"class="graf--p">We had questions, so we started doing some research. We talked with student newsrooms in Canada and the United States, and filled too many Google Doc files with notes. Looking at the notes now, they scream of fear. We annotated our notes with naive solutions, often involving scrambled and immature odysseys into the future of online journalism.</p>
<pname="6ec3"id="6ec3"class="graf--p">There was a lot we didn’t know. We didn’t know <strongclass="markup--strong markup--p-strong">how to build a mobile app</strong>. We didn’t know <strongclass="markup--strong markup--p-strong">if we should build a mobile app</strong>. We didn’t know <strongclass="markup--strong markup--p-strong">how to run a server</strong>. We didn’t know <strongclass="markup--strong markup--p-strong">where to go to find a server</strong>. We didn’t know <strongclass="markup--strong markup--p-strong">how the web worked</strong>. We didn’t know <strongclass="markup--strong markup--p-strong">how people used the web to read news</strong>. We didn’t know <strongclass="markup--strong markup--p-strong">what news should be on the web</strong>. If news is just information, what does that even look like?</p>
<pname="f373"id="f373"class="graf--p">We asked these questions to many students at other papers to get a consensus of what had worked and what hadn’t. They reported similar questions and fears about the web but followed with “print advertising is keeping us afloat so we can’t abandon it”.</p>
<pname="034b"id="034b"class="graf--p">In other words, we knew that we should be building a newer pair of shoes, but we didn’t know what the function of the shoes should be.</p>
<h3name="ea15"id="ea15"class="graf--h3">Common problems in student newsrooms (2011)</h3>
<pname="a90b"id="a90b"class="graf--p">Our questioning of other student journalists in 15 student newsrooms brought up a few repeating issues.</p>
<ulclass="postList">
<liname="a586"id="a586"class="graf--li">Lack of mentorship</li>
<liname="a953"id="a953"class="graf--li">A news process that lacked consideration of the web</li>
<liname="6286"id="6286"class="graf--li">No editor/position specific to the web</li>
<liname="04c1"id="04c1"class="graf--li">Little exposure to many of the cool projects being put together by professional newsrooms</li>
<liname="a1fb"id="a1fb"class="graf--li">Lack of diverse skills within the newsroom. Writers made up 95% of the personnel. Students with other skills were not sought because journalism was seen as “a career with words.” The other 5% were designers, designing words on computers, for print.</li>
<liname="0be9"id="0be9"class="graf--li">Not enough discussion between the business side and web efforts</li>
<h3name="e2f0">We don’t know what we don’t know</h3>
<pname="8263">We spent much of the rest of the school year asking “what should we be doing in the newsroom?”, which mainly led us to ask “how do we use the web to tell stories?” It was a straightforward question that led to many more questions about the web: something we knew little about. Out in the real world, traditional journalists were struggling to keep their jobs in a dying print world. They wore the same design of shoes that we were supposed to fill. Being pushed to repeat old, failing strategies and blocked from trying something new scared us.</p>
<pname="231e">We had questions, so we started doing some research. We talked with student newsrooms in Canada and the United States, and filled too many Google Doc files with notes. Looking at the notes now, they scream of fear. We annotated our notes with naive solutions, often involving scrambled and immature odysseys into the future of online journalism.</p>
<pname="6ec3">There was a lot we didn’t know. We didn’t know <strong>how to build a mobile app</strong>. We didn’t know <strong>if we should build a mobile app</strong>. We didn’t know <strong>how to run a server</strong>. We didn’t know <strong>where to go to find a server</strong>. We didn’t know <strong>how the web worked</strong>. We didn’t know <strong>how people used the web to read news</strong>. We didn’t know <strong>what news should be on the web</strong>. If news is just information, what does that even look like?</p>
<pname="f373">We asked these questions to many students at other papers to get a consensus of what had worked and what hadn’t. They reported similar questions and fears about the web but followed with “print advertising is keeping us afloat so we can’t abandon it”.</p>
<pname="034b">In other words, we knew that we should be building a newer pair of shoes, but we didn’t know what the function of the shoes should be.</p>
<h3name="ea15">Common problems in student newsrooms (2011)</h3>
<pname="a90b">Our questioning of other student journalists in 15 student newsrooms brought up a few repeating issues.</p>
<ul>
<liname="a586">Lack of mentorship</li>
<liname="a953">A news process that lacked consideration of the web</li>
<liname="6286">No editor/position specific to the web</li>
<liname="04c1">Little exposure to many of the cool projects being put together by professional newsrooms</li>
<liname="a1fb">Lack of diverse skills within the newsroom. Writers made up 95% of the personnel. Students with other skills were not sought because journalism was seen as “a career with words.” The other 5% were designers, designing words on computers, for print.</li>
<liname="0be9">Not enough discussion between the business side and web efforts</li>
<h3name="8d0c"id="8d0c"class="graf--h3">Common problems in student newsrooms (2013)</h3>
<pname="3ef6"id="3ef6"class="graf--p">Two years later, we went back and looked at what had changed. We talked to a dozen more newsrooms and weren’t surprised by our findings.</p>
<ulclass="postList">
<liname="abb1"id="abb1"class="graf--li">Still no mentorship or link to professional newsrooms building stories for the web</li>
<liname="9250"id="9250"class="graf--li">Very little control of website and technology</li>
<liname="d822"id="d822"class="graf--li">The lack of exposure that student journalists have to interactive storytelling. While some newsrooms are in touch with what’s happening with the web and journalism, there still exists a huge gap between the student newsroom and its professional counterpart</li>
<liname="6bf2"id="6bf2"class="graf--li">No time in the current news development cycle for student newsrooms to experiment with the web</li>
<liname="e62f"id="e62f"class="graf--li">Lack of skill diversity (specifically coding, interaction design, and statistics)</li>
<liname="f4f0"id="f4f0"class="graf--li">Overly restricted access to student website technology. Changes are primarily visual rather than functional.</li>
<liname="8b8d"id="8b8d"class="graf--li">Significantly reduced print production of many papers</li>
<liname="dfe0"id="dfe0"class="graf--li">Computers aren’t set up for experimenting with software and code, and often locked down</li>
<h3name="8d0c">Common problems in student newsrooms (2013)</h3>
<pname="3ef6">Two years later, we went back and looked at what had changed. We talked to a dozen more newsrooms and weren’t surprised by our findings.</p>
<ul>
<liname="abb1">Still no mentorship or link to professional newsrooms building stories for the web</li>
<liname="9250">Very little control of website and technology</li>
<liname="d822">The lack of exposure that student journalists have to interactive storytelling. While some newsrooms are in touch with what’s happening with the web and journalism, there still exists a huge gap between the student newsroom and its professional counterpart</li>
<liname="6bf2">No time in the current news development cycle for student newsrooms to experiment with the web</li>
<liname="e62f">Lack of skill diversity (specifically coding, interaction design, and statistics)</li>
<liname="f4f0">Overly restricted access to student website technology. Changes are primarily visual rather than functional.</li>
<liname="8b8d">Significantly reduced print production of many papers</li>
<liname="dfe0">Computers aren’t set up for experimenting with software and code, and often locked down</li>
</ul>
<pname="52cd"id="52cd"class="graf--p">Newsrooms have traditionally been covered in copies of The New York Times or Globe and Mail. Instead newsrooms should try spend at 20 minutes each week going over the coolest/weirdest online storytelling in an effort to expose each other to what is possible. “<ahref="http://nytlabs.com/"data-href="http://nytlabs.com/" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">Hey, what has the New York Times R&D lab been up to this week?</a>”</p>
<pname="0142"id="0142"class="graf--p">Instead of having computers that are locked down, try setting aside a few office computers that allow students to play and “break”, or encourage editors to buy their own Macbooks so they’re always able to practice with code and new tools on their own.</p>
<pname="5d29"id="5d29"class="graf--p">From all this we realized that changing a student newsroom is difficult. It takes patience. It requires that the business and editorial departments of the student newsroom be on the same (web)page. The shoes of the future must be different from the shoes we were given.</p>
<pname="1ffc"id="1ffc"class="graf--p">We need to rethink how long the new shoe design will be valid. It’s more important that we focus on the process behind making footwear than on actually creating a specific shoe. We shouldn’t be building a shoe to last 40 years. Our footwear design process will allow us to change and adapt as technology evolves. The media landscape will change, so having a newsroom that can change with it will be critical.</p>
<pname="2888"id="2888"class="graf--p"><strongclass="markup--strong markup--p-strong">We are building a shoe machine, not a shoe.</strong></p>
<h3name="9c30"id="9c30"class="graf--h3">A train or light at the end of the tunnel: are student newsrooms changing for the better?</h3>
<pname="4634"id="4634"class="graf--p">In our 2013 research we found that almost 50% of student newsrooms had created roles specifically for the web. <strongclass="markup--strong markup--p-strong">This sounds great, but is still problematic in its current state.</strong></p>
<figcaptionclass="imageCaption"><strongclass="markup--strong markup--figure-strong">We designed many of these slides to help explain to ourselves what we were doing</strong></figcaption>
<pname="52cd">Newsrooms have traditionally been covered in copies of The New York Times or Globe and Mail. Instead newsrooms should try spend at 20 minutes each week going over the coolest/weirdest online storytelling in an effort to expose each other to what is possible. “<ahref="http://nytlabs.com/"data-href="http://nytlabs.com/" rel="nofollow">Hey, what has the New York Times R&D lab been up to this week?</a>”</p>
<pname="0142">Instead of having computers that are locked down, try setting aside a few office computers that allow students to play and “break”, or encourage editors to buy their own Macbooks so they’re always able to practice with code and new tools on their own.</p>
<pname="5d29">From all this we realized that changing a student newsroom is difficult. It takes patience. It requires that the business and editorial departments of the student newsroom be on the same (web)page. The shoes of the future must be different from the shoes we were given.</p>
<pname="1ffc">We need to rethink how long the new shoe design will be valid. It’s more important that we focus on the process behind making footwear than on actually creating a specific shoe. We shouldn’t be building a shoe to last 40 years. Our footwear design process will allow us to change and adapt as technology evolves. The media landscape will change, so having a newsroom that can change with it will be critical.</p>
<pname="2888"><strong>We are building a shoe machine, not a shoe.</strong></p>
<h3name="9c30">A train or light at the end of the tunnel: are student newsrooms changing for the better?</h3>
<pname="4634">In our 2013 research we found that almost 50% of student newsrooms had created roles specifically for the web. <strong>This sounds great, but is still problematic in its current state.</strong></p>
<figcaption><strong>We designed many of these slides to help explain to ourselves what we were doing</strong></figcaption>
</figure>
<pname="39e6"id="39e6"class="graf--p">When a newsroom decides to create a position for the web, it’s often with the intent of having content flow steadily from writers onto the web. This is a big improvement from just uploading stories to the web whenever there is a print issue. <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">However…</em></p>
<pname="39e6">When a newsroom decides to create a position for the web, it’s often with the intent of having content flow steadily from writers onto the web. This is a big improvement from just uploading stories to the web whenever there is a print issue. <em>However…</em></p>
<ol>
<liname="91b5"><strong>The handoff</strong>
<br/>Problems arise because web editors are given roles that absolve the rest of the editors from thinking about the web. All editors should be involved in the process of story development for the web. While it’s a good idea to have one specific editor manage the website, contributors and editors should all play with and learn about the web. Instead of “can you make a computer do XYZ for me?”, we should be saying “can you show me how to make a computer do XYZ?”</li>
<liname="6448"id="6448"class="graf--li"><strongclass="markup--strong markup--li-strong">Not just social media<br/></strong>A web editor could do much more than simply being in charge of the social media accounts for the student paper. Their responsibility could include teaching all other editors to be listening to what’s happening online. The web editor can take advantage of live information to change how the student newsroom reports news in real time.</li>
<liname="ab30"id="ab30"class="graf--li"><strongclass="markup--strong markup--li-strong">Web (interactive) editor<br/></strong>The goal of having a web editor should be for someone to build and tell stories that take full advantage of the web as their medium. Too often the web’s interactivity is not considered when developing the story. The web then ends up as a resting place for print words.</li>
<liname="6448"><strong>Not just social media<br/></strong>A web editor could do much more than simply being in charge of the social media accounts for the student paper. Their responsibility could include teaching all other editors to be listening to what’s happening online. The web editor can take advantage of live information to change how the student newsroom reports news in real time.</li>
<liname="ab30"><strong>Web (interactive) editor<br/></strong>The goal of having a web editor should be for someone to build and tell stories that take full advantage of the web as their medium. Too often the web’s interactivity is not considered when developing the story. The web then ends up as a resting place for print words.</li>
</ol>
<pname="e983"id="e983"class="graf--p">Editors at newsrooms are still figuring out how to convince writers of the benefit to having their content online. There’s still a stronger draw to writers seeing their name in print than on the web. Showing writers that their stories can be told in new ways to larger audiences is a convincing argument that the web is a starting point for telling a story, not its graveyard.</p>
<pname="5c11"id="5c11"class="graf--p">When everyone in the newsroom approaches their website with the intention of using it to explore the web as a medium, they all start to ask “what is possible?” and “what can be done?” You can’t expect students to think in terms of the web if it’s treated as a place for print words to hang out on a web page.</p>
<pname="4eb1"id="4eb1"class="graf--p">We’re OK with this problem, if we see newsrooms continue to take small steps towards having all their editors involved in the stories for the web.</p>
<figcaptionclass="imageCaption">The current Open Journalism site was a few years in the making. This was an original launch page we use in 2012</figcaption>
<pname="e983">Editors at newsrooms are still figuring out how to convince writers of the benefit to having their content online. There’s still a stronger draw to writers seeing their name in print than on the web. Showing writers that their stories can be told in new ways to larger audiences is a convincing argument that the web is a starting point for telling a story, not its graveyard.</p>
<pname="5c11">When everyone in the newsroom approaches their website with the intention of using it to explore the web as a medium, they all start to ask “what is possible?” and “what can be done?” You can’t expect students to think in terms of the web if it’s treated as a place for print words to hang out on a web page.</p>
<pname="4eb1">We’re OK with this problem, if we see newsrooms continue to take small steps towards having all their editors involved in the stories for the web.</p>
<br/>Our rough research has told us newsrooms need to be reorganized. This includes every part of the newsroom’s workflow: from where a story and its information comes from, to thinking of every word, pixel, and interaction the reader will have with your stories. If I was a photo editor that wanted to re-think my process with digital tools in mind, I’d start by asking “how are photo assignments processed and sent out?”, “how do we receive images?”, “what formats do images need to be exported in?”, “what type of screens will the images be viewed on?”, and “how are the designers getting these images?” Making a student newsroom digital isn’t about producing “digital manifestos”, it’s about being curious enough that you’ll want to to continue experimenting with your process until you’ve found one that fits your newsroom’s needs.</li>
<br/>Lack of mentorship is still a big problem. <ahref="http://www.google.com/get/journalismfellowship/"data-href="http://www.google.com/get/journalismfellowship/"class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor"rel="nofollow">Google’s fellowship program</a> is great. The fact that it only caters to United States students isn’t. There are only a handful of internships in Canada where students interested in journalism can get experience writing code and building interactive stories. We’re OK with this for now, as we expect internships and mentorship over the next 5 years between professional newsrooms and student newsrooms will only increase. It’s worth noting that some of that mentorship will likely be done remotely.</li>
<liname="a9b8"id="a9b8"class="graf--li"><strongclass="markup--strong markup--li-strong">Changing a newsroom culture</strong>
<br/>Lack of mentorship is still a big problem. <ahref="http://www.google.com/get/journalismfellowship/"data-href="http://www.google.com/get/journalismfellowship/" rel="nofollow">Google’s fellowship program</a> is great. The fact that it only caters to United States students isn’t. There are only a handful of internships in Canada where students interested in journalism can get experience writing code and building interactive stories. We’re OK with this for now, as we expect internships and mentorship over the next 5 years between professional newsrooms and student newsrooms will only increase. It’s worth noting that some of that mentorship will likely be done remotely.</li>
<liname="a9b8"><strong>Changing a newsroom culture</strong>
<br/>Skill diversity needs to change. We encourage every student newsroom we talk to, to start building a partnership with their school’s Computer Science department. It will take some work, but you’ll find there are many CS undergrads that love playing with web technologies, and using data to tell stories. Changing who is in the newsroom should be one of the first steps newsrooms take to changing how they tell stories. The same goes with getting designers who understand the wonderful interactive elements of the web and students who love statistics and exploring data. Getting students who are amazing at design, data, code, words, and images into one room is one of the coolest experience I’ve had. Everyone benefits from a more diverse newsroom.</li>
</ul>
<h3name="a67e"id="a67e"class="graf--h3">What we don’t know</h3>
<ulclass="postList">
<liname="7320"id="7320"class="graf--li"><strongclass="markup--strong markup--li-strong">Sharing curiosity for the web</strong>
<h3name="a67e">What we don’t know</h3>
<ul>
<liname="7320"><strong>Sharing curiosity for the web</strong>
<br/>We don’t know how to best teach students about the web. It’s not efficient for us to teach coding classes. We do go into newsrooms and get them running their first code exercises, but if someone wants to learn to program, we can only provide the initial push and curiosity. We will be trying out “labs” with a few schools next school year to hopefully get a better idea of how to teach students about the web.</li>
<br/>We don’t know how to convince the business side of student papers that they should invest in the web. At the very least we’re able to explain that having students graduate with their current skill set is painful in the current job market.</li>
<br/>We don’t know what journalism or the web will be like in 10 years, but we can start encouraging students to keep an open mind about the skills they’ll need. We’re less interested in preparing students for the current newsroom climate, than we are in teaching students to have the ability to learn new tools quickly as they come and go.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<divclass="section-inner layoutSingleColumn">
<h3name="009a"id="009a"class="graf--h3">What we’re trying to share with others</h3>
<ulclass="postList">
<liname="8bfa"id="8bfa"class="graf--li"><strongclass="markup--strong markup--li-strong">A concise guide to building stories for the web</strong>
<div>
<h3name="009a">What we’re trying to share with others</h3>
<ul>
<liname="8bfa"><strong>A concise guide to building stories for the web</strong>
<br/>There are too many options to get started. We hope to provide an opinionated guide that follows both our experiences, research, and observations from trying to teach our peers.</li>
</ul>
<pname="8196"id="8196"class="graf--p">Student newsrooms don’t have investors to please. Student newsrooms can change their website every week if they want to try a new design or interaction. As long as students start treating the web as a different medium, and start building stories around that idea, then we’ll know we’re moving forward.</p>
<h3name="f6c6"id="f6c6"class="graf--h3">A note to professional news orgs</h3>
<pname="d8f5"id="d8f5"class="graf--p">We’re also asking professional newsrooms to be more open about their process of developing stories for the web. You play a big part in this. This means writing about it, and sharing code. We need to start building a bridge between student journalism and professional newsrooms.</p>
<pname="8196">Student newsrooms don’t have investors to please. Student newsrooms can change their website every week if they want to try a new design or interaction. As long as students start treating the web as a different medium, and start building stories around that idea, then we’ll know we’re moving forward.</p>
<h3name="f6c6">A note to professional news orgs</h3>
<pname="d8f5">We’re also asking professional newsrooms to be more open about their process of developing stories for the web. You play a big part in this. This means writing about it, and sharing code. We need to start building a bridge between student journalism and professional newsrooms.</p>
<h3name="ee1b"id="ee1b"class="graf--h3">This is a start</h3>
<pname="ebf9"id="ebf9"class="graf--p">We going to continue slowly growing the content on <ahref="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/"data-href="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">Open Journalism</a>. We still consider this the beta version, but expect to polish it, and beef up the content for a real launch at the beginning of the summer.</p>
<pname="bd44"id="bd44"class="graf--p">We expect to have more original tutorials as well as the beginnings of what a curriculum may look like that a student newsroom can adopt to start guiding their transition to become a web first newsroom. We’re also going to be working with the <ahref="http://queensjournal.ca/"data-href="http://queensjournal.ca/"class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor"rel="nofollow">Queen’s Journal</a> and <ahref="http://ubyssey.ca/"data-href="http://ubyssey.ca/" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">The Ubyssey</a>next school year to better understand how to make the student newsroom a place for experimenting with telling stories on the web. If this sound like a good idea in your newsroom, we’re still looking to add 1 more school.</p>
<pname="abd5"id="abd5"class="graf--p">We’re trying out some new shoes. And while they’re not self-lacing, and smell a bit different, we feel lacing up a new pair of kicks can change a lot.</p>
<pname="ebf9">We going to continue slowly growing the content on <ahref="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/"data-href="http://pippinlee.github.io/open-journalism-project/" rel="nofollow">Open Journalism</a>. We still consider this the beta version, but expect to polish it, and beef up the content for a real launch at the beginning of the summer.</p>
<pname="bd44">We expect to have more original tutorials as well as the beginnings of what a curriculum may look like that a student newsroom can adopt to start guiding their transition to become a web first newsroom. We’re also going to be working with the <ahref="http://queensjournal.ca/"data-href="http://queensjournal.ca/" rel="nofollow">Queen’s Journal</a> and <ahref="http://ubyssey.ca/"data-href="http://ubyssey.ca/" rel="nofollow">The Ubyssey</a>next school year to better understand how to make the student newsroom a place for experimenting with telling stories on the web. If this sound like a good idea in your newsroom, we’re still looking to add 1 more school.</p>
<pname="abd5">We’re trying out some new shoes. And while they’re not self-lacing, and smell a bit different, we feel lacing up a new pair of kicks can change a lot.</p>
<pname="63ec"id="63ec"class="graf--p"><strongclass="markup--strong markup--p-strong">We’re still in the early stages of what this project will look like, so if you want to help or have thoughts, let’s talk.</strong></p>
</strong><emclass="markup--em markup--p-em"> we just think it’s pretty cool to share what we’ve learned so far, and hope you’ll do the same. We’re all in this together.</em></p>
<pname="63ec"><strong>We’re still in the early stages of what this project will look like, so if you want to help or have thoughts, let’s talk.</strong></p>
<h3name="b098"id="b098"class="graf--h3">On Behalf of “Literally”</h3>
<pname="1a73"id="1a73"class="graf--p">You either are a “literally” abuser or know of one. If you’re anything like me, hearing the word “literally” used incorrectly causes a little piece of your soul to whither and die. Of course I do not mean that literally, I mean that figuratively. An abuser would have said: “Every time a person uses that word, a piece of my soul literally withers and dies.” Which is terribly, horribly wrong.</p>
<pname="104a"id="104a"class="graf--p">For whatever bizarre reason, people feel the need to use literally as a sort of verbal crutch. They use it to emphasize a point, which is silly because they’re already using an analogy or a metaphor to illustrate said point. For example: “Ugh, I literally tore the house apart looking for my remote control!” No, you literally did not tear apart your house, because it’s still standing. If you’d just told me you “tore your house apart” searching for your remote, I would’ve understood what you meant. No need to add “literally” to the sentence.</p>
<pname="c2c0"id="c2c0"class="graf--p">Maybe I should define literally.</p>
<blockquotename="b239"id="b239"class="graf--pullquote pullquote">Literally means actually. When you say something literally happened, you’re describing the scene or situation as it actually happened.</blockquote>
<pname="a8fd"id="a8fd"class="graf--p">So you should only use literally when you mean it. It should not be used in hyperbole. Example: “That was so funny I literally cried.” Which is possible. Some things are funny enough to elicit tears. Note the example stops with “literally cried.” You cannot <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">literally cry your eyes out</em>. The joke wasn’t so funny your eyes popped out of their sockets.</p>
<h4name="165a"id="165a"class="graf--h4">When in Doubt, Leave it Out</h4>
<pname="e434"id="e434"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“I’m so hungry I could eat a horse,” means you’re hungry. You don’t need to say “I’m so hungry I could literally eat a horse.” Because you can’t do that in one sitting, I don’t care how big your stomach is.</p>
<pname="d88f"id="d88f"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“That play was so funny I laughed my head off,” illustrates the play was amusing. You don’t need to say you literally laughed your head off, because then your head would be on the ground and you wouldn’t be able to speak, much less laugh.</p>
<pname="4bab"id="4bab"class="graf--p graf--startsWithDoubleQuote">“I drove so fast my car was flying,” we get your point: you were speeding. But your car is never going fast enough to fly, so don’t say your car was literally flying.</p>
<pname="1bd7"id="1bd7"class="graf--p">Maybe no one believed a story you told as a child, and you felt the need to prove that it actually happened. <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">No really, mom, I literally climbed the tree. </em>In efforts to prove truth, you used literally to describe something real, however outlandish it seemed. Whatever the reason, now your overuse of literally has become a habit.</p>
<h4name="d7c1"id="d7c1"class="graf--h4">Hard Habit to Break?</h4>
<pname="714b"id="714b"class="graf--p">Abusing literally isn’t as bad a smoking, but it’s still an unhealthy habit (I mean that figuratively). Help is required in order to break it.</p>
<pname="f929"id="f929"class="graf--p">This is my version of an intervention for literally abusers. I’m not sure how else to do it other than in writing. I know this makes me sound like a know-it-all, and I accept that. But there’s no excuse other than blatant ignorance to misuse the word “literally.” So just stop it.</p>
<pname="fd19"id="fd19"class="graf--p">Don’t say “Courtney, this post is so snobbish it literally burned up my computer.” Because nothing is that snobbish that it causes computers to combust. Or: “Courtney, your head is so big it literally cannot get through the door.” Because it can, unless it’s one of those tiny doors from <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">Alice in Wonderland</em> and I need to eat a mushroom to make my whole body smaller.</p>
<pname="7ff8"id="7ff8"class="graf--p">And I’m not saying I am. I’m trying to restore meaning to a word that’s lost meaning. I’m standing up for literally. It’s a good word when used correctly. People are butchering it and destroying it every day (figuratively speaking) and the massacre needs to stop. Just as there’s a coalition of people against the use of certain fonts (like <ahref="http://bancomicsans.com/main/?page_id=2"data-href="http://bancomicsans.com/main/?page_id=2"class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor"rel="nofollow">Comic Sans</a> and <ahref="https://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=14448723154"data-href="https://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=14448723154" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">Papyrus</a>), so should there be a coalition of people against the abuse of literally.</p>
<h4name="049e"id="049e"class="graf--h4">Saying it to Irritate?</h4>
<pname="9381"id="9381"class="graf--p">Do you misuse the word “literally” just to annoy your know-it-all or grammar police friends/acquaintances/total strangers? If so, why? Doing so would be like me going outside when it’s freezing, wearing nothing but a pair of shorts and t-shirt in hopes of making you cold by just looking at me. Who suffers more?</p>
<pname="b57e"id="b57e"class="graf--p graf--last">Matthew Inman of “The Oatmeal” wrote a comic about literally. Abusers and defenders alike <ahref="http://theoatmeal.com/comics/literally"data-href="http://theoatmeal.com/comics/literally" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow">should check it out</a>. It’s clear this whole craze about literally is driving a lot of us nuts. You literally abusers are killing off pieces of our souls. You must be stopped, or the world will be lost to meaninglessness forever. Figuratively speaking.</p>
<h3name="b098">On Behalf of “Literally”</h3>
<pname="1a73">You either are a “literally” abuser or know of one. If you’re anything like me, hearing the word “literally” used incorrectly causes a little piece of your soul to whither and die. Of course I do not mean that literally, I mean that figuratively. An abuser would have said: “Every time a person uses that word, a piece of my soul literally withers and dies.” Which is terribly, horribly wrong.</p>
<pname="104a">For whatever bizarre reason, people feel the need to use literally as a sort of verbal crutch. They use it to emphasize a point, which is silly because they’re already using an analogy or a metaphor to illustrate said point. For example: “Ugh, I literally tore the house apart looking for my remote control!” No, you literally did not tear apart your house, because it’s still standing. If you’d just told me you “tore your house apart” searching for your remote, I would’ve understood what you meant. No need to add “literally” to the sentence.</p>
<pname="c2c0">Maybe I should define literally.</p>
<blockquotename="b239">Literally means actually. When you say something literally happened, you’re describing the scene or situation as it actually happened.</blockquote>
<pname="a8fd">So you should only use literally when you mean it. It should not be used in hyperbole. Example: “That was so funny I literally cried.” Which is possible. Some things are funny enough to elicit tears. Note the example stops with “literally cried.” You cannot <em>literally cry your eyes out</em>. The joke wasn’t so funny your eyes popped out of their sockets.</p>
<h4name="165a">When in Doubt, Leave it Out</h4>
<pname="e434">“I’m so hungry I could eat a horse,” means you’re hungry. You don’t need to say “I’m so hungry I could literally eat a horse.” Because you can’t do that in one sitting, I don’t care how big your stomach is.</p>
<pname="d88f">“That play was so funny I laughed my head off,” illustrates the play was amusing. You don’t need to say you literally laughed your head off, because then your head would be on the ground and you wouldn’t be able to speak, much less laugh.</p>
<pname="4bab">“I drove so fast my car was flying,” we get your point: you were speeding. But your car is never going fast enough to fly, so don’t say your car was literally flying.</p>
<h4name="f2f0">Insecurities?</h4>
<pname="1bd7">Maybe no one believed a story you told as a child, and you felt the need to prove that it actually happened. <em>No really, mom, I literally climbed the tree. </em>In efforts to prove truth, you used literally to describe something real, however outlandish it seemed. Whatever the reason, now your overuse of literally has become a habit.</p>
<h4name="d7c1">Hard Habit to Break?</h4>
<pname="714b">Abusing literally isn’t as bad a smoking, but it’s still an unhealthy habit (I mean that figuratively). Help is required in order to break it.</p>
<pname="f929">This is my version of an intervention for literally abusers. I’m not sure how else to do it other than in writing. I know this makes me sound like a know-it-all, and I accept that. But there’s no excuse other than blatant ignorance to misuse the word “literally.” So just stop it.</p>
<pname="fd19">Don’t say “Courtney, this post is so snobbish it literally burned up my computer.” Because nothing is that snobbish that it causes computers to combust. Or: “Courtney, your head is so big it literally cannot get through the door.” Because it can, unless it’s one of those tiny doors from <em>Alice in Wonderland</em> and I need to eat a mushroom to make my whole body smaller.</p>
<h4name="fe12">No One’s Perfect</h4>
<pname="7ff8">And I’m not saying I am. I’m trying to restore meaning to a word that’s lost meaning. I’m standing up for literally. It’s a good word when used correctly. People are butchering it and destroying it every day (figuratively speaking) and the massacre needs to stop. Just as there’s a coalition of people against the use of certain fonts (like <ahref="http://bancomicsans.com/main/?page_id=2"data-href="http://bancomicsans.com/main/?page_id=2" rel="nofollow">Comic Sans</a> and <ahref="https://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=14448723154"data-href="https://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=14448723154" rel="nofollow">Papyrus</a>), so should there be a coalition of people against the abuse of literally.</p>
<h4name="049e">Saying it to Irritate?</h4>
<pname="9381">Do you misuse the word “literally” just to annoy your know-it-all or grammar police friends/acquaintances/total strangers? If so, why? Doing so would be like me going outside when it’s freezing, wearing nothing but a pair of shorts and t-shirt in hopes of making you cold by just looking at me. Who suffers more?</p>
<h4name="3e52">Graphical Representation</h4>
<pname="b57e">Matthew Inman of “The Oatmeal” wrote a comic about literally. Abusers and defenders alike <ahref="http://theoatmeal.com/comics/literally"data-href="http://theoatmeal.com/comics/literally" rel="nofollow">should check it out</a>. It’s clear this whole craze about literally is driving a lot of us nuts. You literally abusers are killing off pieces of our souls. You must be stopped, or the world will be lost to meaninglessness forever. Figuratively speaking.</p>
<pname="97e7"id="97e7"class="graf graf--p graf-after--h3">How to get shanked doing what people say they want</p>
<blockquotename="df70"id="df70"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">don’t preach to me<br/>Mr. integrity</blockquote>
<pname="c979"id="c979"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">(EDIT: removed the link to Samantha’s post, because the arments and the grubers and the rest of The Deck Clique got what they wanted: a non-proper person driven off the internet lightly capped with a dusting of transphobia along the way, all totally okay because the ends justify the means, and it’s okay when “good” people do it.)</p>
<pname="342d"id="342d"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">First, I need to say something about this article: the reason I’m writing it infuriates me. Worse than installing CS 3 or Acrobat 7 ever did, and the former inspired comparisons to fecophile porn. I’m actually too mad to cuss. Well, not completely, but in this case, I don’t think the people I’m mad at are worth the creativity I try to put into profanity. This is about a brownfield of hypocrisy and viciously deliberate mischaracterization that “shame” cannot even come close to the shame those behind it should feel.</p>
<pname="2e61"id="2e61"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Now, read this post by Samantha Bielefeld: The Elephant in the Room. First, it is a well-written critical piece that raises a few points in a calm, rational, nonconfrontational fashion, exactly the kind of things the pushers of The Great Big Lie say we need more of, as opposed to the screaming that is the norm in such cases.</p>
<pname="cd31"id="cd31"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">…sorry, I should explain “The Great Big Lie”. There are several, but in this case, our <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">specific</em> instance of “The Great Big Lie” is about criticism. Over and over, you hear from the very people I am not going to be nice to in this that we need “better” criticsm. Instead of rage and anger, volume and vitriol, we need in-depth rational criticism, that isn’t personal or ad hominem. That it should focus on points, not people.</p>
<pname="ae07"id="ae07"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--trailing">That, readers, is “The Big Lie”. It is a lie so big that if one ponders the reality of it, as I am going to, one wonders why anyone would believe it. It is a lie and it is one we should stop telling.</p>
<pname="97e7">How to get shanked doing what people say they want</p>
<blockquotename="df70">don’t preach to me<br/>Mr. integrity</blockquote>
<pname="c979">(EDIT: removed the link to Samantha’s post, because the arments and the grubers and the rest of The Deck Clique got what they wanted: a non-proper person driven off the internet lightly capped with a dusting of transphobia along the way, all totally okay because the ends justify the means, and it’s okay when “good” people do it.)</p>
<pname="342d">First, I need to say something about this article: the reason I’m writing it infuriates me. Worse than installing CS 3 or Acrobat 7 ever did, and the former inspired comparisons to fecophile porn. I’m actually too mad to cuss. Well, not completely, but in this case, I don’t think the people I’m mad at are worth the creativity I try to put into profanity. This is about a brownfield of hypocrisy and viciously deliberate mischaracterization that “shame” cannot even come close to the shame those behind it should feel.</p>
<pname="2e61">Now, read this post by Samantha Bielefeld: The Elephant in the Room. First, it is a well-written critical piece that raises a few points in a calm, rational, nonconfrontational fashion, exactly the kind of things the pushers of The Great Big Lie say we need more of, as opposed to the screaming that is the norm in such cases.</p>
<pname="cd31">…sorry, I should explain “The Great Big Lie”. There are several, but in this case, our <em>specific</em> instance of “The Great Big Lie” is about criticism. Over and over, you hear from the very people I am not going to be nice to in this that we need “better” criticsm. Instead of rage and anger, volume and vitriol, we need in-depth rational criticism, that isn’t personal or ad hominem. That it should focus on points, not people.</p>
<pname="ae07">That, readers, is “The Big Lie”. It is a lie so big that if one ponders the reality of it, as I am going to, one wonders why anyone would believe it. It is a lie and it is one we should stop telling.</p>
<pname="a02f"id="a02f"class="graf graf--p graf--leading">Samantha’s points (I assume you read it, for you are smart people who know the importance of such things) are fairly clear:</p>
<olclass="postList">
<liname="9213"id="9213"class="graf graf--li graf-after--p">With the release of Overcast 2.0, a product Samantha actually likes, Marco Arment moved to a <ahref="http://www.marco.org/2015/10/09/overcast2"data-href="http://www.marco.org/2015/10/09/overcast2" class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">patronage model</a> that will probably be successful for him.</li>
<liname="dfa5"id="dfa5"class="graf graf--li graf-after--li">Arment’s insistence that “<ahref="https://medium.com/@marcoarment/pragmatic-app-pricing-a79fc07218f3"data-href="https://medium.com/@marcoarment/pragmatic-app-pricing-a79fc07218f3" class="markup--anchor markup--li-anchor" target="_blank">anyone can do this</a>” while technically true, (anyone can in fact, implement this pricing model), also implies that “anyone” can have the kind of success that a developer with Marco’s history, financial status, and deep ties to the Apple News Web is expected to have. This is silly.</li>
<liname="e55d"id="e55d"class="graf graf--li graf-after--li">Marco Arment occupies a fairly unique position in the Apple universe, (gained by hard work and no small talent), and because of that, benefits from a set of privileges that a new developer or even one that has been around for a long time, but isn’t, well, <emclass="markup--em markup--li-em">Marco</em>, not only don’t have, but have little chance of attaining anytime soon.</li>
<liname="35fb"id="35fb"class="graf graf--li graf-after--li">Marco has earned his success and is entitled to the benefits and privileges it brings, but he seems rather blind to all of that, and seems to still imagine himself as “two guys in a garage”. This is just not correct.</li>
<liname="38e2"id="38e2"class="graf graf--li graf-after--li">In addition, the benefits and privileges of the above ensure that by releasing Overcast 2 as a free app, with patronage pricing, he has, if not gutted, severely hurt the ability of folks actually selling their apps for an up-front price of not free to continue doing so. This has the effect of accelerating the “race to the bottom” in the podcast listening app segment, which hurts devs who cannot afford to work on a “I don’t really need this money, so whatever you feel like sending is okay” model.</li>
<div>
<div>
<pname="a02f">Samantha’s points (I assume you read it, for you are smart people who know the importance of such things) are fairly clear:</p>
<ol>
<liname="9213">With the release of Overcast 2.0, a product Samantha actually likes, Marco Arment moved to a <ahref="http://www.marco.org/2015/10/09/overcast2"data-href="http://www.marco.org/2015/10/09/overcast2" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">patronage model</a> that will probably be successful for him.</li>
<liname="dfa5">Arment’s insistence that “<ahref="https://medium.com/@marcoarment/pragmatic-app-pricing-a79fc07218f3"data-href="https://medium.com/@marcoarment/pragmatic-app-pricing-a79fc07218f3" target="_blank">anyone can do this</a>” while technically true, (anyone can in fact, implement this pricing model), also implies that “anyone” can have the kind of success that a developer with Marco’s history, financial status, and deep ties to the Apple News Web is expected to have. This is silly.</li>
<liname="e55d">Marco Arment occupies a fairly unique position in the Apple universe, (gained by hard work and no small talent), and because of that, benefits from a set of privileges that a new developer or even one that has been around for a long time, but isn’t, well, <em>Marco</em>, not only don’t have, but have little chance of attaining anytime soon.</li>
<liname="35fb">Marco has earned his success and is entitled to the benefits and privileges it brings, but he seems rather blind to all of that, and seems to still imagine himself as “two guys in a garage”. This is just not correct.</li>
<liname="38e2">In addition, the benefits and privileges of the above ensure that by releasing Overcast 2 as a free app, with patronage pricing, he has, if not gutted, severely hurt the ability of folks actually selling their apps for an up-front price of not free to continue doing so. This has the effect of accelerating the “race to the bottom” in the podcast listening app segment, which hurts devs who cannot afford to work on a “I don’t really need this money, so whatever you feel like sending is okay” model.</li>
</ol>
<pname="0481"id="0481"class="graf graf--p graf-after--li">None of this is incorrect. None of this is an ad hominem attack in any way. It is just pointing out that a developer of Arment’s stature and status lives in a very different world than someone in East Frog Balls, Arkansas trying to make a living off of App sales. Our dev in EFB doesn’t have the main sites on the Apple web falling all over themselves to review their app the way that Arment does. They’re not friends with the people being The Loop, Daring Fireball, SixColors, iMore, The Mac Observer, etc., yadda.</p>
<pname="5a45"id="5a45"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">So, our hero, in a fit of well-meaning ignorance writes this piece (posted this morning, 14 Oct. 15) and of course, the response and any criticisms are just as reasonable and thoughtful.</p>
<pname="3bc7"id="3bc7"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--trailing">If you really believe that, you are the most preciously ignorant person in the world, and can I have your seriously charmed life.</p>
<pname="0481">None of this is incorrect. None of this is an ad hominem attack in any way. It is just pointing out that a developer of Arment’s stature and status lives in a very different world than someone in East Frog Balls, Arkansas trying to make a living off of App sales. Our dev in EFB doesn’t have the main sites on the Apple web falling all over themselves to review their app the way that Arment does. They’re not friends with the people being The Loop, Daring Fireball, SixColors, iMore, The Mac Observer, etc., yadda.</p>
<pname="5a45">So, our hero, in a fit of well-meaning ignorance writes this piece (posted this morning, 14 Oct. 15) and of course, the response and any criticisms are just as reasonable and thoughtful.</p>
<pname="3bc7">If you really believe that, you are the most preciously ignorant person in the world, and can I have your seriously charmed life.</p>
<pname="0fb2"id="0fb2"class="graf graf--p graf--leading">The response, from all quarters, including Marco, someone who is so sensitive to criticism that the word “useless” is <ahref="http://www.marco.org/2011/03/30/here-is-a-tip-for-all-the-non-developers-out"data-href="http://www.marco.org/2011/03/30/here-is-a-tip-for-all-the-non-developers-out"class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">enough to shut him down</a>, who <ahref="https://twitter.com/marcoarment/status/641330113934700544"data-href="https://twitter.com/marcoarment/status/641330113934700544" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">blocked a friend of mine for the high crime of pointing out that his review of podcasting mics centered around higher priced gear and ignored folks without the scratch, who might not be ready for such things</a>, is, in a single word, disgusting. Vomitous even.</p>
<pname="9a6e"id="9a6e"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">It’s an hours-long dogpile that beggars even my imagination, and I can imagine almost anything. Seriously, it’s all there in <ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld/with_replies"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld/with_replies" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">Samantha’s Twitter Feed</a>. From what I can tell, she’s understandably shocked over it. I however was not. This one comment in her feed made me smile (warning, this wanders a bit…er…LOT. Twitter timelines are not easy to put together):</p>
<blockquotename="3271"id="3271"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">I can see why you have some reservations about publishing it, but my gut feeling is that he would take it better than Nilay.</blockquote>
<pname="ec72"id="ec72"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Oh honey, bless your sweet, ignorant heart. Marco is one of the biggest pushers of The Big Lie, and one of the reasons it is <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">such</em> a lie.</p>
<pname="5cc4"id="5cc4"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">But it gets better. First, you have the “hey, Marco <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">earned</em> his status!” lot. A valid point, and one Bielefeld explicitly acknowledges, here:</p>
<blockquotename="4e5f"id="4e5f"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">From his ground floor involvement in Tumblr (for which he is now a millionaire), to the creation and sale of a wildly successful app called Instapaper, he has become a household name in technology minded circles. It is this extensive time spent in the spotlight, the huge following on Twitter, and dedicated listeners of his weekly aired Accidental Tech Podcast, that has granted him the freedom to break from seeking revenue in more traditional manners.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="3f1b"id="3f1b"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">I’m not knocking his success, he has put effort into his line of work, and has built his own life.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="3e4f"id="3e4f"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">He has earned his time in the spotlight, and it’s only natural for him to take advantage of it.</blockquote>
<pname="8a01"id="8a01"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">But still, you get the people telling her something she already acknowledge:</p>
<blockquotename="7685"id="7685"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">I don’t think he’s blind. he’s worked to where he has gotten and has had failures like everyone else.</blockquote>
<pname="b151"id="b151"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Thank you for restating something in the article. To the person who wrote it.</p>
<pname="87bc"id="87bc"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">In the original article, Samantha talked about the money Marco makes from his podcast. She based that on the numbers <ahref="http://atp.fm/sponsor/"data-href="http://atp.fm/sponsor/" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">provided by ATP in terms of sponsorship rates</a> and the number of current sponsors the podcast has. Is this going to yield perfect numbers? No. But the numbers you get from it will at least be reasonable, or should be unless the published sponsorship rates are just fantasy, and you’re stupid for taking them seriously.</p>
<pname="dbda"id="dbda"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">At first, she went with a simple formula:</p>
<blockquotename="1b4e"id="1b4e"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">$4K x 3 per episode = $12K x 52 weeks / 3 hosts splitting it.</blockquote>
<pname="0b33"id="0b33"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">That’s not someone making shit up, right? Rather quickly, someone pointed out that she’d made an error in how she calculated it:</p>
<blockquotename="76d7"id="76d7"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">That’s $4k per ad, no? So more like $12–16k per episode.</blockquote>
<pname="a089"id="a089"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">She’d already realized her mistake and fixed it.</p>
<blockquotename="b369"id="b369"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">which is actually wrong, and I’m correcting now. $4,000 per sponsor, per episode! So, $210,000 per year.</blockquote>
<pname="8b3b"id="8b3b"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Again, this is based on <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">publicly available data</em> the only kind someone not part of ATP or a close friend of Arment has access to. So while her numbers may be wrong, if they are, there’s no way for her to know that. She’s basing her opinion on actual available data. Which is sadly rare.</p>
<pname="135a"id="135a"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">This becomes a huge flashpoint. You name a reason to attack her over this, people do. No really. For example, she’s not calculating his <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">income taxes correctly</em>:</p>
<blockquotename="5e7e"id="5e7e"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">especially since it isn’t his only source of income thus, not an indicator of his marginal inc. tax bracket.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="6036"id="6036"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">thus, guessing net income is more haphazard than stating approx. gross income.</blockquote>
<pname="aac1"id="aac1"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Ye Gods. She’s not doing his taxes for him, her point is invalid?</p>
<pname="600f"id="600f"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Then there’s the people who seem to have not read anything past what other people are telling them:</p>
<blockquotename="9b62"id="9b62"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">Not sure what to make of your Marco piece, to be honest. You mention his fame, whatever, but what’s the main idea here?</blockquote>
<pname="c18a"id="c18a"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Just how spoon-fed do you have to be? Have you no teeth?</p>
<pname="c445"id="c445"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Of course, Marco jumps in, and predictably, he’s snippy:</p>
<blockquotename="0c21"id="0c21"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">If you’re going to speak in precise absolutes, it’s best to first ensure that you’re correct.</blockquote>
<pname="8f8d"id="8f8d"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">If you’re going to be like that, it’s best to provide better data. Don’t get snippy when someone is going off the only data available, and is clearly open to revising based on better data.</p>
<pname="cc97"id="cc97"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Then Marco’s friends/fans get into it:</p>
<pname="0094"id="0094"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Samantha is trying to qualify for sainthood at this point:</p>
<blockquotename="0105"id="0105"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">It isn’t really, it was a way of putting his income in context in regards to his ability to gamble with Overcast.</blockquote>
<pname="cdd1"id="cdd1"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Again, she’s trying to drag people back to her actual point, but no one is going to play. The storm has begun. Then we get people who are just spouting nonsense:</p>
<blockquotename="f56c"id="f56c"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">Why is that only relevant for him? It’s a pretty weird metric,especially since his apps aren’t free.</blockquote>
<pname="4fef"id="4fef"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Wha?? Overcast 2 is absolutely free. Samantha points this out:</p>
<blockquotename="0f36"id="0f36"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">His app is free, that’s what sparked the article to begin with.</blockquote>
<pname="40d2"id="40d2"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">The response is literally a parallel to “How can there be global warming if it snowed today in my town?”</p>
<blockquotename="6760"id="6760"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">If it’s free, how have I paid for it? Twice?</blockquote>
<pname="7b13"id="7b13"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">She is still trying:</p>
<blockquotename="44ba"id="44ba"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">You paid $4.99 to unlock functionality in Overcast 1.0 and you chose to support him with no additional functionality in 2.0</blockquote>
<pname="2152"id="2152"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">He is having none of it. IT SNOWED! SNOWWWWWWW!</p>
<blockquotename="99a6"id="99a6"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">Yes. That’s not free. Free is when you choose not to make money. And that can be weaponized. But that’s not what Overcast does.</blockquote>
<pname="5e6f"id="5e6f"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">She however, is relentless:</p>
<blockquotename="1b0f"id="1b0f"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">No, it’s still free. You can choose to support it, you are required to pay $4.99 for Pocket Casts. Totally different model.</blockquote>
<pname="d24f"id="d24f"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Dude seems to give up. (Note: allllll the people bagging on her are men. All of them. Mansplaining like hell. And I’d bet every one of them considers themselves a feminist.)</p>
<pname="10e1"id="10e1"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">We get another guy trying to push the narrative she’s punishing him for his success, which is just…it’s stupid, okay? Stupid.</p>
<blockquotename="9b01"id="9b01"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">It also wasn’t my point in writing my piece today, but it seems to be everyone’s focus.</blockquote>
<pname="340c"id="340c"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">(UNDERSTATEMENT OF THE YEAR)</p>
<blockquotename="7244"id="7244"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">I think the focus should be more on that fact that while it’s difficult, Marco spent years building his audience.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="ffb1"id="ffb1"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">It doesn’t matter what he makes it how he charges. If the audience be earned is willing to pay for it, awesome.</blockquote>
<pname="e44e"id="e44e"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">She tries, oh lord, she tries:</p>
<blockquotename="a502"id="a502"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">To assert that he isn’t doing anything any other dev couldn’t, is wrong. It’s successful because it’s Marco.</blockquote>
<pname="7dcd"id="7dcd"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">But no, HE KNOWS HER POINT BETTER THAN SHE DOES:</p>
<blockquotename="a62a"id="a62a"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">No, it’s successful because he busted his ass to make it so. It’s like any other business. He grew it.</blockquote>
<pname="df8c"id="df8c"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Christ. This is like a field of strawmen. Stupid ones. Very stupid ones.</p>
<pname="521a"id="521a"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">One guy tries to blame it all on Apple, another in a string of Wha??? moments:</p>
<blockquotename="d80d"id="d80d"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">the appropriate context is Apple’s App Store policies. Other devs aren’t Marco’s responsibility</blockquote>
<pname="db0b"id="db0b"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Seriously? Dude, are you even trying to talk about what Samantha actually wrote? At this point, Samantha is clearly mystified at the entire thing:</p>
<blockquotename="7a78"id="7a78"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">Why has the conversation suddenly turned to focus on nothing more than ATP sponsorship income?</blockquote>
<pname="6e09"id="6e09"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Because it’s a nit they can pick and allows them to ignore everything you wrote. That’s the only reason.</p>
<pname="b7db"id="b7db"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">One guy is “confused”:</p>
<blockquotename="3626"id="3626"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">I see. He does have clout, so are you saying he’s too modest in how he sees himself as a dev?</blockquote>
<blockquotename="9daa"id="9daa"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">Yes. He can’t be equated to the vast majority of other developers. Like calling Gruber, “just another blogger”.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="f6da"id="f6da"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">Alright, that’s fair. I was just confused by the $ and fame angle at first.</blockquote>
<pname="d5b1"id="d5b1"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Samantha’s point centers on the benefits Marco gains via his fame and background. <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">HOW DO YOU NOT MENTION THAT? HOW IS THAT CONFUSING?</em></p>
<pname="58d0"id="58d0"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">People of course are telling her it’s her fault for mentioning a salient fact at all:</p>
<blockquotename="30d2"id="30d2"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">Why has the conversation suddenly turned to focus on nothing more than ATP sponsorship income?</blockquote>
<blockquotename="765b"id="765b"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">Maybe because you went there with your article?</blockquote>
<blockquotename="61fe"id="61fe"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">As a way of rationalizing his ability to gamble with the potential for Overcast to generate income…not the norm at all.</blockquote>
<pname="f17c"id="f17c"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Of course, had she not brought up those important points, she’d have been bagged on for “not providing proof”. Lose some, lose more. By now, she’s had enough and she just deletes all mention of it. Understandable, but sad she was bullied into doing that.</p>
<pname="0b60"id="0b60"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Yes, bullied. That’s all this is. Bullying. She didn’t lie, cheat, or exaagerate. If her numbers were wrong, they weren’t wrong in a way she had any ability to do anything about. But there’s blood in the water, and the comments and attacks get worse:</p>
<blockquotename="65ab"id="65ab"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">Because you decided to start a conversation about someone else’s personal shit. You started this war.</blockquote>
<pname="1adb"id="1adb"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">War. THIS. IS. WAR.</p>
<pname="de94"id="de94"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">This is a bunch of nerds attacking someone for reasoned, calm, <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">polite</em> criticism of their friend/idol. Samantha is politely pushing back a bit:</p>
<blockquotename="4458"id="4458"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">That doesn’t explain why every other part of my article is being pushed aside.</blockquote>
<pname="aeac"id="aeac"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">She’s right. This is all nonsense. This is people ignoring her article completely, just looking for things to attack so it can be dismissed. It’s tribalism at its purest.</p>
<pname="0078"id="0078"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Then some of the other annointed get into it, including Jason Snell in one of the most spectactular displays of “I have special knowledge you can’t be expected to have, therefore you are totally off base and wrong, even though there’s no way for you to know this” I’ve seen in a while. Jason:</p>
<blockquotename="c4c9"id="c4c9"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">You should never use an ad rate card to estimate ad revenue from any media product ever.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="b66b"id="b66b"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">I learned this when I started working for a magazine—rate cards are mostly fiction, like prices on new cars</blockquote>
<pname="6907"id="6907"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">How…exactly…in the name of whatever deity Jason may believe in…is Samantha or anyone not “in the biz” supposed to know this. Also, what exactly does a magazine on paper like Macworld have to do with sponsorships for a podcast? I have done podcasts that were sponsored, and I can retaliate with “we charged what the rate card said we did. <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">Checkmate Elitests!</em>”</p>
<pname="41ec"id="41ec"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Samantha basically abases herself at his feet:</p>
<blockquotename="0b14"id="0b14"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">I understand my mistake, and it’s unfortunate that it has completely diluted the point of my article.</blockquote>
<pname="590f"id="590f"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">I think she should have told him where and how to stuff that nonsense, but she’s a nicer person than I am. Also, it’s appropriate that Jason’s twitter avatar has its nose in the air. This is some rank snobbery. It’s disgusting and if anyone pulled that on him, Jason would be very upset. But hey, one cannot criticize The Marco without getting pushback. By “pushback”, I mean “an unrelenting fecal flood”.</p>
<pname="69dc"id="69dc"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Her only mistake was criticizing one of the Kool Kids. Folks, if you criticize anyone in The Deck Clique, or their friends, expect the same thing, regardless of tone or point.</p>
<blockquotename="957b"id="957b"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">so just looking over your mentions, I’m curious what exactly was your main point? Ignoring the podcast income bits.</blockquote>
<pname="0a7e"id="0a7e"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Oh wait, he didn’t even read the article. Good on you, Dev Guy, good. on. you. Still, she plays nice <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">with someone who didn’t even read her article</em>:</p>
<blockquotename="f7db"id="f7db"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">That a typical unknown developer can’t depend on patronage to generate revenue, and charging for apps will become a negative.</blockquote>
<pname="937f"id="937f"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Marco comes back of course, and now basically accuses her of lying about other devs talking to her and supporting her point:</p>
<blockquotename="c9dd"id="c9dd"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">How many actual developers did you hear from, really? Funny how almost nobody wants to give a (real) name on these accusations.</blockquote>
<pname="c522"id="c522"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Really? You’re going to do that? “There’s no name, so I don’t think it’s a real person.” Just…what’s the Joe Welch quote from the McCarthy hearings?</p>
<blockquotename="907e"id="907e"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">Let us not assassinate this lad further, Senator. You’ve done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir? At long last, have you left no sense of decency?</blockquote>
<pname="2158"id="2158"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">That is what this is at this point: character assasination because she said something critical of A Popular Person. It’s disgusting. Depressing and disgusting. No one, none of these people have seriously discussed her point, heck, it looks like they barely bothered to read it, if they did at all.</p>
<pname="13f8"id="13f8"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Marco starts getting really petty with her (no big shock) and Samantha finally starts pushing back:</p>
<blockquotename="96c6"id="96c6"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">Glad to see you be the bigger person and ignore the mindset of so many developers not relating to you, good for you!</blockquote>
<pname="5d3f"id="5d3f"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">That of course, is what caused Marco to question the validity, if not the existence of her sources. (Funny how anonymous sources are totes okay when they convenience Marco et al, and work for oh, <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">Apple</em>, but when they are inconvenient? Ha! PROVIDE ME PROOF YOU INTEMPERATE WOMAN!)</p>
<pname="c07c"id="c07c"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Make no mistake, there’s some sexist shit going on here. Every tweet I’ve quoted was authored by a guy.</p>
<pname="8b32"id="8b32"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Of course, Marco has to play the “I’ve been around longer than you” card with this bon mot:</p>
<blockquotename="de26"id="de26"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">Yup, before you existed!</blockquote>
<pname="a3bd"id="a3bd"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Really dude? I mean, I’m sorry about the penis, but really?</p>
<pname="1c51"id="1c51"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Mind you, when the criticism isn’t just bizarrely stupid, Samantha reacts the way Marco and his ilk claim they would to (if they ever got any <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">valid</em> criticism. Which clearly is impossible):</p>
<blockquotename="9848"id="9848"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">Not to get into the middle of this, but “income” is not the term you’re looking for. “Revenue” is.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="aed9"id="aed9"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">And I wasn’t intending to be a dick, just a lot of people hear/say “income” when they intend “revenue”, and then discussion …</blockquote>
<blockquotename="f9d8"id="f9d8"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">… gets derailed by a jedi handwave of “Expenses”. But outside of charitable donation, it is all directly related.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="f61c"id="f61c"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">haha. Thank you for the clarification.</blockquote>
<pname="5dd9"id="5dd9"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Note to Marco and the other…whatever they are…that is how one reacts to that kind of criticism. With a bit of humor and self-deprecation. You should try it sometime. For real, not just in your heads or conversations in Irish Pubs in S.F.</p>
<pname="dc44"id="dc44"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">But now, the door has been cracked, and the cheap shots come out:</p>
<blockquotename="0c94"id="0c94"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">@testflight_app: Don’t worry guys, we process <ahref="https://twitter.com/marcoarment"data-href="https://twitter.com/marcoarment"class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@marcoarment</a>’s apps in direct proportion to his megabucks earnings. <ahref="https://twitter.com/hashtag/fairelephant?src=hash"data-href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/fairelephant?src=hash" class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">#fairelephant</a></blockquote>
<pname="343b"id="343b"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">(Note: testflight_app is a parody account. Please do not mess with the actual testflight folks. They are still cool.)</p>
<pname="0fb2">The response, from all quarters, including Marco, someone who is so sensitive to criticism that the word “useless” is <ahref="http://www.marco.org/2011/03/30/here-is-a-tip-for-all-the-non-developers-out"data-href="http://www.marco.org/2011/03/30/here-is-a-tip-for-all-the-non-developers-out" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">enough to shut him down</a>, who <ahref="https://twitter.com/marcoarment/status/641330113934700544"data-href="https://twitter.com/marcoarment/status/641330113934700544" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">blocked a friend of mine for the high crime of pointing out that his review of podcasting mics centered around higher priced gear and ignored folks without the scratch, who might not be ready for such things</a>, is, in a single word, disgusting. Vomitous even.</p>
<pname="9a6e">It’s an hours-long dogpile that beggars even my imagination, and I can imagine almost anything. Seriously, it’s all there in <ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld/with_replies"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld/with_replies" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">Samantha’s Twitter Feed</a>. From what I can tell, she’s understandably shocked over it. I however was not. This one comment in her feed made me smile (warning, this wanders a bit…er…LOT. Twitter timelines are not easy to put together):</p>
<blockquotename="3271">I can see why you have some reservations about publishing it, but my gut feeling is that he would take it better than Nilay.</blockquote>
<pname="ec72">Oh honey, bless your sweet, ignorant heart. Marco is one of the biggest pushers of The Big Lie, and one of the reasons it is <em>such</em> a lie.</p>
<pname="5cc4">But it gets better. First, you have the “hey, Marco <em>earned</em> his status!” lot. A valid point, and one Bielefeld explicitly acknowledges, here:</p>
<blockquotename="4e5f">From his ground floor involvement in Tumblr (for which he is now a millionaire), to the creation and sale of a wildly successful app called Instapaper, he has become a household name in technology minded circles. It is this extensive time spent in the spotlight, the huge following on Twitter, and dedicated listeners of his weekly aired Accidental Tech Podcast, that has granted him the freedom to break from seeking revenue in more traditional manners.</blockquote>
<pname="cee9">and here:</p>
<blockquotename="3f1b">I’m not knocking his success, he has put effort into his line of work, and has built his own life.</blockquote>
<pname="e527">and here:</p>
<blockquotename="3e4f">He has earned his time in the spotlight, and it’s only natural for him to take advantage of it.</blockquote>
<pname="8a01">But still, you get the people telling her something she already acknowledge:</p>
<blockquotename="7685">I don’t think he’s blind. he’s worked to where he has gotten and has had failures like everyone else.</blockquote>
<pname="b151">Thank you for restating something in the article. To the person who wrote it.</p>
<pname="87bc">In the original article, Samantha talked about the money Marco makes from his podcast. She based that on the numbers <ahref="http://atp.fm/sponsor/"data-href="http://atp.fm/sponsor/" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">provided by ATP in terms of sponsorship rates</a> and the number of current sponsors the podcast has. Is this going to yield perfect numbers? No. But the numbers you get from it will at least be reasonable, or should be unless the published sponsorship rates are just fantasy, and you’re stupid for taking them seriously.</p>
<pname="dbda">At first, she went with a simple formula:</p>
<blockquotename="1b4e">$4K x 3 per episode = $12K x 52 weeks / 3 hosts splitting it.</blockquote>
<pname="0b33">That’s not someone making shit up, right? Rather quickly, someone pointed out that she’d made an error in how she calculated it:</p>
<blockquotename="76d7">That’s $4k per ad, no? So more like $12–16k per episode.</blockquote>
<pname="a089">She’d already realized her mistake and fixed it.</p>
<blockquotename="b369">which is actually wrong, and I’m correcting now. $4,000 per sponsor, per episode! So, $210,000 per year.</blockquote>
<pname="8b3b">Again, this is based on <em>publicly available data</em> the only kind someone not part of ATP or a close friend of Arment has access to. So while her numbers may be wrong, if they are, there’s no way for her to know that. She’s basing her opinion on actual available data. Which is sadly rare.</p>
<pname="135a">This becomes a huge flashpoint. You name a reason to attack her over this, people do. No really. For example, she’s not calculating his <em>income taxes correctly</em>:</p>
<blockquotename="5e7e">especially since it isn’t his only source of income thus, not an indicator of his marginal inc. tax bracket.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="6036">thus, guessing net income is more haphazard than stating approx. gross income.</blockquote>
<pname="aac1">Ye Gods. She’s not doing his taxes for him, her point is invalid?</p>
<pname="600f">Then there’s the people who seem to have not read anything past what other people are telling them:</p>
<blockquotename="9b62">Not sure what to make of your Marco piece, to be honest. You mention his fame, whatever, but what’s the main idea here?</blockquote>
<pname="c18a">Just how spoon-fed do you have to be? Have you no teeth?</p>
<pname="c445">Of course, Marco jumps in, and predictably, he’s snippy:</p>
<blockquotename="0c21">If you’re going to speak in precise absolutes, it’s best to first ensure that you’re correct.</blockquote>
<pname="8f8d">If you’re going to be like that, it’s best to provide better data. Don’t get snippy when someone is going off the only data available, and is clearly open to revising based on better data.</p>
<pname="cc97">Then Marco’s friends/fans get into it:</p>
<pname="0094">Samantha is trying to qualify for sainthood at this point:</p>
<blockquotename="0105">It isn’t really, it was a way of putting his income in context in regards to his ability to gamble with Overcast.</blockquote>
<pname="cdd1">Again, she’s trying to drag people back to her actual point, but no one is going to play. The storm has begun. Then we get people who are just spouting nonsense:</p>
<blockquotename="f56c">Why is that only relevant for him? It’s a pretty weird metric,especially since his apps aren’t free.</blockquote>
<pname="4fef">Wha?? Overcast 2 is absolutely free. Samantha points this out:</p>
<blockquotename="0f36">His app is free, that’s what sparked the article to begin with.</blockquote>
<pname="40d2">The response is literally a parallel to “How can there be global warming if it snowed today in my town?”</p>
<blockquotename="6760">If it’s free, how have I paid for it? Twice?</blockquote>
<pname="7b13">She is still trying:</p>
<blockquotename="44ba">You paid $4.99 to unlock functionality in Overcast 1.0 and you chose to support him with no additional functionality in 2.0</blockquote>
<pname="2152">He is having none of it. IT SNOWED! SNOWWWWWWW!</p>
<blockquotename="99a6">Yes. That’s not free. Free is when you choose not to make money. And that can be weaponized. But that’s not what Overcast does.</blockquote>
<pname="5e6f">She however, is relentless:</p>
<blockquotename="1b0f">No, it’s still free. You can choose to support it, you are required to pay $4.99 for Pocket Casts. Totally different model.</blockquote>
<pname="d24f">Dude seems to give up. (Note: allllll the people bagging on her are men. All of them. Mansplaining like hell. And I’d bet every one of them considers themselves a feminist.)</p>
<pname="10e1">We get another guy trying to push the narrative she’s punishing him for his success, which is just…it’s stupid, okay? Stupid.</p>
<blockquotename="9b01">It also wasn’t my point in writing my piece today, but it seems to be everyone’s focus.</blockquote>
<pname="340c">(UNDERSTATEMENT OF THE YEAR)</p>
<blockquotename="7244">I think the focus should be more on that fact that while it’s difficult, Marco spent years building his audience.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="ffb1">It doesn’t matter what he makes it how he charges. If the audience be earned is willing to pay for it, awesome.</blockquote>
<pname="e44e">She tries, oh lord, she tries:</p>
<blockquotename="a502">To assert that he isn’t doing anything any other dev couldn’t, is wrong. It’s successful because it’s Marco.</blockquote>
<pname="7dcd">But no, HE KNOWS HER POINT BETTER THAN SHE DOES:</p>
<blockquotename="a62a">No, it’s successful because he busted his ass to make it so. It’s like any other business. He grew it.</blockquote>
<pname="df8c">Christ. This is like a field of strawmen. Stupid ones. Very stupid ones.</p>
<pname="521a">One guy tries to blame it all on Apple, another in a string of Wha??? moments:</p>
<blockquotename="d80d">the appropriate context is Apple’s App Store policies. Other devs aren’t Marco’s responsibility</blockquote>
<pname="db0b">Seriously? Dude, are you even trying to talk about what Samantha actually wrote? At this point, Samantha is clearly mystified at the entire thing:</p>
<blockquotename="7a78">Why has the conversation suddenly turned to focus on nothing more than ATP sponsorship income?</blockquote>
<pname="6e09">Because it’s a nit they can pick and allows them to ignore everything you wrote. That’s the only reason.</p>
<pname="b7db">One guy is “confused”:</p>
<blockquotename="3626">I see. He does have clout, so are you saying he’s too modest in how he sees himself as a dev?</blockquote>
<blockquotename="9daa">Yes. He can’t be equated to the vast majority of other developers. Like calling Gruber, “just another blogger”.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="f6da">Alright, that’s fair. I was just confused by the $ and fame angle at first.</blockquote>
<pname="d5b1">Samantha’s point centers on the benefits Marco gains via his fame and background. <em>HOW DO YOU NOT MENTION THAT? HOW IS THAT CONFUSING?</em></p>
<pname="58d0">People of course are telling her it’s her fault for mentioning a salient fact at all:</p>
<blockquotename="30d2">Why has the conversation suddenly turned to focus on nothing more than ATP sponsorship income?</blockquote>
<blockquotename="765b">Maybe because you went there with your article?</blockquote>
<blockquotename="61fe">As a way of rationalizing his ability to gamble with the potential for Overcast to generate income…not the norm at all.</blockquote>
<pname="f17c">Of course, had she not brought up those important points, she’d have been bagged on for “not providing proof”. Lose some, lose more. By now, she’s had enough and she just deletes all mention of it. Understandable, but sad she was bullied into doing that.</p>
<pname="0b60">Yes, bullied. That’s all this is. Bullying. She didn’t lie, cheat, or exaagerate. If her numbers were wrong, they weren’t wrong in a way she had any ability to do anything about. But there’s blood in the water, and the comments and attacks get worse:</p>
<blockquotename="65ab">Because you decided to start a conversation about someone else’s personal shit. You started this war.</blockquote>
<pname="1adb">War. THIS. IS. WAR.</p>
<pname="de94">This is a bunch of nerds attacking someone for reasoned, calm, <em>polite</em> criticism of their friend/idol. Samantha is politely pushing back a bit:</p>
<blockquotename="4458">That doesn’t explain why every other part of my article is being pushed aside.</blockquote>
<pname="aeac">She’s right. This is all nonsense. This is people ignoring her article completely, just looking for things to attack so it can be dismissed. It’s tribalism at its purest.</p>
<pname="0078">Then some of the other annointed get into it, including Jason Snell in one of the most spectactular displays of “I have special knowledge you can’t be expected to have, therefore you are totally off base and wrong, even though there’s no way for you to know this” I’ve seen in a while. Jason:</p>
<blockquotename="c4c9">You should never use an ad rate card to estimate ad revenue from any media product ever.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="b66b">I learned this when I started working for a magazine—rate cards are mostly fiction, like prices on new cars</blockquote>
<pname="6907">How…exactly…in the name of whatever deity Jason may believe in…is Samantha or anyone not “in the biz” supposed to know this. Also, what exactly does a magazine on paper like Macworld have to do with sponsorships for a podcast? I have done podcasts that were sponsored, and I can retaliate with “we charged what the rate card said we did. <em>Checkmate Elitests!</em>”</p>
<pname="41ec">Samantha basically abases herself at his feet:</p>
<blockquotename="0b14">I understand my mistake, and it’s unfortunate that it has completely diluted the point of my article.</blockquote>
<pname="590f">I think she should have told him where and how to stuff that nonsense, but she’s a nicer person than I am. Also, it’s appropriate that Jason’s twitter avatar has its nose in the air. This is some rank snobbery. It’s disgusting and if anyone pulled that on him, Jason would be very upset. But hey, one cannot criticize The Marco without getting pushback. By “pushback”, I mean “an unrelenting fecal flood”.</p>
<pname="69dc">Her only mistake was criticizing one of the Kool Kids. Folks, if you criticize anyone in The Deck Clique, or their friends, expect the same thing, regardless of tone or point.</p>
<blockquotename="957b">so just looking over your mentions, I’m curious what exactly was your main point? Ignoring the podcast income bits.</blockquote>
<pname="0a7e">Oh wait, he didn’t even read the article. Good on you, Dev Guy, good. on. you. Still, she plays nice <em>with someone who didn’t even read her article</em>:</p>
<blockquotename="f7db">That a typical unknown developer can’t depend on patronage to generate revenue, and charging for apps will become a negative.</blockquote>
<pname="937f">Marco comes back of course, and now basically accuses her of lying about other devs talking to her and supporting her point:</p>
<blockquotename="c9dd">How many actual developers did you hear from, really? Funny how almost nobody wants to give a (real) name on these accusations.</blockquote>
<pname="c522">Really? You’re going to do that? “There’s no name, so I don’t think it’s a real person.” Just…what’s the Joe Welch quote from the McCarthy hearings?</p>
<blockquotename="907e">Let us not assassinate this lad further, Senator. You’ve done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir? At long last, have you left no sense of decency?</blockquote>
<pname="2158">That is what this is at this point: character assasination because she said something critical of A Popular Person. It’s disgusting. Depressing and disgusting. No one, none of these people have seriously discussed her point, heck, it looks like they barely bothered to read it, if they did at all.</p>
<pname="13f8">Marco starts getting really petty with her (no big shock) and Samantha finally starts pushing back:</p>
<blockquotename="96c6">Glad to see you be the bigger person and ignore the mindset of so many developers not relating to you, good for you!</blockquote>
<pname="5d3f">That of course, is what caused Marco to question the validity, if not the existence of her sources. (Funny how anonymous sources are totes okay when they convenience Marco et al, and work for oh, <em>Apple</em>, but when they are inconvenient? Ha! PROVIDE ME PROOF YOU INTEMPERATE WOMAN!)</p>
<pname="c07c">Make no mistake, there’s some sexist shit going on here. Every tweet I’ve quoted was authored by a guy.</p>
<pname="8b32">Of course, Marco has to play the “I’ve been around longer than you” card with this bon mot:</p>
<blockquotename="de26">Yup, before you existed!</blockquote>
<pname="a3bd">Really dude? I mean, I’m sorry about the penis, but really?</p>
<pname="1c51">Mind you, when the criticism isn’t just bizarrely stupid, Samantha reacts the way Marco and his ilk claim they would to (if they ever got any <em>valid</em> criticism. Which clearly is impossible):</p>
<blockquotename="9848">Not to get into the middle of this, but “income” is not the term you’re looking for. “Revenue” is.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="f2a6">lol. Noted.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="aed9">And I wasn’t intending to be a dick, just a lot of people hear/say “income” when they intend “revenue”, and then discussion …</blockquote>
<blockquotename="f9d8">… gets derailed by a jedi handwave of “Expenses”. But outside of charitable donation, it is all directly related.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="f61c">haha. Thank you for the clarification.</blockquote>
<pname="5dd9">Note to Marco and the other…whatever they are…that is how one reacts to that kind of criticism. With a bit of humor and self-deprecation. You should try it sometime. For real, not just in your heads or conversations in Irish Pubs in S.F.</p>
<pname="dc44">But now, the door has been cracked, and the cheap shots come out:</p>
<blockquotename="0c94">@testflight_app: Don’t worry guys, we process <ahref="https://twitter.com/marcoarment"data-href="https://twitter.com/marcoarment" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@marcoarment</a>’s apps in direct proportion to his megabucks earnings. <ahref="https://twitter.com/hashtag/fairelephant?src=hash"data-href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/fairelephant?src=hash" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">#fairelephant</a></blockquote>
<pname="343b">(Note: testflight_app is a parody account. Please do not mess with the actual testflight folks. They are still cool.)</p>
<pname="09bf">Or this…conversation:</p>
<figurename="4d63">
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</figure>
<pname="f2a3"id="f2a3"class="graf graf--p graf-after--figure">Good job guys. Good job. Defend the tribe. Attack the other. Frederico attempts to recover from his stunning display of demeaning douchery: <ahref="https://twitter.com/viticci"data-href="https://twitter.com/viticci"class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@viticci</a>: <ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@s_bielefeld</a> I don’t know if it’s an Italian thing, but counting other people’s money is especially weird for me. IMO, bad move in the post.</p>
<pname="ae0c"id="ae0c"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Samantha is clearly sick of his crap: <ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@s_bielefeld</a>: <ahref="https://twitter.com/viticci"data-href="https://twitter.com/viticci" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@viticci</a> That’s what I’m referring to, the mistake of ever having mentioned it. So, now, Marco can ignore the bigger issue and go on living.</p>
<pname="2047"id="2047"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Good for her. There’s being patient and being roadkill.</p>
<pname="4139"id="4139"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Samantha does put the call out for her sources to maybe let her use their names:</p>
<blockquotename="6626"id="6626"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">From all of you I heard from earlier, anyone care to go on record?</blockquote>
<pname="8a7d"id="8a7d"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">My good friend, The Angry Drunk points out the obvious problem:</p>
<blockquotename="68c9"id="68c9"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">Nobody’s going to go on record when they count on Marco’s friends for their PR.</blockquote>
<pname="317d"id="317d"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">This is true. Again, the sites that are Friends of Marco:</p>
<pname="643e"id="643e"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">A few others, but I want this post to end one day.</p>
<pname="6b76"id="6b76"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">You piss that crew off, and given how petty rather a few of them have demonstrated they are, good luck on getting any kind of notice from them.</p>
<pname="f7d1"id="f7d1"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Of course, the idea this could happen is just craycray:</p>
<blockquotename="de59"id="de59"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p"><ahref="https://twitter.com/KevinColeman"data-href="https://twitter.com/KevinColeman"class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@KevinColeman </a><ahref="https://twitter.com/Angry_Drunk"data-href="https://twitter.com/Angry_Drunk"class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">.@Angry_Drunk</a><ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@s_bielefeld</a><ahref="https://twitter.com/marcoarment"data-href="https://twitter.com/marcoarment"class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@marcoarment</a> Wow, you guys are veering right into crazy conspiracy theory territory. <ahref="https://twitter.com/hashtag/JetFuelCantMeltSteelBeams?src=hash"data-href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/JetFuelCantMeltSteelBeams?src=hash" class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">#JetFuelCantMeltSteelBeams</a></blockquote>
<pname="f01b"id="f01b"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Yeah. Because a mature person like Marco would never do anything like that.</p>
<pname="7e30"id="7e30"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Of course, the real point on this is starting to happen:</p>
<blockquotename="5d93"id="5d93"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">you’re getting a lot of heat now but happy you are writing things that stir up the community. Hope you continue to be a voice!</blockquote>
<blockquotename="436b"id="436b"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">I doubt I will.</blockquote>
<pname="ac25"id="ac25"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">See, they’ve done their job. Mess with the bull, you get the horns. Maybe you should find another thing to write about, this isn’t a good place for you. <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">Great</em> job y’all.</p>
<pname="07ba"id="07ba"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Some people aren’t even pretending. They’re just in full strawman mode:</p>
<blockquotename="3d60"id="3d60"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p"><ahref="https://twitter.com/timkeller"data-href="https://twitter.com/timkeller" class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@timkeller: </a>Unfair to begrudge a person for leveraging past success, especially when that success is earned. No ‘luck’ involved.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="87f5"id="87f5"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote"><ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@s_bielefeld: </a><ahref="https://twitter.com/timkeller"data-href="https://twitter.com/timkeller" class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@timkeller</a> I plainly stated that I don’t hold his doing this against him. Way to twist words.</blockquote>
<pname="3720"id="3720"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">I think she’s earned her anger at this point.</p>
<pname="7341"id="7341"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Don’t worry, Marco knows what the real problem is: most devs just suck —</p>
<pname="f2a3">Good job guys. Good job. Defend the tribe. Attack the other. Frederico attempts to recover from his stunning display of demeaning douchery: <ahref="https://twitter.com/viticci"data-href="https://twitter.com/viticci" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@viticci</a>: <ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@s_bielefeld</a> I don’t know if it’s an Italian thing, but counting other people’s money is especially weird for me. IMO, bad move in the post.</p>
<pname="ae0c">Samantha is clearly sick of his crap: <ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@s_bielefeld</a>: <ahref="https://twitter.com/viticci"data-href="https://twitter.com/viticci" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@viticci</a> That’s what I’m referring to, the mistake of ever having mentioned it. So, now, Marco can ignore the bigger issue and go on living.</p>
<pname="2047">Good for her. There’s being patient and being roadkill.</p>
<pname="4139">Samantha does put the call out for her sources to maybe let her use their names:</p>
<blockquotename="6626">From all of you I heard from earlier, anyone care to go on record?</blockquote>
<pname="8a7d">My good friend, The Angry Drunk points out the obvious problem:</p>
<blockquotename="68c9">Nobody’s going to go on record when they count on Marco’s friends for their PR.</blockquote>
<pname="317d">This is true. Again, the sites that are Friends of Marco:</p>
<pname="9523">Daring Fireball</p>
<pname="dbc7">The Loop</p>
<pname="c706">SixColors</p>
<pname="0acb">iMore</p>
<pname="8c8c">MacStories</p>
<pname="643e">A few others, but I want this post to end one day.</p>
<pname="6b76">You piss that crew off, and given how petty rather a few of them have demonstrated they are, good luck on getting any kind of notice from them.</p>
<pname="f7d1">Of course, the idea this could happen is just craycray:</p>
<blockquotename="de59"><ahref="https://twitter.com/KevinColeman"data-href="https://twitter.com/KevinColeman" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@KevinColeman </a><ahref="https://twitter.com/Angry_Drunk"data-href="https://twitter.com/Angry_Drunk" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">.@Angry_Drunk</a><ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@s_bielefeld</a><ahref="https://twitter.com/marcoarment"data-href="https://twitter.com/marcoarment" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@marcoarment</a> Wow, you guys are veering right into crazy conspiracy theory territory. <ahref="https://twitter.com/hashtag/JetFuelCantMeltSteelBeams?src=hash"data-href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/JetFuelCantMeltSteelBeams?src=hash" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">#JetFuelCantMeltSteelBeams</a></blockquote>
<pname="f01b">Yeah. Because a mature person like Marco would never do anything like that.</p>
<pname="7e30">Of course, the real point on this is starting to happen:</p>
<blockquotename="5d93">you’re getting a lot of heat now but happy you are writing things that stir up the community. Hope you continue to be a voice!</blockquote>
<blockquotename="436b">I doubt I will.</blockquote>
<pname="ac25">See, they’ve done their job. Mess with the bull, you get the horns. Maybe you should find another thing to write about, this isn’t a good place for you. <em>Great</em> job y’all.</p>
<pname="07ba">Some people aren’t even pretending. They’re just in full strawman mode:</p>
<blockquotename="3d60"><ahref="https://twitter.com/timkeller"data-href="https://twitter.com/timkeller" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@timkeller: </a>Unfair to begrudge a person for leveraging past success, especially when that success is earned. No ‘luck’ involved.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="87f5"><ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@s_bielefeld: </a><ahref="https://twitter.com/timkeller"data-href="https://twitter.com/timkeller" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@timkeller</a> I plainly stated that I don’t hold his doing this against him. Way to twist words.</blockquote>
<pname="3720">I think she’s earned her anger at this point.</p>
<pname="7341">Don’t worry, Marco knows what the real problem is: most devs just suck —</p>
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</figure>
<pname="503d"id="503d"class="graf graf--p graf-after--figure">I have a saying that applies in this case: don’t place your head so far up your nethers that you go full Klein Bottle. Marco has gone full Klein Bottle. (To be correct, he went FKB some years ago.)</p>
<pname="b8c0"id="b8c0"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">There are some bright spots. My favorite is when Building Twenty points out the <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">real</em> elephant in the room:</p>
<blockquotename="36f4"id="36f4"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p"><ahref="https://twitter.com/BuildingTwenty"data-href="https://twitter.com/BuildingTwenty"class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@BuildingTwenty</a>: Both <ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@s_bielefeld</a>& I wrote similar critiques of <ahref="https://twitter.com/marcoarment"data-href="https://twitter.com/marcoarment" class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@marcoarment</a>’s pricing model yet the Internet pilloried only the woman. Who’d have guessed?</blockquote>
<pname="eff9"id="eff9"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Another bright spot are these comments from Ian Betteridge, who has been doing this <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">even longer than Marco</em>:</p>
<blockquotename="18f1"id="18f1"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">You know, any writer who has never made a single factual error in a piece hasn’t ever written anything worth reading.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="9776"id="9776"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">I learned my job with the support of people who helped me. Had I suffered an Internet pile on for every error I wouldn’t have bothered.</blockquote>
<pname="8d44"id="8d44"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">To which Samantha understandably replies:</p>
<blockquotename="7147"id="7147"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">and it’s honestly something I’m contemplating right now, whether to continue…</blockquote>
<pname="e0cd"id="e0cd"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">Gee, I can’t imagine why. Why with comments like this from Chris Breen that completely misrepresent Samantha’s point, (who until today, I would have absolutely defended as being better than this, something I am genuinely saddened to be wrong about), why wouldn’t she want to continue doing this?</p>
<blockquotename="a379"id="a379"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">If I have this right, some people are outraged that a creator has decided to give away his work.</blockquote>
<pname="f026"id="f026"class="graf graf--p graf-after--blockquote">No Chris, you don’t have this right. But hey, who has time to find out the real issue and read an article. I’m sure your friends told you everything you need to know.</p>
<pname="e1c2"id="e1c2"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Noted Feminist Glenn Fleishman gets a piece of the action too:</p>
<pname="503d">I have a saying that applies in this case: don’t place your head so far up your nethers that you go full Klein Bottle. Marco has gone full Klein Bottle. (To be correct, he went FKB some years ago.)</p>
<pname="b8c0">There are some bright spots. My favorite is when Building Twenty points out the <em>real</em> elephant in the room:</p>
<blockquotename="36f4"><ahref="https://twitter.com/BuildingTwenty"data-href="https://twitter.com/BuildingTwenty" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@BuildingTwenty</a>: Both <ahref="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld"data-href="https://twitter.com/s_bielefeld" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@s_bielefeld</a>& I wrote similar critiques of <ahref="https://twitter.com/marcoarment"data-href="https://twitter.com/marcoarment" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">@marcoarment</a>’s pricing model yet the Internet pilloried only the woman. Who’d have guessed?</blockquote>
<pname="06b9">Yup.</p>
<pname="eff9">Another bright spot are these comments from Ian Betteridge, who has been doing this <em>even longer than Marco</em>:</p>
<blockquotename="18f1">You know, any writer who has never made a single factual error in a piece hasn’t ever written anything worth reading.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="9776">I learned my job with the support of people who helped me. Had I suffered an Internet pile on for every error I wouldn’t have bothered.</blockquote>
<pname="8d44">To which Samantha understandably replies:</p>
<blockquotename="7147">and it’s honestly something I’m contemplating right now, whether to continue…</blockquote>
<pname="e0cd">Gee, I can’t imagine why. Why with comments like this from Chris Breen that completely misrepresent Samantha’s point, (who until today, I would have absolutely defended as being better than this, something I am genuinely saddened to be wrong about), why wouldn’t she want to continue doing this?</p>
<blockquotename="a379">If I have this right, some people are outraged that a creator has decided to give away his work.</blockquote>
<pname="f026">No Chris, you don’t have this right. But hey, who has time to find out the real issue and read an article. I’m sure your friends told you everything you need to know.</p>
<pname="e1c2">Noted Feminist Glenn Fleishman gets a piece of the action too:</p>
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<pname="4df8"id="4df8"class="graf graf--p graf-after--figure">I’m not actually surprised here. I watched Fleishman berate a friend of mine who has been an engineer for…heck, waaaaay too long on major software products in the most condescending way because she tried to point out that as a <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">very</em> technical woman, “The Magazine” literally had nothing to say to her and maybe he should fix that. “Impertinent” was I believe what he called her, but I may have the specific word wrong. Not the attitude mind you. Great Feminists like Glenn do not like uppity women criticizing Great Feminists who are their Great Allies.</p>
<pname="bf45"id="bf45"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--trailing">Great Feminists are often tools.</p>
<pname="4df8">I’m not actually surprised here. I watched Fleishman berate a friend of mine who has been an engineer for…heck, waaaaay too long on major software products in the most condescending way because she tried to point out that as a <em>very</em> technical woman, “The Magazine” literally had nothing to say to her and maybe he should fix that. “Impertinent” was I believe what he called her, but I may have the specific word wrong. Not the attitude mind you. Great Feminists like Glenn do not like uppity women criticizing Great Feminists who are their Great Allies.</p>
<pname="bf45">Great Feminists are often tools.</p>
<pname="45bb"id="45bb"class="graf graf--p graf--leading">Luckily, I hope, the people who get Samantha’s point also started chiming in (and you get 100% of the women commenting here that I’ve seen):</p>
<blockquotename="c053"id="c053"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--p">I don’t think he’s wrong for doing it, he just discusses it as if the market’s a level playing field—it isn’t</blockquote>
<blockquotename="7b5e"id="7b5e"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">This is a great article with lots of great points about the sustainability of iOS development. Thank you for publishing it.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="a321"id="a321"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">Regardless of the numbers and your view of MA, fair points here about confirmation bias in app marketing feasibility <ahref="http://t.co/u79ZLsnhdM"data-href="http://t.co/u79ZLsnhdM" class="markup--anchor markup--blockquote-anchor" title="http://samanthabielefeld.com/the-elephant-in-the-room"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">http://samanthabielefeld.com/the-elephant-in-the-room …</a></blockquote>
<blockquotename="76fe"id="76fe"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">thank you for posting this, it covers a lot of things people don’t like to talk about.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="bf90"id="bf90"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote">I’m sure you have caught untold amounts of flak over posting this because Marco is blind to his privilege as a developer.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="0f66"id="0f66"class="graf graf--blockquote graf-after--blockquote graf--trailing">Catching up on the debate, and agreeing with Harry’s remark. (Enjoyed your article, Samantha, and ‘got’ your point.)</blockquote>
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<div>
<pname="45bb">Luckily, I hope, the people who get Samantha’s point also started chiming in (and you get 100% of the women commenting here that I’ve seen):</p>
<blockquotename="c053">I don’t think he’s wrong for doing it, he just discusses it as if the market’s a level playing field—it isn’t</blockquote>
<blockquotename="7b5e">This is a great article with lots of great points about the sustainability of iOS development. Thank you for publishing it.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="a321">Regardless of the numbers and your view of MA, fair points here about confirmation bias in app marketing feasibility <ahref="http://t.co/u79ZLsnhdM"data-href="http://t.co/u79ZLsnhdM" title="http://samanthabielefeld.com/the-elephant-in-the-room"rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">http://samanthabielefeld.com/the-elephant-in-the-room …</a></blockquote>
<blockquotename="76fe">thank you for posting this, it covers a lot of things people don’t like to talk about.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="bf90">I’m sure you have caught untold amounts of flak over posting this because Marco is blind to his privilege as a developer.</blockquote>
<blockquotename="0f66">Catching up on the debate, and agreeing with Harry’s remark. (Enjoyed your article, Samantha, and ‘got’ your point.)</blockquote>
<pname="6134"id="6134"class="graf graf--p graf--leading">I would like to say I’m surprised at the reaction to Samantha’s article, but I’m not. In spite of his loud declarations of support for The Big Lie, Marco Arment is as bad at any form of criticism that he hasn’t already approved as a very insecure tween. An example from 2011: <ahref="http://www.businessinsider.com/marco-arment-2011-9"data-href="http://www.businessinsider.com/marco-arment-2011-9" class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">http://www.businessinsider.com/marco-arment-2011-9</a></p>
<pname="ba3c"id="ba3c"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Marco is great with criticism as long as it never actually criticizes him. If it does, be prepared a flood of petty, petulant whining that a room full of bored preschoolers on a hot day would be hard-pressed to match.</p>
<pname="a5a0"id="a5a0"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Today has been…well, it sucks. It sucks because someone doing what all the Arments of the world claim to want was naive enough to believe what they were told, and found out the hard way just how big a lie The Big Lie is, and how vicious people are when you’re silly enough to believe anything they say about criticism.</p>
<pname="2a25"id="2a25"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">And note again, every single condescending crack, misrepresentation, and strawman had an exclusively male source. Most of them have, at one point or another, loudly trumpted themselves as Feminist Allies, as a friend to women struggling with the sexism and misogyny in tech. Congratulations y’all on being just as bad as the people you claim to oppose.</p>
<pname="a47a"id="a47a"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">Samantha has handled this better than anyone else could have. My respect for her as a person and a writer is off the charts. If she choses to walk away from blogging in the Apple space, <emclass="markup--em markup--p-em">believe me</em> I understand. As bad as today was for her, I’ve seen worse. Much worse.</p>
<pname="aa8e"id="aa8e"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">But I hope she doesn’t. I hope she stays, because she is Doing This Right, and in a corner of the internet that has become naught but an endless circle jerk, a cliquish collection, a churlish, childish cohort interested not in writing or the truth, but in making sure The Right People are elevated, and The Others put down, she is someone worth reading and listening to. The number people who owe her apologies goes around the block, and I don’t think she’ll ever see a one. I’m sure as heck not apologizing for them, I’ll not make their lives easier in the least.</p>
<pname="34c5"id="34c5"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p">All of you, all. of. you…Marco, Breen, Snell, Vittici, had a chance to live by your words. You were faced with reasoned, polite, respectful criticism and instead of what you should have done, you all dropped trou and sprayed an epic diarrheal discharge all over someone who had done nothing to deserve it. Me, I earned most of my aggro, Samantha did not earn any of the idiocy I’ve seen today. I hope you’re all proud of yourselves. Someone should be, it won’t be me. Ever.</p>
<pname="9710"id="9710"class="graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--trailing">So I hope she stays, but if she goes, I understand. For what it’s worth, I don’t think she’s wrong either way.</p>
<div>
<div>
<pname="6134">I would like to say I’m surprised at the reaction to Samantha’s article, but I’m not. In spite of his loud declarations of support for The Big Lie, Marco Arment is as bad at any form of criticism that he hasn’t already approved as a very insecure tween. An example from 2011: <ahref="http://www.businessinsider.com/marco-arment-2011-9"data-href="http://www.businessinsider.com/marco-arment-2011-9" rel="nofollow noopener"target="_blank">http://www.businessinsider.com/marco-arment-2011-9</a></p>
<pname="ba3c">Marco is great with criticism as long as it never actually criticizes him. If it does, be prepared a flood of petty, petulant whining that a room full of bored preschoolers on a hot day would be hard-pressed to match.</p>
<pname="a5a0">Today has been…well, it sucks. It sucks because someone doing what all the Arments of the world claim to want was naive enough to believe what they were told, and found out the hard way just how big a lie The Big Lie is, and how vicious people are when you’re silly enough to believe anything they say about criticism.</p>
<pname="2a25">And note again, every single condescending crack, misrepresentation, and strawman had an exclusively male source. Most of them have, at one point or another, loudly trumpted themselves as Feminist Allies, as a friend to women struggling with the sexism and misogyny in tech. Congratulations y’all on being just as bad as the people you claim to oppose.</p>
<pname="a47a">Samantha has handled this better than anyone else could have. My respect for her as a person and a writer is off the charts. If she choses to walk away from blogging in the Apple space, <em>believe me</em> I understand. As bad as today was for her, I’ve seen worse. Much worse.</p>
<pname="aa8e">But I hope she doesn’t. I hope she stays, because she is Doing This Right, and in a corner of the internet that has become naught but an endless circle jerk, a cliquish collection, a churlish, childish cohort interested not in writing or the truth, but in making sure The Right People are elevated, and The Others put down, she is someone worth reading and listening to. The number people who owe her apologies goes around the block, and I don’t think she’ll ever see a one. I’m sure as heck not apologizing for them, I’ll not make their lives easier in the least.</p>
<pname="34c5">All of you, all. of. you…Marco, Breen, Snell, Vittici, had a chance to live by your words. You were faced with reasoned, polite, respectful criticism and instead of what you should have done, you all dropped trou and sprayed an epic diarrheal discharge all over someone who had done nothing to deserve it. Me, I earned most of my aggro, Samantha did not earn any of the idiocy I’ve seen today. I hope you’re all proud of yourselves. Someone should be, it won’t be me. Ever.</p>
<pname="9710">So I hope she stays, but if she goes, I understand. For what it’s worth, I don’t think she’s wrong either way.</p>
<sectionid="designed"class="ga-section"data-ga-label="Designed to be redesigned">
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<divid="designed-copy">
<h2>Designed to <brclass="wide-br"/>be redesigned</h2>
<p>Get fast and easy access to the features you use most in the new menu. Open the “Customize” panel to add, move or remove any button you want. Keep your favorite features — add-ons, private browsing, Sync and more — one quick click away.</p><imgclass="js "src=""data-processed="false"data-src="//mozorg.cdn.mozilla.net/media/img/firefox/desktop/customize/designed-redesigned.fbd3ee9402e6.png"data-high-res="true"data-high-res-src="//mozorg.cdn.mozilla.net/media/img/firefox/desktop/customize/designed-redesigned-high-res.6efd60766484.png"alt="" id="designed-mobile"/></div>
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<div>
<h2>Designed to <br/>be redesigned</h2>
<p>Get fast and easy access to the features you use most in the new menu. Open the “Customize” panel to add, move or remove any button you want. Keep your favorite features — add-ons, private browsing, Sync and more — one quick click away.</p><img src=""data-processed="false"data-src="//mozorg.cdn.mozilla.net/media/img/firefox/desktop/customize/designed-redesigned.fbd3ee9402e6.png"data-high-res="true"data-high-res-src="//mozorg.cdn.mozilla.net/media/img/firefox/desktop/customize/designed-redesigned-high-res.6efd60766484.png"alt=""/></div>
<divclass="customizer-visual"><imgid="theme-demo"src="http://mozorg.cdn.mozilla.net/media/img/firefox/desktop/customize/theme-red.61611c5734ab.png"alt="Preview of the currently selected theme"/></div>
<p>Make Firefox match your style. Choose from thousands of themes and dress up your browser with a single click.</p>
<a rel="external"href="https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/themes/">Try it now</a>
<div><imgsrc="http://mozorg.cdn.mozilla.net/media/img/firefox/desktop/customize/theme-red.61611c5734ab.png"alt="Preview of the currently selected theme"/></div>
<pclass="lead">Add-ons are like apps that you install to add features to Firefox. They let you compare prices, check the weather, listen to music, send a tweet and more.</p>
<p>Add-ons are like apps that you install to add features to Firefox. They let you compare prices, check the weather, listen to music, send a tweet and more.</p>
<ul>
<li>Read the latest news & blogs</li>
<li>Manage your downloads</li>
<li>Watch videos & view photos</li>
</ul><aclass="more"rel="external"href="https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/extensions/?sort=featured">Here are a few of our favorites</a>
<pclass="lead">The Awesome Bar learns as you browse to make your version of Firefox unique. Find and return to your favorite sites without having to remember a URL.</p><aclass="more"rel="external"href="https://support.mozilla.org/kb/awesome-bar-find-your-bookmarks-history-and-tabs">See what it can do for you</a></div>
<p>The Awesome Bar learns as you browse to make your version of Firefox unique. Find and return to your favorite sites without having to remember a URL.</p><arel="external"href="https://support.mozilla.org/kb/awesome-bar-find-your-bookmarks-history-and-tabs">See what it can do for you</a></div>
<p>Develop, deploy and debug Firefox OS apps directly in your browser, or on a Firefox OS device, with this tool that replaces App Manager.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/WebIDE"rel="external"class="more">Learn more about WebIDE</a></li>
<p>Develop, deploy and debug Firefox OS apps directly in your browser, or on a Firefox OS device, with this tool that replaces App Manager.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/WebIDE"rel="external">Learn more about WebIDE</a></li>
<p>Develop and debug your apps across multiple browsers and devices with this powerful extension that comes pre-installed with Firefox Developer Edition.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Firefox_Tools_Adapter"rel="external"class="more">Learn more about Valence</a></li>
<p>Develop and debug your apps across multiple browsers and devices with this powerful extension that comes pre-installed with Firefox Developer Edition.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Firefox_Tools_Adapter"rel="external">Learn more about Valence</a></li>
</ul>
<divclass="notice">
<div>
<h4>Important: Sync your new profile</h4>
<p> Developer Edition comes with a new profile so you can run it alongside other versions of Firefox. To access your bookmarks, browsing history and more, you need to sync the profile with your existing Firefox Account, or create a new one. <ahref="https://support.mozilla.org/kb/recover-lost-bookmarks-firefox-developer-edition"rel="external"class="more">Learn more</a></p>
<p> Developer Edition comes with a new profile so you can run it alongside other versions of Firefox. To access your bookmarks, browsing history and more, you need to sync the profile with your existing Firefox Account, or create a new one. <ahref="https://support.mozilla.org/kb/recover-lost-bookmarks-firefox-developer-edition"rel="external">Learn more</a></p>
<p>Examine the HTML and CSS of any Web page and easily modify the structure and layout of a page.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Page_Inspector"rel="external"class="more">Learn more about Page Inspector</a></li>
<p>Examine the HTML and CSS of any Web page and easily modify the structure and layout of a page.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Page_Inspector"rel="external">Learn more about Page Inspector</a></li>
<p>See logged information associated with a Web page and use Web Console to interact with Web pages using JavaScript.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Web_Console"rel="external"class="more">Learn more about Web Console</a></li>
<p>See logged information associated with a Web page and use Web Console to interact with Web pages using JavaScript.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Web_Console"rel="external">Learn more about Web Console</a></li>
<p>Step through JavaScript code and examine or modify its state to help track down bugs.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Debugger"rel="external"class="more">Learn more about JavaScript Debugger</a></li>
<p>Step through JavaScript code and examine or modify its state to help track down bugs.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Debugger"rel="external">Learn more about JavaScript Debugger</a></li>
<p>See all the network requests your browser makes, how long each request takes and details of each request.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Network_Monitor"rel="external"class="more">Learn more about Network Monitor</a></li>
<p>See all the network requests your browser makes, how long each request takes and details of each request.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Network_Monitor"rel="external">Learn more about Network Monitor</a></li>
<p>Inspect and interact with Web Audio API in real time to ensure that all audio nodes are connected in the way you expect.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Web_Audio_Editor"rel="external"class="more">Learn more about Web Audio Editor</a></li>
<p>Inspect and interact with Web Audio API in real time to ensure that all audio nodes are connected in the way you expect.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Web_Audio_Editor"rel="external">Learn more about Web Audio Editor</a></li>
<p>View and edit CSS styles associated with a Web page, create new ones and apply existing CSS stylesheets to any page.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Style_Editor"rel="external"class="more">Learn more about Style Editor</a></li>
<p>View and edit CSS styles associated with a Web page, create new ones and apply existing CSS stylesheets to any page.</p><ahref="https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Tools/Style_Editor"rel="external">Learn more about Style Editor</a></li>
<spanclass="image"data-attrib="Provided by Business Insider Inc"data-caption="<span style="font-size:13px;">Nintendo/Apple</span>"data-id="55"data-m="{"i":55,"p":52,"n":"openModal","t":"articleImages","o":3}">
<span data-attrib="Provided by Business Insider Inc"data-caption="<span style="font-size:13px;">Nintendo/Apple</span>"data-id="55"data-m="{"i":55,"p":52,"n":"openModal","t":"articleImages","o":3}">
<p>The name and basic idea might sound like one of those endless score attack games like "Temple Run," but that's not the case. "Super Mario Run" is divided into hand-crafted levels with a clear end-point like any other Mario game, meaning you're essentially getting the Mario experience for $10 without needing to control his movement.</p>
<p>$10 might seem like a bit much compared to the $0 people pay for most mobile games, but it's possible the game has $10 worth of levels to play in it. It's also not iPhone exclusive, but the Android version will launch at a later, currently unknown date. </p>
<p>To see "Super Mario Run" in action, check out the footage below:</p>
<divclass="image"><imgsrc="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/01/14/world/13SUDAN-1/13SUDAN-1-master768.jpg"alt="" class="media-viewer-candidate" data-mediaviewer-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/01/14/world/13SUDAN-1/13SUDAN-1-superJumbo.jpg"data-mediaviewer-caption="United Nations peacekeepers at a refugee camp in Sudan on Monday. In exchange for the lifting of United States trade sanctions, Sudan has said it will improve access for aid groups, stop supporting rebels in neighboring South Sudan and cooperate with American intelligence agents."data-mediaviewer-credit="Ashraf Shazly/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images"itemprop="url"itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/01/14/world/13SUDAN-1/13SUDAN-1-master768.jpg"/>
<div><imgsrc="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/01/14/world/13SUDAN-1/13SUDAN-1-master768.jpg"alt="" data-mediaviewer-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/01/14/world/13SUDAN-1/13SUDAN-1-superJumbo.jpg"data-mediaviewer-caption="United Nations peacekeepers at a refugee camp in Sudan on Monday. In exchange for the lifting of United States trade sanctions, Sudan has said it will improve access for aid groups, stop supporting rebels in neighboring South Sudan and cooperate with American intelligence agents."data-mediaviewer-credit="Ashraf Shazly/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images"itemprop="url"itemid="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/01/14/world/13SUDAN-1/13SUDAN-1-master768.jpg"/>
<spanclass="caption-text">United Nations peacekeepers at a refugee camp in Sudan on Monday. In exchange for the lifting of United States trade sanctions, Sudan has said it will improve access for aid groups, stop supporting rebels in neighboring South Sudan and cooperate with American intelligence agents.</span>
<span>United Nations peacekeepers at a refugee camp in Sudan on Monday. In exchange for the lifting of United States trade sanctions, Sudan has said it will improve access for aid groups, stop supporting rebels in neighboring South Sudan and cooperate with American intelligence agents.</span>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="194"data-total-count="194">LONDON — After nearly 20 years of hostile relations, the American government plans to reverse its position on <ahref="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/sudan/index.html?inline=nyt-geo"title="More news and information about Sudan." class="meta-loc">Sudan</a> and lift trade sanctions, Obama administration officials said late Thursday.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="250"data-total-count="444">Sudan is one of the poorest, most isolated and most violent countries in Africa, and for years the United States has imposed punitive measures against it in a largely unsuccessful attempt to get the Sudanese government to stop killing its own people.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="293"data-total-count="737">On Friday, the Obama administration will announce a new Sudan strategy. For the first time since the 1990s, the nation will be able to trade extensively with the United States, allowing it to buy goods like tractors and spare parts and attract much-needed investment in its collapsing economy.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="193"data-total-count="930">In return, Sudan will improve access for aid groups, stop supporting rebels in neighboring <ahref="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/south-sudan/index.html?inline=nyt-geo"title="More articles about South Sudan." class="meta-loc">South Sudan</a>, cease the bombing of insurgent territory and cooperate with American intelligence agents.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="344"data-total-count="1274">American officials said Sudan had already shown important progress on a number of these fronts. But to make sure the progress continues, the executive order that President Obama plans to sign on Friday, days before leaving office, will have a six-month review period. If Sudan fails to live up to its commitments, the embargo can be reinstated.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="204"data-total-count="1478" id="story-continues-1">Analysts said good relations with Sudan could strengthen moderate voices within the country and give the Sudanese government incentives to refrain from the brutal tactics that have defined it for decades.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="295"data-total-count="1773">In 1997, President Bill Clinton imposed a <ahref="https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/sudan.pdf">comprehensive trade embargo against Sudan and blocked the assets of the Sudanese government</a>, which was suspected of sponsoring international terrorism. In the mid-1990s, Osama bin Laden lived in Khartoum, the capital, as a guest of Sudan’s government.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="224"data-total-count="1997">In 1998, Bin Laden’s agents blew up the United States Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing more than 200 people. In retaliation, Mr. Clinton ordered a cruise missile strike against a pharmaceutical factory in Khartoum.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="474"data-total-count="2471">Since then, American-Sudanese relations have steadily soured. The conflict in Darfur, a vast desert region of western Sudan, was a low point. After rebels in Darfur staged an uprising in 2003, Sudanese security services and their militia allies slaughtered tens of thousands of civilians, leading to condemnation around the world, genocide charges at the International Criminal Court against Sudan’s president, Omar Hassan al-Bashir, and a new round of American sanctions.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="275"data-total-count="2746">American officials said Thursday that the American demand that Mr. Bashir be held accountable had not changed. Neither has Sudan’s status as one of the few countries, along with Iran and Syria, that remain on the <ahref="https://www.state.gov/j/ct/list/c14151.htm">American government’s list of state sponsors of terrorism</a>.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="124"data-total-count="2870">Sales of military equipment will still be prohibited, and some Sudanese militia and rebel leaders will still face sanctions.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="264"data-total-count="3134">But the Obama administration is clearly trying to open a door to Sudan. There is intense discontent across the country, and its economy is imploding. American officials have argued for years that it was time to help Sudan dig itself out of the hole it had created.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="231"data-total-count="3365">Officials divulged Thursday that the Sudanese government had allowed two visits by American operatives to a restricted border area near Libya, which they cited as evidence of a new spirit of cooperation on counterterrorism efforts.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="248"data-total-count="3613" id="story-continues-2">In addition to continuing violence in Darfur, several other serious conflicts are raging in southern and central Sudan, along with a civil war in newly independent South Sudan, which Sudan has been suspected of inflaming with covert arms shipments.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="145"data-total-count="3758"><ahref="http://sudanreeves.org/2016/07/04/eric-reeves-is-now-a-senior-fellow-at-harvard-universitys-francois-xavier-bagnoud-center-for-health-and-human-rights/">Eric Reeves</a>, one of the leading American academic voices on Sudan, said he was “appalled” that the American government was lifting sanctions.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="215"data-total-count="3973">He said that Sudan’s military-dominated government continued to commit grave human rights abuses and atrocities, and he noted that just last week Sudanese security services <ahref="http://sudanreeves.org/2017/01/02/7710/">killed</a><ahref="http://sudanreeves.org/2017/01/02/7710/"> more than 10 civilians in Darfur</a>.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="250"data-total-count="4223">“There is no reason to believe the guys in charge have changed their stripes,” said Mr. Reeves, a senior fellow at the François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University. “These guys are the worst of the worst.”</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="208"data-total-count="4431">Obama administration officials said that they had briefed President-elect Donald J. Trump’s transition team, but that they did not know if Mr. Trump would stick with a policy of warmer relations with Sudan.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="143"data-total-count="4574">They said that Sudan had a long way to go in terms of respecting human rights, but that better relations could help increase American leverage.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="149"data-total-count="4723"data-node-uid="1">Mr. Reeves said he thought that the American government was being manipulated and that the Obama administration had made a “deal with the devil.”</p><aclass="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link"href="#whats-next">Continue reading the main story</a>
<p data-para-count="194"data-total-count="194">LONDON — After nearly 20 years of hostile relations, the American government plans to reverse its position on <ahref="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/sudan/index.html?inline=nyt-geo"title="More news and information about Sudan.">Sudan</a> and lift trade sanctions, Obama administration officials said late Thursday.</p>
<p data-para-count="250"data-total-count="444">Sudan is one of the poorest, most isolated and most violent countries in Africa, and for years the United States has imposed punitive measures against it in a largely unsuccessful attempt to get the Sudanese government to stop killing its own people.</p>
<p data-para-count="293"data-total-count="737">On Friday, the Obama administration will announce a new Sudan strategy. For the first time since the 1990s, the nation will be able to trade extensively with the United States, allowing it to buy goods like tractors and spare parts and attract much-needed investment in its collapsing economy.</p>
<p data-para-count="193"data-total-count="930">In return, Sudan will improve access for aid groups, stop supporting rebels in neighboring <ahref="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/south-sudan/index.html?inline=nyt-geo"title="More articles about South Sudan.">South Sudan</a>, cease the bombing of insurgent territory and cooperate with American intelligence agents.</p>
<p data-para-count="344"data-total-count="1274">American officials said Sudan had already shown important progress on a number of these fronts. But to make sure the progress continues, the executive order that President Obama plans to sign on Friday, days before leaving office, will have a six-month review period. If Sudan fails to live up to its commitments, the embargo can be reinstated.</p>
<p data-para-count="204"data-total-count="1478">Analysts said good relations with Sudan could strengthen moderate voices within the country and give the Sudanese government incentives to refrain from the brutal tactics that have defined it for decades.</p>
<p data-para-count="295"data-total-count="1773">In 1997, President Bill Clinton imposed a <ahref="https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/sudan.pdf">comprehensive trade embargo against Sudan and blocked the assets of the Sudanese government</a>, which was suspected of sponsoring international terrorism. In the mid-1990s, Osama bin Laden lived in Khartoum, the capital, as a guest of Sudan’s government.</p>
<p data-para-count="224"data-total-count="1997">In 1998, Bin Laden’s agents blew up the United States Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing more than 200 people. In retaliation, Mr. Clinton ordered a cruise missile strike against a pharmaceutical factory in Khartoum.</p>
<p data-para-count="474"data-total-count="2471">Since then, American-Sudanese relations have steadily soured. The conflict in Darfur, a vast desert region of western Sudan, was a low point. After rebels in Darfur staged an uprising in 2003, Sudanese security services and their militia allies slaughtered tens of thousands of civilians, leading to condemnation around the world, genocide charges at the International Criminal Court against Sudan’s president, Omar Hassan al-Bashir, and a new round of American sanctions.</p>
<p data-para-count="275"data-total-count="2746">American officials said Thursday that the American demand that Mr. Bashir be held accountable had not changed. Neither has Sudan’s status as one of the few countries, along with Iran and Syria, that remain on the <ahref="https://www.state.gov/j/ct/list/c14151.htm">American government’s list of state sponsors of terrorism</a>.</p>
<p data-para-count="124"data-total-count="2870">Sales of military equipment will still be prohibited, and some Sudanese militia and rebel leaders will still face sanctions.</p>
<p data-para-count="264"data-total-count="3134">But the Obama administration is clearly trying to open a door to Sudan. There is intense discontent across the country, and its economy is imploding. American officials have argued for years that it was time to help Sudan dig itself out of the hole it had created.</p>
<p data-para-count="231"data-total-count="3365">Officials divulged Thursday that the Sudanese government had allowed two visits by American operatives to a restricted border area near Libya, which they cited as evidence of a new spirit of cooperation on counterterrorism efforts.</p>
<p data-para-count="248"data-total-count="3613">In addition to continuing violence in Darfur, several other serious conflicts are raging in southern and central Sudan, along with a civil war in newly independent South Sudan, which Sudan has been suspected of inflaming with covert arms shipments.</p>
<p data-para-count="145"data-total-count="3758"><ahref="http://sudanreeves.org/2016/07/04/eric-reeves-is-now-a-senior-fellow-at-harvard-universitys-francois-xavier-bagnoud-center-for-health-and-human-rights/">Eric Reeves</a>, one of the leading American academic voices on Sudan, said he was “appalled” that the American government was lifting sanctions.</p>
<p data-para-count="215"data-total-count="3973">He said that Sudan’s military-dominated government continued to commit grave human rights abuses and atrocities, and he noted that just last week Sudanese security services <ahref="http://sudanreeves.org/2017/01/02/7710/">killed</a><ahref="http://sudanreeves.org/2017/01/02/7710/"> more than 10 civilians in Darfur</a>.</p>
<p data-para-count="250"data-total-count="4223">“There is no reason to believe the guys in charge have changed their stripes,” said Mr. Reeves, a senior fellow at the François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University. “These guys are the worst of the worst.”</p>
<p data-para-count="208"data-total-count="4431">Obama administration officials said that they had briefed President-elect Donald J. Trump’s transition team, but that they did not know if Mr. Trump would stick with a policy of warmer relations with Sudan.</p>
<p data-para-count="143"data-total-count="4574">They said that Sudan had a long way to go in terms of respecting human rights, but that better relations could help increase American leverage.</p>
<p data-para-count="149"data-total-count="4723"data-node-uid="1">Mr. Reeves said he thought that the American government was being manipulated and that the Obama administration had made a “deal with the devil.”</p><ahref="#whats-next">Continue reading the main story</a>
<spanclass="visually-hidden">Credit</span> Harry Campbell </span>
<span itemprop="copyrightHolder">
<span>Credit</span> Harry Campbell </span>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="148"data-total-count="148"><ahref="http://www.nytimes.com/topic/company/yahoo-inc?inline=nyt-org"title="More information about Yahoo! Inc."class="meta-org">Yahoo</a>’s $4.8 billion sale to <ahref="http://www.nytimes.com/topic/company/verizon-communications-inc?inline=nyt-org"title="More information about Verizon Communications Inc." class="meta-org">Verizon</a> is a complicated beast, showing how different acquisition structures can affect how shareholders are treated.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="177"data-total-count="325">First, let’s say what the Yahoo sale is not. It is not a sale of the publicly traded company. Instead, it is a sale of the Yahoo subsidiary and some related assets to Verizon.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="529"data-total-count="854">The sale is being done in two steps. The <ahref="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1011006/000119312516656036/d178500dex22.htm">first step</a> will be the transfer of any assets related to Yahoo business to a singular subsidiary. This includes the stock in the business subsidiaries that make up Yahoo that are not already in the single subsidiary, as well as the odd assets like benefit plan rights. This is what is being sold to Verizon. A license of Yahoo’s oldest patents is being held back in the so-called Excalibur portfolio. This will stay with Yahoo, as will Yahoo’s stakes in Alibaba Group and Yahoo Japan.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="479"data-total-count="1333">It is hard to overestimate how complex an asset sale like this is. Some of the assets are self-contained, but they must be gathered up and transferred. Employees need to be shuffled around and compensation arrangements redone. Many contracts, like the now-infamous one struck with the search engine Mozilla, which <ahref="http://www.recode.net/2016/7/7/12116296/marissa-mayer-deal-mozilla-yahoo-payment">may result in a payment of up to a $1 billion</a>, will contain change-of-control provisions that will be set off and have to be addressed. Tax issues always loom large.</p><aclass="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link"href="#story-continues-1">Continue reading the main story</a>
<p data-para-count="148"data-total-count="148"><ahref="http://www.nytimes.com/topic/company/yahoo-inc?inline=nyt-org"title="More information about Yahoo! Inc.">Yahoo</a>’s $4.8 billion sale to <ahref="http://www.nytimes.com/topic/company/verizon-communications-inc?inline=nyt-org"title="More information about Verizon Communications Inc.">Verizon</a> is a complicated beast, showing how different acquisition structures can affect how shareholders are treated.</p>
<p data-para-count="177"data-total-count="325">First, let’s say what the Yahoo sale is not. It is not a sale of the publicly traded company. Instead, it is a sale of the Yahoo subsidiary and some related assets to Verizon.</p>
<p data-para-count="529"data-total-count="854">The sale is being done in two steps. The <ahref="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1011006/000119312516656036/d178500dex22.htm">first step</a> will be the transfer of any assets related to Yahoo business to a singular subsidiary. This includes the stock in the business subsidiaries that make up Yahoo that are not already in the single subsidiary, as well as the odd assets like benefit plan rights. This is what is being sold to Verizon. A license of Yahoo’s oldest patents is being held back in the so-called Excalibur portfolio. This will stay with Yahoo, as will Yahoo’s stakes in Alibaba Group and Yahoo Japan.</p>
<p data-para-count="479"data-total-count="1333">It is hard to overestimate how complex an asset sale like this is. Some of the assets are self-contained, but they must be gathered up and transferred. Employees need to be shuffled around and compensation arrangements redone. Many contracts, like the now-infamous one struck with the search engine Mozilla, which <ahref="http://www.recode.net/2016/7/7/12116296/marissa-mayer-deal-mozilla-yahoo-payment">may result in a payment of up to a $1 billion</a>, will contain change-of-control provisions that will be set off and have to be addressed. Tax issues always loom large.</p><ahref="#story-continues-1">Continue reading the main story</a>
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<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="602"data-total-count="1935" id="story-continues-2">In the second step, at the closing, <ahref="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1011006/000119312516656036/d178500dex22.htm">Yahoo will sell the stock</a> in the single subsidiary to Verizon. At that point, Yahoo will change its name to something without “Yahoo” in it. My favorite is simply Remain Co., the name Yahoo executives are using. Remain Co. will become a holding company for the Alibaba and Yahoo Japan stock. Included will also be $10 billion in cash, plus the Excalibur patent portfolio and a number of minority investments including Snapchat. Ahh, if only Yahoo had bought Snapchat instead of Tumblr (indeed, if only Yahoo had bought Google or Facebook when it had the chance).</p>
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<p data-para-count="602"data-total-count="1935">In the second step, at the closing, <ahref="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1011006/000119312516656036/d178500dex22.htm">Yahoo will sell the stock</a> in the single subsidiary to Verizon. At that point, Yahoo will change its name to something without “Yahoo” in it. My favorite is simply Remain Co., the name Yahoo executives are using. Remain Co. will become a holding company for the Alibaba and Yahoo Japan stock. Included will also be $10 billion in cash, plus the Excalibur patent portfolio and a number of minority investments including Snapchat. Ahh, if only Yahoo had bought Snapchat instead of Tumblr (indeed, if only Yahoo had bought Google or Facebook when it had the chance).</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="262"data-total-count="2197" id="story-continues-3">Because it is a sale of a subsidiary, the $4.8 billion will be paid to Yahoo. Its shareholders will not receive any money unless Yahoo pays it out in a dividend (after paying taxes). Instead, Yahoo shareholders will be left holding shares in the renamed company.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="250"data-total-count="2447">Verizon’s Yahoo will then be run <ahref="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html?_r=0">under the same umbrella as AOL</a>. It is unclear whether there will be a further merger of the two businesses after the acquisition. Plans for Yahoo are still a bit in flux in part because of the abnormal sale process.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="497"data-total-count="2944">As for Remain Co., it will become a so-called investment company. This is a special designation for a company that holds securities for investment but does not operate a working business. Investment companies are subject to special regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Remain Co. will probably just sit there, returning cash to shareholders and waiting for Alibaba to buy it in a tax-free transaction. (Alibaba says it has no plans to do this, but most people do not believe this).</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="129"data-total-count="3073">The rights of Yahoo shareholders in this sale will be different from those in an ordinary sale, when an entire company is bought.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="560"data-total-count="3633">Ordinary sales are done in one of two ways: in a merger where the target is merged into a subsidiary of the buyer and the target shareholders receive the cash (or other consideration), or in a tender offer that gives the target shareholders a choice to tender into the offer or not. Then there will be a merger where the target is merged into the buyer’s subsidiary and the target shareholders are forcibly squeezed out, receiving the merger consideration. (if you want to know why you would choose one structure over another, I wrote <ahref="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2009/10/14/the-peculiarities-of-tender-offers/?_r=0">a good primer</a> in 2009.)</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="114"data-total-count="3747">In either case, shareholders get a say. They either vote on the merger or decide whether to tender into the offer.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="278"data-total-count="4025">In both cases, there would be appraisal rights if the buyer pays cash. This means that shareholders can object to the deal by not voting for it or not tendering into the offer and instead asking a court to value their shares – this is what happened <ahref="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/business/dealbook/ruling-on-dell-buyout-may-not-be-precedent-some-fear.html">in Dell’s buyout in 2013</a>.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="448"data-total-count="4473">The Yahoo deal, however, is not a sale of the public company. It is an asset sale, in which there is only a shareholder vote if there is a sale of “all” or “substantially all” of the assets of the company. Yahoo is not all of the assets or even “substantially all” – the Alibaba shares being left behind in Remain Co. are worth about $28 billion, or six times the value of the cash Verizon is paying for the Yahoo assets it is buying.</p>
<p data-para-count="262"data-total-count="2197">Because it is a sale of a subsidiary, the $4.8 billion will be paid to Yahoo. Its shareholders will not receive any money unless Yahoo pays it out in a dividend (after paying taxes). Instead, Yahoo shareholders will be left holding shares in the renamed company.</p>
<p data-para-count="250"data-total-count="2447">Verizon’s Yahoo will then be run <ahref="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/25/business/yahoo-sale.html?_r=0">under the same umbrella as AOL</a>. It is unclear whether there will be a further merger of the two businesses after the acquisition. Plans for Yahoo are still a bit in flux in part because of the abnormal sale process.</p>
<p data-para-count="497"data-total-count="2944">As for Remain Co., it will become a so-called investment company. This is a special designation for a company that holds securities for investment but does not operate a working business. Investment companies are subject to special regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Remain Co. will probably just sit there, returning cash to shareholders and waiting for Alibaba to buy it in a tax-free transaction. (Alibaba says it has no plans to do this, but most people do not believe this).</p>
<p data-para-count="129"data-total-count="3073">The rights of Yahoo shareholders in this sale will be different from those in an ordinary sale, when an entire company is bought.</p>
<p data-para-count="560"data-total-count="3633">Ordinary sales are done in one of two ways: in a merger where the target is merged into a subsidiary of the buyer and the target shareholders receive the cash (or other consideration), or in a tender offer that gives the target shareholders a choice to tender into the offer or not. Then there will be a merger where the target is merged into the buyer’s subsidiary and the target shareholders are forcibly squeezed out, receiving the merger consideration. (if you want to know why you would choose one structure over another, I wrote <ahref="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2009/10/14/the-peculiarities-of-tender-offers/?_r=0">a good primer</a> in 2009.)</p>
<p data-para-count="114"data-total-count="3747">In either case, shareholders get a say. They either vote on the merger or decide whether to tender into the offer.</p>
<p data-para-count="278"data-total-count="4025">In both cases, there would be appraisal rights if the buyer pays cash. This means that shareholders can object to the deal by not voting for it or not tendering into the offer and instead asking a court to value their shares – this is what happened <ahref="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/08/business/dealbook/ruling-on-dell-buyout-may-not-be-precedent-some-fear.html">in Dell’s buyout in 2013</a>.</p>
<p data-para-count="448"data-total-count="4473">The Yahoo deal, however, is not a sale of the public company. It is an asset sale, in which there is only a shareholder vote if there is a sale of “all” or “substantially all” of the assets of the company. Yahoo is not all of the assets or even “substantially all” – the Alibaba shares being left behind in Remain Co. are worth about $28 billion, or six times the value of the cash Verizon is paying for the Yahoo assets it is buying.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="343"data-total-count="4816" id="story-continues-4">The courts have held that the definition of “substantially all” includes a change of business in a company because of an asset sale where the assets are <ahref="http://caselaw.findlaw.com/de-court-of-chancery/1306648.html">“qualitatively vital.”</a> And that certainly applies here. So there will be a vote – indeed, Yahoo has no problem with a vote – and shareholders are desperate to sell at this point.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="183"data-total-count="4999">There will be no appraisal rights, however. Again, in an asset sale, there are no appraisal rights. So anyone who votes against the deal and thinks this is a bum price is out of luck.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="260"data-total-count="5259">The different standards for voting and appraisal rights apply because the structure of the deal is a quirk of the law in Delaware, where Yahoo is incorporated, that allows lawyers to sometimes work around these issues simply by changing the way a deal is done.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="112"data-total-count="5371">In Yahoo’s case, this is not deliberate, though. It is simply the most expedient way to get rid of the assets.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="583"data-total-count="5954">Whether this is the most tax-efficient way is unclear to me as a nontax lawyer (email me if you know). Yahoo is likely to have a tax bill on the sale, possibly a substantial one. And I presume there were legal reasons for not using a <ahref="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/04/29/alliant-techsystems-break-up-and-the-return-of-the-morris-trust/">Morris Trust structure</a>, in which Yahoo would have been spun off and immediately sold to Verizon so that only Yahoo’s shareholders paid tax on the deal. In truth, the Yahoo assets being sold are only about 10 percent of the value of the company, so the time and logistics for such a sale when Yahoo is a melting ice cube may not have been worth it.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="450"data-total-count="6404">Finally, if another bidder still wants to acquire Yahoo, it has time. The agreement with Verizon allows Yahoo to terminate the deal and accept a superior offer by paying a $144 million breakup fee to Verizon. And if Yahoo shareholders change their minds and want to stick with Yahoo’s chief executive, <ahref="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/marissa_mayer/index.html?inline=nyt-per"title="More articles about Marissa Mayer." class="meta-per">Marissa Mayer</a>, and vote down the deal, there is a so-called naked no-vote termination fee of $15 million payable to Verizon to reimburse expenses.</p>
<pclass="story-body-text story-content"data-para-count="426"data-total-count="6830">All in all, this was as hairy a deal as they come. There was the procedural and logistical complications of selling a company when the chief executive wanted to stay. Then there was the fact that this was an asset sale, including all of the challenges that go with it. Throw in all of the tax issues and the fact that this is a public company, and it is likely that the lawyers involved will have nightmares for years to come.</p><aclass="visually-hidden skip-to-text-link"href="#whats-next">Continue reading the main story</a>
<p data-para-count="343"data-total-count="4816">The courts have held that the definition of “substantially all” includes a change of business in a company because of an asset sale where the assets are <ahref="http://caselaw.findlaw.com/de-court-of-chancery/1306648.html">“qualitatively vital.”</a> And that certainly applies here. So there will be a vote – indeed, Yahoo has no problem with a vote – and shareholders are desperate to sell at this point.</p>
<p data-para-count="183"data-total-count="4999">There will be no appraisal rights, however. Again, in an asset sale, there are no appraisal rights. So anyone who votes against the deal and thinks this is a bum price is out of luck.</p>
<p data-para-count="260"data-total-count="5259">The different standards for voting and appraisal rights apply because the structure of the deal is a quirk of the law in Delaware, where Yahoo is incorporated, that allows lawyers to sometimes work around these issues simply by changing the way a deal is done.</p>
<p data-para-count="112"data-total-count="5371">In Yahoo’s case, this is not deliberate, though. It is simply the most expedient way to get rid of the assets.</p>
<p data-para-count="583"data-total-count="5954">Whether this is the most tax-efficient way is unclear to me as a nontax lawyer (email me if you know). Yahoo is likely to have a tax bill on the sale, possibly a substantial one. And I presume there were legal reasons for not using a <ahref="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/04/29/alliant-techsystems-break-up-and-the-return-of-the-morris-trust/">Morris Trust structure</a>, in which Yahoo would have been spun off and immediately sold to Verizon so that only Yahoo’s shareholders paid tax on the deal. In truth, the Yahoo assets being sold are only about 10 percent of the value of the company, so the time and logistics for such a sale when Yahoo is a melting ice cube may not have been worth it.</p>
<p data-para-count="450"data-total-count="6404">Finally, if another bidder still wants to acquire Yahoo, it has time. The agreement with Verizon allows Yahoo to terminate the deal and accept a superior offer by paying a $144 million breakup fee to Verizon. And if Yahoo shareholders change their minds and want to stick with Yahoo’s chief executive, <ahref="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/marissa_mayer/index.html?inline=nyt-per"title="More articles about Marissa Mayer.">Marissa Mayer</a>, and vote down the deal, there is a so-called naked no-vote termination fee of $15 million payable to Verizon to reimburse expenses.</p>
<p data-para-count="426"data-total-count="6830">All in all, this was as hairy a deal as they come. There was the procedural and logistical complications of selling a company when the chief executive wanted to stay. Then there was the fact that this was an asset sale, including all of the challenges that go with it. Throw in all of the tax issues and the fact that this is a public company, and it is likely that the lawyers involved will have nightmares for years to come.</p><ahref="#whats-next">Continue reading the main story</a>
<pid="first">Regarding item# 11111, under sufficiently extreme conditions, quarks may become deconfined and exist as free particles. In the course of asymptotic freedom, the strong interaction becomes weaker at higher temperatures. Eventually, color confinement would be lost and an extremely hot plasma of freely moving quarks and gluons would be formed. This theoretical phase of matter is called quark-gluon plasma.[81] The exact conditions needed to give rise to this state are unknown and have been the subject of a great deal of speculation and experimentation.</p>
<pid="second">Regarding item# 22222, under sufficiently extreme conditions, quarks may become deconfined and exist as free particles. In the course of asymptotic freedom, the strong interaction becomes weaker at higher temperatures. Eventually, color confinement would be lost and an extremely hot plasma of freely moving quarks and gluons would be formed. This theoretical phase of matter is called quark-gluon plasma.[81] The exact conditions needed to give rise to this state are unknown and have been the subject of a great deal of speculation and experimentation.</p>
<pid="third">Regarding item# 33333, under sufficiently extreme conditions, quarks may become deconfined and exist as free particles. In the course of asymptotic freedom, the strong interaction becomes weaker at higher temperatures. Eventually, color confinement would be lost and an extremely hot plasma of freely moving quarks and gluons would be formed. This theoretical phase of matter is called quark-gluon plasma.[81] The exact conditions needed to give rise to this state are unknown and have been the subject of a great deal of speculation and experimentation.</p>
<brid="br2"/></div>
<p>Regarding item# 11111, under sufficiently extreme conditions, quarks may become deconfined and exist as free particles. In the course of asymptotic freedom, the strong interaction becomes weaker at higher temperatures. Eventually, color confinement would be lost and an extremely hot plasma of freely moving quarks and gluons would be formed. This theoretical phase of matter is called quark-gluon plasma.[81] The exact conditions needed to give rise to this state are unknown and have been the subject of a great deal of speculation and experimentation.</p>
<p>Regarding item# 22222, under sufficiently extreme conditions, quarks may become deconfined and exist as free particles. In the course of asymptotic freedom, the strong interaction becomes weaker at higher temperatures. Eventually, color confinement would be lost and an extremely hot plasma of freely moving quarks and gluons would be formed. This theoretical phase of matter is called quark-gluon plasma.[81] The exact conditions needed to give rise to this state are unknown and have been the subject of a great deal of speculation and experimentation.</p>
<p>Regarding item# 33333, under sufficiently extreme conditions, quarks may become deconfined and exist as free particles. In the course of asymptotic freedom, the strong interaction becomes weaker at higher temperatures. Eventually, color confinement would be lost and an extremely hot plasma of freely moving quarks and gluons would be formed. This theoretical phase of matter is called quark-gluon plasma.[81] The exact conditions needed to give rise to this state are unknown and have been the subject of a great deal of speculation and experimentation.</p>
<p>As <ahref="http://mashable.com/2014/12/14/uber-sydney-surge-pricing/">Mashable </a>reports, the company announced that it would charge a minimum of $100 Australian to take passengers from the area immediately surrounding the ongoing crisis, and prices increased by as much as four times the standard amount. A firestorm of criticism quickly erupted – “<ahref="https://twitter.com/Uber_Sydney">@Uber_Sydney</a> stop being assholes,” one Twitter response began – and Uber soon found itself offering free rides out of the troubled area instead.</p>
<p>That opener suggests that Uber, as part of a community under siege, is preparing to respond in a civic manner.<em></em></p>
<p><em>“… Fares have increased to encourage more drivers to come online & pick up passengers in the area.”</em></p>
<p>But, despite the expression of shared concern, there is no sense of <em>civitas</em> to be found in the statement that follows. There is only a transaction, executed at what the corporation believes to be market value. Lesson #1 about Uber is, therefore, that in its view there is no heroism, only self-interest. This is Ayn Rand’s brutal, irrational and primitive philosophy in its purest form: altruism is evil, and self-interest is the only true heroism.<em></em></p>
<p>There was once a time when we might have read of “hero cabdrivers” or “hero bus drivers” placing themselves in harm’s way to rescue their fellow citizens. For its part, Uber might have suggested that it would use its network of drivers and its scheduling software to recruit volunteer drivers for a rescue mission.<em></em></p>
<p>Instead, we are told that Uber’s pricing surge <em>was</em> its expression of concern. Uber’s way to address a human crisis is apparently by letting the market govern human behavior, as if there were (in libertarian economist Tyler Cowen’s phrase) “markets in everything” – including the lives of a city’s beleaguered citizens (and its Uber drivers). <em></em></p>
<p>The Raspberry Pi Foundation started by a handful of volunteers in 2012 when they released the original Raspberry Pi 256MB Model B without knowing what to expect. In a short four-year period they have grown to over sixty full-time employees and have shipped over <b>eight million</b> units to-date. Raspberry Pi has achieved new heights by being shipped to the International Space Station for research and by being an affordable computing platforms used by teachers throughout the world. "It has become the all-time best-selling computer in the UK".</p>
<pclass="media-caption">Raspberry Pi 3 - A credit card sized PC that only costs $35 - Image: Raspberry Pi Foundation</p>
<p>Raspberry Pi 3 - A credit card sized PC that only costs $35 - Image: Raspberry Pi Foundation</p>
<p>Raspberry Pi Foundation is charity organization that pushes for a digital revolution with a mission to inspire kids to learn by creating computer-powered objects. The foundation also helps teachers learn computing skills through free training and readily available tutorials & example code for creating cool things such as music.</p>
<pclass="media-caption">Raspberry Pi in educations - Image: Raspberry Pi Foundation</p>
<p>Raspberry Pi in educations - Image: Raspberry Pi Foundation</p>
<p>In celebration of their 4th year anniversary, the foundation has released <b>Raspberry Pi 3</b> with the same price tag of<b> </b>$35 USD. The 3rd revision features a <b>1.2GHz 64-bit quad-core</b> ARM CPU with integrated Bluetooth 4.1 and 802.11n wireless LAN chipsets. The ARM Cortex-A53 CPU along with other architectural enhancements making it the fastest Raspberry Pi to-date. The 3rd revision is reportedly about 50-60% times faster than its predecessor Raspberry Pi 2 and about 10 times faster then the original Raspberry PI.</p>
<pclass="media-caption">Raspberry Pi - Various Usage</p>
<p>Raspberry Pi - Various Usage</p>
<p>Raspberry Pi 3 is now available via many online resellers. At this time, you should use a recent <b>32-bit </b>NOOBS or Raspbian image from their <ahref="https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/"rel="nofollow"target="_blank">downloads</a> page with a promise of a switch to a 64-bit version only if further investigation proves that there is indeed some value in moving to 64-bit mode.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p>
@ -83,5 +83,5 @@ RPMs</a>, and it sucks about the same as mplayer, and in about the same ways, th
<nobr>simple --</nobr> results in someone suggesting that you either A) patch your kernel or B) change distros. It's inevitable and inescapable, like Hitler. </p>
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<p><imgalt="0225-lupita-nyongo-getty-01"src="http://ll-media.tmz.com/2015/02/26/0225-lupita-nyongo-getty-4.jpg"/><strong>Lupita Nyong</strong>'<strong>o</strong>'s now-famous Oscar dress -- adorned in pearls -- was stolen right out of her hotel room ... TMZ has learned.</p>
<p>Law enforcement sources tell TMZ ... the dress was taken out of Lupita's room at The London West Hollywood. The dress is made of pearls ... 6,000 white Akoya pearls. It's valued at $150,000.</p>
<p>Our sources say Lupita told cops it was taken from her room sometime between 8 AM and 9 PM Wednesday ... while she was gone. </p>
<h3><ahref="http://mcupdate.tumblr.com/post/96439224994/minecraft-18-the-bountiful-update">Minecraft 1.8 - The Bountiful Update</a></h3>
<p>+ Added Granite, Andesite, and Diorite stone blocks, with smooth versions<br/>+ Added Slime Block<br/>+ Added Iron Trapdoor<br/>+ Added Prismarine and Sea Lantern blocks<br/>+ Added the Ocean Monument<br/>+ Added Red Sandstone<br/>+ Added Banners<br/>+ Added Armor Stands<br/>+ Added Coarse Dirt (dirt where grass won’t grow)<br/>+ Added Guardian mobs, with item drops<br/>+ Added Endermite mob<br/>+ Added Rabbits, with item drops<br/>+ Added Mutton and Cooked Mutton<br/>+ Villagers will harvest crops and plant new ones<br/>+ Mossy Cobblestone and Mossy Stone Bricks are now craftable<br/>+ Chiseled Stone Bricks are now craftable<br/>+ Doors and fences now come in all wood type variants<br/>+ Sponge block has regained its water-absorbing ability and becomes wet<br/>+ Added a spectator game mode (game mode 3)<br/>+ Added one new achievement<br/>+ Added “Customized” world type<br/>+ Added hidden “Debug Mode” world type<br/>+ Worlds can now have a world barrier<br/>+ Added @e target selector for Command Blocks<br/>+ Added /blockdata command<br/>+ Added /clone command<br/>+ Added /execute command<br/>+ Added /fill command<br/>+ Added /particle command<br/>+ Added /testforblocks command<br/>+ Added /title command<br/>+ Added /trigger command<br/>+ Added /worldborder command<br/>+ Added /stats command<br/>+ Containers can be locked in custom maps by using the “Lock” data tag<br/>+ Added logAdminCommands, showDeathMessages, reducedDebugInfo, sendCommandFeedback, and randomTickSpeed game rules<br/>+ Added three new statistics<br/>+ Player skins can now have double layers across the whole model, and left/right arms/legs can be edited independently<br/>+ Added a new player model with smaller arms, and a new player skin called Alex?<br/>+ Added options for configuring what pieces of the skin that are visible<br/>+ Blocks can now have custom visual variations in the resource packs<br/>+ Minecraft Realms now has an activity chart, so you can see who has been online<br/>+ Minecraft Realms now lets you upload your maps<br/>* Difficulty setting is saved per world, and can be locked if wanted<br/>* Enchanting has been redone, now costs lapis lazuli in addition to enchantment levels<br/>* Villager trading has been rebalanced<br/>* Anvil repairing has been rebalanced<br/>* Considerable faster client-side performance<br/>* Max render distance has been increased to 32 chunks (512 blocks)<br/>* Adventure mode now prevents you from destroying blocks, unless your items have the CanDestroy data tag<br/>* Resource packs can now also define the shape of blocks and items, and not just their textures<br/>* Scoreboards have been given a lot of new features<br/>* Tweaked the F3 debug screen<br/>* Block ID numbers (such as 1 for stone), are being replaced by ID names (such as minecraft:stone)<br/>* Server list has been improved<br/>* A few minor changes to village and temple generation<br/>* Mob heads for players now show both skin layers<br/>* Buttons can now be placed on the ceiling<br/>* Lots and lots of other changes<br/>* LOTS AND LOTS of other changes<br/>- Removed Herobrine</p>
<p><spanclass="dateline">CAIRO —</span> Gunmen opened fire on visitors at Tunisia’s most renowned museum on Wednesday, killing at least 19 people, including 17 foreigners, in an assault that threatened to upset the fragile stability of a country seen as the lone success of the Arab Spring.</p>
<p><span>CAIRO —</span> Gunmen opened fire on visitors at Tunisia’s most renowned museum on Wednesday, killing at least 19 people, including 17 foreigners, in an assault that threatened to upset the fragile stability of a country seen as the lone success of the Arab Spring.</p>
<p>It was the most deadly terrorist attack in the North African nation in more than a decade. Although no group claimed responsibility, the bloodshed raised fears that militants linked to the Islamic State were expanding their operations.</p>
<p>The attackers, clad in military uniforms, <ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/gunmen-storm-museum-in-tunisia-killing-at-least-8/2015/03/18/00202e76-cd73-11e4-8730-4f473416e759_story.html">stormed the Bardo National Museum</a> on Wednesday afternoon, seizing and gunning down foreign tourists before security forces raided the building to end the siege. The museum is a major tourist draw and is near the heavily guarded national parliament in downtown Tunis.</p>
<p>Tunisian Prime Minister Habib Essid said that in addition to the slain foreigners — from Italy, Poland, Germany and Spain — a local museum worker and a security official were killed. Two gunmen died, and three others may have escaped, officials said. About 50 other people were wounded, according to local news reports.</p>
<p>“Our nation is in danger,” Essid declared in a televised address Wednesday evening. He vowed that the country would be “merciless” in defending itself.</p>
<pchannel="wp.com"class="interstitial-link"><i><ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/03/18/why-tunisia-the-arab-springs-sole-success-story-suffers-from-islamist-violence/">[Read: Why Tunisia, Arab Spring’s sole success story, suffers from Islamist violence]</a></i></p>
<pchannel="wp.com"><i><ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/03/18/why-tunisia-the-arab-springs-sole-success-story-suffers-from-islamist-violence/">[Read: Why Tunisia, Arab Spring’s sole success story, suffers from Islamist violence]</a></i></p>
<p>Tunisia, a mostly Muslim nation of about 11 million people, was governed for decades by autocrats who imposed secularism. Its sun-drenched Mediterranean beaches drew thousands of bikini-clad tourists, and its governments promoted education and other rights for women. But the country has grappled with rising Islamist militancy since a popular uprising overthrew its dictator four years ago, setting the stage for the Arab Spring revolts across the region.</p>
<p>Thousands of Tunisians have flocked to join jihadist groups in Syria, including the Islamic State, making the country one of the major sources of foreign fighters in the conflict. Tunisian security forces have also fought increasing gunbattles with jihadists at home.</p>
<p>Despite this, the country has been hailed as a model of democratic transition as other governments that came to power after the Arab Spring collapsed, often in bloody confrontations. But the attack Wednesday — on a national landmark that showcases Tunisia’s rich heritage — could heighten tensions in a nation that has become deeply divided between pro- and anti-Islamist political factions.</p>
<p>Many Tunisians accuse the country’s political Islamists, who held power from 2011 to 2013, of having been slow to respond to the growing danger of terrorism. Islamist politicians have acknowledged that they did not realize the threat that would develop when radical Muslims, who had been repressed under authoritarian regimes, won the freedom to preach freely in mosques.</p>
<p>In Washington, White House press secretary Josh Earnest <ahref="http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2015-03-18-ML--Tunisia-Attack-The%20Latest/id-653822d829b24cef993c5bd6a7ce44b5">condemned the attack </a>and said the U.S. government was willing to assist Tunisian authorities in the investigation.</p>
<divclass="inline-content inline-video">
<pclass="inline-video-caption"><spanclass="pb-caption">Gunmen in military uniforms stormed Tunisia's national museum, killing at least 19 people, most of them foreign tourists. (Reuters)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span>Gunmen in military uniforms stormed Tunisia's national museum, killing at least 19 people, most of them foreign tourists. (Reuters)</span></p>
</div>
<p>“This attack today is meant to threaten authorities, to frighten tourists and to negatively affect the economy,” said Lotfi Azzouz, Tunisia country director for Amnesty International, a London-based rights group.</p>
<p>Tourism is critical to Tunisia’s economy, accounting for 15 percent of its gross domestic product in 2013, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council, an industry body. The Bardo museum hosts one of the world’s most outstanding collections of Roman mosaics and is popular with tourists and Tunisians alike.</p>
<pchannel="wp.com"class="interstitial-link"><i>[<ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/03/18/tunisias-bardo-museum-attacked-by-terrorists-is-home-to-amazing-roman-treasures/">Bardo museum houses amazing Roman treasures</a>]</i></p>
<pchannel="wp.com"><i>[<ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/03/18/tunisias-bardo-museum-attacked-by-terrorists-is-home-to-amazing-roman-treasures/">Bardo museum houses amazing Roman treasures</a>]</i></p>
<p>The attack is “also aimed at the country’s security and stability during the transition period,” Azzouz said. “And it could have political repercussions — like the curtailing of human rights, or even less government transparency if there’s fear of further attacks.”</p>
<p>The attack raised concerns that the government, led by secularists, would be pressured to stage a wider crackdown on Islamists of all stripes. Lawmakers are drafting an anti-terrorism bill to give security forces additional tools to fight militants.</p>
<pchannel="wp.com"class="interstitial-link"><i><ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/tunisia-after-igniting-arab-spring-sends-the-most-fighters-to-islamic-state-in-syria/2014/10/28/b5db4faa-5971-11e4-8264-deed989ae9a2_story.html">[Read: Tunisia sends most foreign fighters to Islamic State in Syria]</a></i></p>
<pchannel="wp.com"><i><ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/tunisia-after-igniting-arab-spring-sends-the-most-fighters-to-islamic-state-in-syria/2014/10/28/b5db4faa-5971-11e4-8264-deed989ae9a2_story.html">[Read: Tunisia sends most foreign fighters to Islamic State in Syria]</a></i></p>
<p>“We must pay attention to what is written” in that law, Azzouz said. “There is worry the government will use the attack to justify some draconian measures.”</p>
<p>Tunisian Islamists and secular forces have worked together — often reluctantly — to defuse the country’s political crises in the years since the revolt.</p>
<p>Last fall, Tunisians elected a secular-minded president and parliament dominated by liberal forces after <ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/tunisias-islamists-get-sobering-lesson-in-governing/2014/11/20/b6fc8988-65ad-11e4-ab86-46000e1d0035_story.html">souring on Islamist-led rule</a>. In 2011, voters had elected a government led by the Ennahda party — a movement similar to Egypt’s Islamist Muslim Brotherhood. But a political stalemate developed as the party and others tried to draft the country’s new constitution. The Islamists failed to improve a slumping economy. And Ennahda came under fire for what many Tunisians saw as a failure to crack down on Islamist extremists.</p>
<divclass="inline-content inline-graphic-linked"><spanclass="pb-caption">Map: Flow of foreign fighters to Syria</span></div>
<div><span>Map: Flow of foreign fighters to Syria</span></div>
<p>After the collapse of the authoritarian system in 2011, hard-line Muslims known as Salafists attacked bars and art galleries. Then, in 2012, hundreds of Islamists <ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/in-tunisia-embassy-attack-tests-fledgling-democracy/2012/09/20/19f3986a-0273-11e2-8102-ebee9c66e190_story.html">assaulted the U.S. Embassy </a>in Tunis, shattering windows and hurling gasoline bombs, after the release of a crude online video about the prophet Muhammad.
<ahref="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23452979"></a>The government outlawed the group behind the attack — Ansar al-Sharia, an al-Qaeda-linked organization — and began a crackdown. But the killing <ahref="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23452979">of two leftist politicians</a> in 2013 prompted a fresh political crisis, and Ennahda stepped down, replaced by a technocratic government.</p>
<p>Tunisia’s <ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2015/02/03/tunisia-opts-for-an-inclusive-new-government/">current coalition government</a> includes an Ennahda minister in the cabinet. Still, many leftist figures openly oppose collaboration with the movement’s leaders.</p>
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<p>The leader of Ennahda, Rachid Ghannouchi, condemned Wednesday’s attack, saying in a statement that it “will not break our people’s will and will not undermine our revolution and our democracy.”</p>
<p>Security officials are particularly concerned by the collapse of Libya, where various armed groups are vying for influence and jihadist militants have entrenched themselves in major cities. Tunisians worry that extremists can easily get arms and training in the neighboring country.</p>
<p>In January, Libyan militants loyal to the Islamic State <ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/video-shows-purported-beheading-of-egyptian-christians-in-libya/2015/02/15/b8d0f092-b548-11e4-bc30-a4e75503948a_story.html">beheaded 21 Christians</a> — 20 of them Egyptian Copts — along the country’s coast. They later seized the Libyan city of Sirte.</p>
<p>Officials are worried about the number of Tunisian militants who may have joined the jihadists in Libya — with the goal of returning home to fight the Tunis government.</p>
<p>The Israeli election results also suggest that most voters there support Netanyahu’s tough stance on U.S.-led negotiations to limit Iran’s nuclear program and his vow on Monday that there would be <ahref="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/on-final-day-of-campaign-netanyahu-says-no-palestinian-state-if-he-wins/2015/03/16/4f4468e8-cbdc-11e4-8730-4f473416e759_story.html"title="www.washingtonpost.com">no independent Palestinian state</a> as long as he is prime minister.</p>
<p>“On the way to his election victory, Netanyahu broke a lot of crockery in the relationship,” said Martin Indyk, executive vice president of the Brookings Institution and a former U.S. ambassador to Israel. “It can’t be repaired unless both sides have an interest and desire to do so.”</p>
<p>Aside from Russian President Vladimir Putin, few foreign leaders so brazenly stand up to Obama and even fewer among longtime allies.</p>
<divclass="inline-content inline-video">
<pclass="inline-video-caption"><spanclass="pb-caption">Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu pledged to form a new governing coalition quickly after an upset election victory that was built on a shift to the right. (Reuters)</span></p>
<div>
<p><span>Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu pledged to form a new governing coalition quickly after an upset election victory that was built on a shift to the right. (Reuters)</span></p>
</div>
<p>In the past, Israeli leaders who risked damaging the country’s most important relationship, that with Washington, tended to pay a price. In 1991, when Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir opposed the Madrid peace talks, President George H.W. Bush held back loan guarantees to help absorb immigrants from the former Soviet Union. Shamir gave in, but his government soon collapsed.</p>
<p>But this time, Netanyahu was not hurt by his personal and substantive conflicts with the U.S. president.</p>
@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
<p>“Now it’s hard to see what could persuade the Palestinians” to hold up on their ICC plans, Indyk said. “That has nothing to do with negotiations, but if both sides can’t be persuaded to back down, then they will be on a trajectory that could lead to the collapse of the Palestinian Authority because it can’t pay wages anymore.</p>
<p>“That could be an issue forced onto the agenda about the same time as a potential nuclear deal.”</p>
<pclass="post-body-bio has-photo">Steven Mufson covers the White House. Since joining The Post, he has covered economics, China, foreign policy and energy.</p>
<p>Feb. 23, 2015 -- Life-threatening peanut allergies have mysteriously been on the rise in the past decade, with little hope for a cure.</p>
<pxmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan">But a groundbreaking new study may offer a way to stem that rise, while another may offer some hope for those who are already allergic.</p>
<p>Parents have been told for years to avoid giving foods containing peanuts to babies for fear of triggering an allergy. Now research shows the opposite is true: Feeding babies snacks made with peanuts before their first birthday appears to prevent that from happening.</p>
<p>The study is published in the <i>New England Journal of Medicine,</i> and it was presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology in Houston. It found that among children at high risk for getting peanut allergies, eating peanut snacks by 11 months of age and continuing to eat them at least three times a week until age 5 cut their chances of becoming allergic by more than 80% compared to kids who avoided peanuts. Those at high risk were already allergic to egg, they had the skin condition <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/default.htm"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');"class="Article">eczema</a>, or both.</p>
<p>The study is published in the <i>New England Journal of Medicine,</i> and it was presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology in Houston. It found that among children at high risk for getting peanut allergies, eating peanut snacks by 11 months of age and continuing to eat them at least three times a week until age 5 cut their chances of becoming allergic by more than 80% compared to kids who avoided peanuts. Those at high risk were already allergic to egg, they had the skin condition <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/default.htm"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');">eczema</a>, or both.</p>
<p>Overall, about 3% of kids who ate peanut butter or peanut snacks before their first birthday got an allergy, compared to about 17% of kids who didn’t eat them.</p>
<p>“I think this study is an astounding and groundbreaking study, really,” says Katie Allen, MD, PhD. She's the director of the Center for Food and Allergy Research at the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute in Melbourne, Australia. Allen was not involved in the research.</p>
<p>Experts say the research should shift thinking about how kids develop <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/food-allergy-intolerances"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');"class="Article">food allergies</a>, and it should change the guidance doctors give to parents.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, for children and adults who are already <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/nut-allergy"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');"class="Article">allergic to peanuts</a>, another study presented at the same meeting held out hope of a treatment.</p>
<p>Experts say the research should shift thinking about how kids develop <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/food-allergy-intolerances"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');">food allergies</a>, and it should change the guidance doctors give to parents.</p>
<p>Meanwhile, for children and adults who are already <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/nut-allergy"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');">allergic to peanuts</a>, another study presented at the same meeting held out hope of a treatment.</p>
<p>A new skin patch called Viaskin allowed people with peanut allergies to eat tiny amounts of peanuts after they wore it for a year.</p>
<aname="1"></a>
<h3>A Change in Guidelines?</h3>
<p>Allergies to peanuts and other foods are on the rise. In the U.S., more than 2% of people react to peanuts, a 400% increase since 1997. And reactions to peanuts and other tree nuts can be especially severe. Nuts are the main reason people get a life-threatening problem called <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/anaphylaxis"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');"class="Article">anaphylaxis</a>.</p>
<p>Allergies to peanuts and other foods are on the rise. In the U.S., more than 2% of people react to peanuts, a 400% increase since 1997. And reactions to peanuts and other tree nuts can be especially severe. Nuts are the main reason people get a life-threatening problem called <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/allergies/guide/anaphylaxis"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');">anaphylaxis</a>.</p>
<p>April 17, 2015 -- Imagine being sick in the hospital with a <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/bacterial-and-viral-infections"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');"class="">bacterial infection</a> and doctors can't stop it from spreading. This so-called "superbug" scenario is not science fiction. It's an urgent, worldwide worry that is prompting swift action.</p>
<div>
<p>April 17, 2015 -- Imagine being sick in the hospital with a <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/bacterial-and-viral-infections"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');">bacterial infection</a> and doctors can't stop it from spreading. This so-called "superbug" scenario is not science fiction. It's an urgent, worldwide worry that is prompting swift action.</p>
<pxmlns:xalan="http://xml.apache.org/xalan">Every year, about 2 million people get sick from a superbug, according to the CDC. About 23,000 die. Earlier this year, an outbreak of CRE (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae) linked to contaminated medical tools sickened 11 people at two Los-Angeles area hospitals. Two people died, and more than 200 others may have been exposed.</p>
<p>The White House recently released a <aonclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');"href="http://www.webmd.com/click?url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/national_action_plan_for_combating_antibotic-resistant_bacteria.pdf">comprehensive plan</a> outlining steps to combat drug-resistant bacteria. The plan identifies three "urgent" and several "serious" threats. We asked infectious disease experts to explain what some of them are and when to worry.</p>
<p>It's a term coined by the media to describe bacteria that cannot be killed using multiple <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/rm-quiz-antibiotics-myths-facts"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');"class="">antibiotics</a>. "It resonates because it's scary," says Stephen Calderwood, MD, president of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. "But in fairness, there is no real definition."</p>
<p>It's a term coined by the media to describe bacteria that cannot be killed using multiple <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/rm-quiz-antibiotics-myths-facts"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');">antibiotics</a>. "It resonates because it's scary," says Stephen Calderwood, MD, president of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. "But in fairness, there is no real definition."</p>
<p>Instead, doctors often use phrases like "multidrug-resistant bacteria." That's because a superbug isn't necessarily resistant to all antibiotics. It refers to bacteria that can't be treated using two or more, says Brian K. Coombes, PhD, of McMaster University in Ontario.</p>
<p>Any species of bacteria can turn into a superbug.</p>
<p>Misusing antibiotics (such as taking them when you don't need them or not finishing all of your medicine) is the "single leading factor" contributing to this problem, the CDC says. The concern is that eventually doctors will run out of antibiotics to treat them.</p>
<p>"What the public should know is that the more antibiotics you’ve taken, the higher your superbug risk," says Eric Biondi, MD, who runs a program to decrease unnecessary antibiotic use. "The more encounters you have with the hospital setting, the higher your superbug risk."</p>
<p>"Superbugs should be a concern to everyone," Coombes says. "Antibiotics are the foundation on which all modern medicine rests. Cancer <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/cancer/chemotherapy-what-to-expect"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');"class="">chemotherapy</a>, <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/organ-donation-facts"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');"class="">organ transplants</a>, surgeries, and <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/delivery-methods"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');" class="">childbirth</a> all rely on antibiotics to prevent infections. If you can't treat those, then we lose the medical advances we have made in the last 50 years."</p>
<p>"Superbugs should be a concern to everyone," Coombes says. "Antibiotics are the foundation on which all modern medicine rests. Cancer <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/cancer/chemotherapy-what-to-expect"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');">chemotherapy</a>, <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/organ-donation-facts"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');">organ transplants</a>, surgeries, and <ahref="http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/delivery-methods"onclick="return sl(this,'','embd-lnk');">childbirth</a> all rely on antibiotics to prevent infections. If you can't treat those, then we lose the medical advances we have made in the last 50 years."</p>
<p>Here are some of the growing superbug threats identified in the 2015 White House report.</p>
<p>Although Lucasfilm is already planning a birthday bash for the Star Wars Saga at <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Celebration_Orlando"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable">Celebration Orlando</a> this April, fans might get another present for the saga’s 40th anniversary. According to fan site <ahref="http://makingstarwars.net/2017/02/rumor-unaltered-original-star-wars-trilogy-re-released-year/"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable">MakingStarWars.net</a>, rumors abound that Lucasfilm might re-release the unaltered cuts of the saga’s original trilogy.</p>
<p>If the rumors are true, this is big news for Star Wars fans. Aside from limited VHS releases, the unaltered cuts of the original trilogy films haven’t been available since they premiered in theaters in the 1970s and ’80s. If Lucasfilm indeed re-releases the films’ original cuts, then this will be the first time in decades that fans can see the films in their original forms. Here’s what makes the unaltered cuts of the original trilogy so special.</p>
<h2>The Star Wars Special Editions Caused Controversy
<p>Thanks to the commercial success of Star Wars, <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/George_Lucas"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable">George Lucas</a> has revisited and further edited his films for re-releases. The most notable — and controversial — release were the <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/The_Star_Wars_Trilogy_Special_Edition"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable">Special Editions</a> of the original trilogy. In 1997, to celebrate the saga’s 20th anniversary, Lucasfilm spent a total of $15 million to remaster <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_IV_A_New_Hope"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable"><em>A New Hope</em></a>, <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_V_The_Empire_Strikes_Back"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable"><em>The Empire Strikes Back</em></a>, and <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_VI_Return_of_the_Jedi"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable"><em>Return of the Jedi</em></a>. The Special Editions had stints in theaters before moving to home media.</p>
<p>Although most of the Special Editions’ changes were cosmetic, others significantly affected the plot of the films. The most notable example is the “<ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Han_shot_first"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable">Han shot first</a>” scene in <em>A New Hope</em>. As a result, the Special Editions generated significant controversy among Star Wars fans. Many fans remain skeptical about George Lucas’s decision to finish each original trilogy film “the way it was meant to be.”</p>
<p>While the Special Editions represent the most significant edits to the original trilogy, the saga has undergone other changes. Following up on the saga’s first Blu-ray release in 2011, Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) began remastering the entire saga in 3D, starting with the prequel trilogy. <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_The_Phantom_Menace"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable"><em>The Phantom Menace</em></a> saw a theatrical 3D re-release in 2012, but Disney’s 2012 acquisition of Lucasfilm indefinitely postponed further 3D releases.</p>
<p>In 2015, <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_II_Attack_of_the_Clones"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable"><em>Attack of the Clones</em></a> and <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_III_Revenge_of_the_Sith"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable"><em>Revenge of the Sith</em></a> received limited 3D showings at <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Celebration_Anaheim"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable">Celebration Anaheim</a>. Other than that, it seems as though Disney has decided to refocus Lucasfilm’s efforts to new films. Of course, that’s why the saga has produced new content beginning with <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Star_Wars:_Episode_VII_The_Force_Awakens"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable"><em>The Force Awakens</em></a>. However, it looks like Lucasfilm isn’t likely to generate 3D versions of the original trilogy anytime soon.</p>
<p>Admittedly, the differences between the original trilogy’s unaltered cuts and the Special Editions appeal to more hardcore fans. Casual fans are less likely to care about whether <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Greedo"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable">Greedo</a> or <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Han_Solo"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable">Han Solo</a> shot first. Still, given Star Wars’ indelible impact on pop culture, there’s certainly a market for the original trilogy’s unaltered cuts. They might not be for every Star Wars fan, but many of us care about them.</p>
<p>ILM supervisor <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/John_Knoll"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable">John Knoll</a>, who first pitched the <ahref="http://fandom.wikia.com/videos/john-knoll-important-rogue-one"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable">story idea</a> for <ahref="http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Rogue_One:_A_Star_Wars_Story"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable"><em>Rogue One</em></a>, said <ahref="http://lwlies.com/interviews/gareth-edwards-rogue-one-a-star-wars-story/"data-is="trackable"riot-tag="trackable">last year</a> that ILM finished a brand new 4K restoration print of <em>A New Hope</em>. For that reason, it seems likely that Lucasfilm will finally give diehard fans the original film cuts that they’ve clamored for. There’s no word yet whether the unaltered cuts will be released in theaters or on home media. At the very least, however, fans will likely get them after all this time. After all, the Special Editions marked the saga’s 20th anniversary. Star Wars turns 40 years old this year, so there’s no telling what’s in store.</p>
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<p><b>Mozilla</b> is a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Free_software"title="Free software">free-software</a> community, created in 1998 by members of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape"title="Netscape">Netscape</a>. The Mozilla community uses, develops, spreads and supports Mozilla products, thereby promoting exclusively free software and open standards, with only minor exceptions.<supid="cite_ref-1"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> The community is supported institutionally by the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation"title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a> and its tax-paying subsidiary, the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Corporation"title="Mozilla Corporation">Mozilla Corporation</a>.<supid="cite_ref-2"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/List_of_Mozilla_products"title="List of Mozilla products">Mozilla produces many products</a> such as the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox"title="Firefox">Firefox</a> web browser, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a> e-mail client, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox_Mobile"class="mw-redirect"title="Firefox Mobile">Firefox Mobile</a> web browser, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox_OS"title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a> mobile operating system, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Bugzilla"title="Bugzilla">Bugzilla</a> bug tracking system and other projects.</p>
<p><b>Mozilla</b> is a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Free_software"title="Free software">free-software</a> community, created in 1998 by members of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape"title="Netscape">Netscape</a>. The Mozilla community uses, develops, spreads and supports Mozilla products, thereby promoting exclusively free software and open standards, with only minor exceptions.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> The community is supported institutionally by the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation"title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a> and its tax-paying subsidiary, the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Corporation"title="Mozilla Corporation">Mozilla Corporation</a>.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/List_of_Mozilla_products"title="List of Mozilla products">Mozilla produces many products</a> such as the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox"title="Firefox">Firefox</a> web browser, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a> e-mail client, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox_Mobile" title="Firefox Mobile">Firefox Mobile</a> web browser, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox_OS"title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a> mobile operating system, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Bugzilla"title="Bugzilla">Bugzilla</a> bug tracking system and other projects.</p>
<p>On January 23, 1998, Netscape made two announcements: first, that <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape_Communicator"title="Netscape Communicator">Netscape Communicator</a> will be free; second, that the source code will also be free.<supid="cite_ref-3"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> One day later, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Jamie_Zawinski"title="Jamie Zawinski">Jamie Zawinski</a> from Netscape registered <span>mozilla.org</span>.<supid="cite_ref-4"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> The project was named Mozilla after the original code name of the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape_Navigator"title="Netscape Navigator">Netscape Navigator</a> browser which is a blending of "<ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)"title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Godzilla"title="Godzilla">Godzilla</a>"<supid="cite_ref-google_5-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-google-5">[5]</a></sup> and used to co-ordinate the development of the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite"title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla Application Suite</a>, the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Open_source"class="mw-redirect"title="Open source">open source</a> version of Netscape's internet software, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape_Communicator"title="Netscape Communicator">Netscape Communicator</a>.<supid="cite_ref-Mozilla_Launch_Announcement_6-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-Mozilla_Launch_Announcement-6">[6]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-7"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> Jamie Zawinski says he came up with the name "Mozilla" at a Netscape staff meeting.<supid="cite_ref-8"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-9"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> A small group of Netscape employees were tasked with coordination of the new community.</p>
<p>Originally, Mozilla aimed to be a technology provider for companies, such as Netscape, who would commercialize their open source code.<supid="cite_ref-10"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> When <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/AOL"title="AOL">AOL</a> (Netscape's parent company) greatly reduced its involvement with Mozilla in July 2003, the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation"title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a> was designated the legal steward of the project.<supid="cite_ref-11"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> Soon after, Mozilla deprecated the Mozilla Suite in favor of creating independent applications for each function, primarily the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox"title="Firefox">Firefox</a> web browser and the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a> email client, and moved to supply them directly to the public.<supid="cite_ref-12"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></p>
<p>Recently, Mozilla's activities have expanded to include Firefox on mobile platforms (primarily <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Android_(operating_system)"title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>),<supid="cite_ref-13"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> a mobile OS called <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox_OS"title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a>,<supid="cite_ref-14"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> a web-based identity system called <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Persona"title="Mozilla Persona">Mozilla Persona</a> and a marketplace for HTML5 applications.<supid="cite_ref-15"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup></p>
<p>In a report released in November 2012, Mozilla reported that their total revenue for 2011 was $163 million, which was up 33% from $123 million in 2010. Mozilla noted that roughly 85% of their revenue comes from their contract with Google.<supid="cite_ref-16"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup></p>
<p>At the end of 2013, Mozilla announced a deal with <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Cisco_Systems"title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a> whereby Firefox would download and use a Cisco-provided binary build of an open source<supid="cite_ref-github_17-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-github-17">[17]</a></sup><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Codec"title="Codec">codec</a> to play the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Proprietary_format"title="Proprietary format">proprietary</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/H.264"class="mw-redirect"title="H.264">H.264</a> video format.<supid="cite_ref-gigaom_18-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-gigaom-18">[18]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-techrepublic_19-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-techrepublic-19">[19]</a></sup> As part of the deal, Cisco would pay any patent licensing fees associated with the binaries that it distributes. Mozilla's CTO, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Brendan_Eich"title="Brendan Eich">Brendan Eich</a>, acknowledged that this is "not a complete solution" and isn't "perfect".<supid="cite_ref-20"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> An employee in Mozilla's video formats team, writing in an unofficial capacity, justified<supid="cite_ref-21"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> it by the need to maintain their large user base, which would be necessary in future battles for truly free video formats.</p>
<p>In December 2013, Mozilla announced funding for the development of non-<ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Free_software"title="Free software">free</a> games<supid="cite_ref-22"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> through its Game Creator Challenge. However, even those games that may be released under a non-free software or open source license must be made with open web technologies and Javascript as per the work criteria outlined in the announcement.</p>
<h3><spanclass="mw-headline"id="Eich_CEO_promotion_controversy">Eich CEO promotion controversy</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=2"title="Edit section: Eich CEO promotion controversy">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>On January 23, 1998, Netscape made two announcements: first, that <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape_Communicator"title="Netscape Communicator">Netscape Communicator</a> will be free; second, that the source code will also be free.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> One day later, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Jamie_Zawinski"title="Jamie Zawinski">Jamie Zawinski</a> from Netscape registered <span>mozilla.org</span>.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> The project was named Mozilla after the original code name of the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape_Navigator"title="Netscape Navigator">Netscape Navigator</a> browser which is a blending of "<ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)"title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Godzilla"title="Godzilla">Godzilla</a>"<sup><ahref="#cite_note-google-5">[5]</a></sup> and used to co-ordinate the development of the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite"title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla Application Suite</a>, the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> version of Netscape's internet software, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape_Communicator"title="Netscape Communicator">Netscape Communicator</a>.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-Mozilla_Launch_Announcement-6">[6]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> Jamie Zawinski says he came up with the name "Mozilla" at a Netscape staff meeting.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> A small group of Netscape employees were tasked with coordination of the new community.</p>
<p>Originally, Mozilla aimed to be a technology provider for companies, such as Netscape, who would commercialize their open source code.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> When <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/AOL"title="AOL">AOL</a> (Netscape's parent company) greatly reduced its involvement with Mozilla in July 2003, the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation"title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a> was designated the legal steward of the project.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> Soon after, Mozilla deprecated the Mozilla Suite in favor of creating independent applications for each function, primarily the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox"title="Firefox">Firefox</a> web browser and the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a> email client, and moved to supply them directly to the public.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></p>
<p>Recently, Mozilla's activities have expanded to include Firefox on mobile platforms (primarily <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Android_(operating_system)"title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>),<sup><ahref="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> a mobile OS called <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox_OS"title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a>,<sup><ahref="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> a web-based identity system called <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Persona"title="Mozilla Persona">Mozilla Persona</a> and a marketplace for HTML5 applications.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup></p>
<p>In a report released in November 2012, Mozilla reported that their total revenue for 2011 was $163 million, which was up 33% from $123 million in 2010. Mozilla noted that roughly 85% of their revenue comes from their contract with Google.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup></p>
<p>At the end of 2013, Mozilla announced a deal with <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Cisco_Systems"title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a> whereby Firefox would download and use a Cisco-provided binary build of an open source<sup><ahref="#cite_note-github-17">[17]</a></sup><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Codec"title="Codec">codec</a> to play the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Proprietary_format"title="Proprietary format">proprietary</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/H.264" title="H.264">H.264</a> video format.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-gigaom-18">[18]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-techrepublic-19">[19]</a></sup> As part of the deal, Cisco would pay any patent licensing fees associated with the binaries that it distributes. Mozilla's CTO, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Brendan_Eich"title="Brendan Eich">Brendan Eich</a>, acknowledged that this is "not a complete solution" and isn't "perfect".<sup><ahref="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> An employee in Mozilla's video formats team, writing in an unofficial capacity, justified<sup><ahref="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> it by the need to maintain their large user base, which would be necessary in future battles for truly free video formats.</p>
<p>In December 2013, Mozilla announced funding for the development of non-<ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Free_software"title="Free software">free</a> games<sup><ahref="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> through its Game Creator Challenge. However, even those games that may be released under a non-free software or open source license must be made with open web technologies and Javascript as per the work criteria outlined in the announcement.</p>
<h3><span>Eich CEO promotion controversy</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=2"title="Edit section: Eich CEO promotion controversy">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
</h3>
<p>On March 24, 2014, Mozilla promoted <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Brendan_Eich"title="Brendan Eich">Brendan Eich</a> to the role of CEO. This led to boycotts and protests from the LGBT community and its supporters, as Eich previously donated US$1,000<supid="cite_ref-23"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> in 2008 in support of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/California_Proposition_8_(2008)"title="California Proposition 8 (2008)">California's Proposition 8</a>, a California ballot proposition and state constitutional amendment in opposition to same-sex marriage.<supid="cite_ref-arstechnica_24-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-arstechnica-24">[24]</a></sup> Eich's donation first became public knowledge in 2012, while he was Mozilla’s chief technical officer, leading to angry responses on Twitter—including the use of the hashtag "#wontworkwithbigots".<supid="cite_ref-25"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup></p>
<p>Protests also emerged in 2014 following the announcement of Eich's appointment as CEO of Mozilla. U.S. companies <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/OkCupid"title="OkCupid">OkCupid</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/CREDO_Mobile"title="CREDO Mobile">CREDO Mobile</a> received media coverage for their objections, with the former asking its users to boycott the browser,<supid="cite_ref-26"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> while Credo amassed 50,000 signatures for a petition that called for Eich's resignation</p>
<p>Due to the controversy, Eich voluntarily stepped down on April 3, 2014<supid="cite_ref-27"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mitchell_Baker"title="Mitchell Baker">Mitchell Baker</a>, executive chairwoman of Mozilla Corporation, posted a statement on the Mozilla blog: "We didn’t move fast enough to engage with people once the controversy started. Mozilla believes both in equality and freedom of speech. Equality is necessary for meaningful speech. And you need free speech to fight for equality."<supid="cite_ref-28"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> Eich's resignation promoted a larger backlash from conservatives who felt he had been forced out of the company internally.<supclass="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact">[<i><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><spantitle="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>
<p>OkCupid co-founder and CEO <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Sam_Yagan"title="Sam Yagan">Sam Yagan</a> had also donated $500<supid="cite_ref-29"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> to Republican candidate <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Chris_Cannon"title="Chris Cannon">Chris Cannon</a> who proceeded to vote for multiple measures viewed as "anti-gay", including the banning of same-sex marriage.<supid="cite_ref-30"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-31"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-32"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-33"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> Yagan claims he did not know about Cannon's stance on gay rights and that his contribution was due to the candidate being the ranking Republican participating in the House subcommittee that oversaw Internet and Intellectual Property matters.<supid="cite_ref-34"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-35"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-uncrunched.com_36-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-uncrunched.com-36">[36]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-37"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-38"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup></p>
<p>Reader comments on articles that were published close to the events were divided between support for OkCupid's actions and opposition to them. Supporters claimed the boycott was justified and saw OkCupid's actions as a firm statement of opposition to intolerance towards the gay community. Opponents saw OkCupid's actions as hypocritical, since Eich is also the inventor of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Brendan_Eich#Netscape_and_JavaScript"title="Brendan Eich">JavaScript</a>, which is still required to browse OkCupid's website, and felt that users should not be punished for the actions of Mozilla and suspected that OkCupid's actions were a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Publicity_stunt"title="Publicity stunt">publicity stunt</a>.<supid="cite_ref-uncrunched.com_36-1"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-uncrunched.com-36">[36]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-39"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup></p>
<p>On March 24, 2014, Mozilla promoted <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Brendan_Eich"title="Brendan Eich">Brendan Eich</a> to the role of CEO. This led to boycotts and protests from the LGBT community and its supporters, as Eich previously donated US$1,000<sup><ahref="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> in 2008 in support of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/California_Proposition_8_(2008)"title="California Proposition 8 (2008)">California's Proposition 8</a>, a California ballot proposition and state constitutional amendment in opposition to same-sex marriage.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-arstechnica-24">[24]</a></sup> Eich's donation first became public knowledge in 2012, while he was Mozilla’s chief technical officer, leading to angry responses on Twitter—including the use of the hashtag "#wontworkwithbigots".<sup><ahref="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup></p>
<p>Protests also emerged in 2014 following the announcement of Eich's appointment as CEO of Mozilla. U.S. companies <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/OkCupid"title="OkCupid">OkCupid</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/CREDO_Mobile"title="CREDO Mobile">CREDO Mobile</a> received media coverage for their objections, with the former asking its users to boycott the browser,<sup><ahref="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> while Credo amassed 50,000 signatures for a petition that called for Eich's resignation</p>
<p>Due to the controversy, Eich voluntarily stepped down on April 3, 2014<sup><ahref="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mitchell_Baker"title="Mitchell Baker">Mitchell Baker</a>, executive chairwoman of Mozilla Corporation, posted a statement on the Mozilla blog: "We didn’t move fast enough to engage with people once the controversy started. Mozilla believes both in equality and freedom of speech. Equality is necessary for meaningful speech. And you need free speech to fight for equality."<sup><ahref="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> Eich's resignation promoted a larger backlash from conservatives who felt he had been forced out of the company internally.<sup>[<i><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><spantitle="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>
<p>OkCupid co-founder and CEO <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Sam_Yagan"title="Sam Yagan">Sam Yagan</a> had also donated $500<sup><ahref="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> to Republican candidate <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Chris_Cannon"title="Chris Cannon">Chris Cannon</a> who proceeded to vote for multiple measures viewed as "anti-gay", including the banning of same-sex marriage.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> Yagan claims he did not know about Cannon's stance on gay rights and that his contribution was due to the candidate being the ranking Republican participating in the House subcommittee that oversaw Internet and Intellectual Property matters.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-uncrunched.com-36">[36]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup></p>
<p>Reader comments on articles that were published close to the events were divided between support for OkCupid's actions and opposition to them. Supporters claimed the boycott was justified and saw OkCupid's actions as a firm statement of opposition to intolerance towards the gay community. Opponents saw OkCupid's actions as hypocritical, since Eich is also the inventor of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Brendan_Eich#Netscape_and_JavaScript"title="Brendan Eich">JavaScript</a>, which is still required to browse OkCupid's website, and felt that users should not be punished for the actions of Mozilla and suspected that OkCupid's actions were a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Publicity_stunt"title="Publicity stunt">publicity stunt</a>.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-uncrunched.com-36">[36]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup></p>
<p>According to Mozilla's manifesto,<supid="cite_ref-manifesto_40-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-manifesto-40">[40]</a></sup> which outlines goals, principles, and a pledge, "The Mozilla project uses a community-based approach to create world-class open source software and to develop new types of collaborative activities". Mozilla's manifesto mentions only its beliefs in regards to the Internet and Internet privacy, and has no mention of any political or social viewpoints.</p>
<p>According to Mozilla's manifesto,<sup><ahref="#cite_note-manifesto-40">[40]</a></sup> which outlines goals, principles, and a pledge, "The Mozilla project uses a community-based approach to create world-class open source software and to develop new types of collaborative activities". Mozilla's manifesto mentions only its beliefs in regards to the Internet and Internet privacy, and has no mention of any political or social viewpoints.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox"title="Firefox">Firefox</a> is a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Web_browser"title="Web browser">web browser</a>, and is Mozilla's <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Flagship_product"class="mw-redirect"title="Flagship product">flagship</a> software product. It is available in both desktop and mobile versions. Firefox uses the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Gecko_(software)"title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Layout_engine"title="Layout engine">layout engine</a> to render web pages, which implements current and anticipated <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Web_standards"title="Web standards">web standards</a>.<supid="cite_ref-42"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> As of late 2015<supclass="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update"><aclass="external text"href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Firefox has approximately 10-11% of worldwide <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers#Summary"title="Usage share of web browsers">usage share of web browsers</a>, making it the 4th most-used web browser.<supid="cite_ref-w3counter1_43-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-w3counter1-43">[43]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-gs.statcounter.com_44-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-gs.statcounter.com-44">[44]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-getclicky1_45-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-getclicky1-45">[45]</a></sup></p>
<p>Firefox began as an experimental branch of the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla#Mozilla_Project"title="Mozilla">Mozilla codebase</a> by <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Dave_Hyatt"title="Dave Hyatt">Dave Hyatt</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Joe_Hewitt_(programmer)"title="Joe Hewitt (programmer)">Joe Hewitt</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Blake_Ross"title="Blake Ross">Blake Ross</a>. They believed the commercial requirements of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape"title="Netscape">Netscape's</a> sponsorship and developer-driven <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Feature_creep"title="Feature creep">feature creep</a> compromised the utility of the Mozilla browser.<supid="cite_ref-46"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup> To combat what they saw as the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite"title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla Suite's</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Software_bloat"title="Software bloat">software bloat</a>, they created a stand-alone browser, with which they intended to replace the Mozilla Suite.</p>
<p>Firefox was originally named <i>Phoenix</i> but the name was changed so as to avoid trademark conflicts with <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Phoenix_Technologies"title="Phoenix Technologies">Phoenix Technologies</a>. The initially-announced replacement, <i>Firebird</i>, provoked objections from the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firebird_(database_server)"title="Firebird (database server)">Firebird</a> project community.<supid="cite_ref-47"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-48"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> The current name, Firefox, was chosen on February 9, 2004.<supid="cite_ref-49"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup></p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox"title="Firefox">Firefox</a> is a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Web_browser"title="Web browser">web browser</a>, and is Mozilla's <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Flagship_product" title="Flagship product">flagship</a> software product. It is available in both desktop and mobile versions. Firefox uses the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Gecko_(software)"title="Gecko (software)">Gecko</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Layout_engine"title="Layout engine">layout engine</a> to render web pages, which implements current and anticipated <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Web_standards"title="Web standards">web standards</a>.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> As of late 2015<sup><ahref="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Firefox has approximately 10-11% of worldwide <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers#Summary"title="Usage share of web browsers">usage share of web browsers</a>, making it the 4th most-used web browser.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-w3counter1-43">[43]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-gs.statcounter.com-44">[44]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-getclicky1-45">[45]</a></sup></p>
<p>Firefox began as an experimental branch of the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla#Mozilla_Project"title="Mozilla">Mozilla codebase</a> by <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Dave_Hyatt"title="Dave Hyatt">Dave Hyatt</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Joe_Hewitt_(programmer)"title="Joe Hewitt (programmer)">Joe Hewitt</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Blake_Ross"title="Blake Ross">Blake Ross</a>. They believed the commercial requirements of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape"title="Netscape">Netscape's</a> sponsorship and developer-driven <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Feature_creep"title="Feature creep">feature creep</a> compromised the utility of the Mozilla browser.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup> To combat what they saw as the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Application_Suite"title="Mozilla Application Suite">Mozilla Suite's</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Software_bloat"title="Software bloat">software bloat</a>, they created a stand-alone browser, with which they intended to replace the Mozilla Suite.</p>
<p>Firefox was originally named <i>Phoenix</i> but the name was changed so as to avoid trademark conflicts with <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Phoenix_Technologies"title="Phoenix Technologies">Phoenix Technologies</a>. The initially-announced replacement, <i>Firebird</i>, provoked objections from the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firebird_(database_server)"title="Firebird (database server)">Firebird</a> project community.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> The current name, Firefox, was chosen on February 9, 2004.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup></p>
<p>Firefox Mobile (codenamed <i>Fennec</i>) is the build of the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox"title="Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Web_browser"title="Web browser">web browser</a> for devices such as <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Smartphone"title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Tablet_computer"title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a>.</p>
<p>Firefox Mobile uses the same <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Gecko_(layout_engine)"class="mw-redirect"title="Gecko (layout engine)">Gecko</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Layout_engine"title="Layout engine">layout engine</a> as <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox"title="Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a>. For example, version 1.0 used the same engine as Firefox 3.6, and the following release, 4.0, shared core code with Firefox 4.0. Its features include <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/HTML5"title="HTML5">HTML5</a> support, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox_Sync"title="Firefox Sync">Firefox Sync</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Add-on_(Mozilla)"title="Add-on (Mozilla)">add-ons</a> support and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Tabbed_browsing"class="mw-redirect"title="Tabbed browsing">tabbed browsing</a>.<supid="cite_ref-50"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup></p>
<p>Firefox Mobile is currently available for <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Android_(operating_system)"title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> 2.2 and above devices with an <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/ARM_architecture"title="ARM architecture">ARMv7</a> or <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/ARM_architecture"title="ARM architecture">ARMv6</a> CPU.<supid="cite_ref-51"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> The x86 architecture is not officially supported.<supid="cite_ref-52"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Tristan_Nitot"title="Tristan Nitot">Tristan Nitot</a>, president of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Europe"title="Mozilla Europe">Mozilla Europe</a>, has said that it's unlikely that an <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/IPhone"title="IPhone">iPhone</a> or a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/BlackBerry"title="BlackBerry">BlackBerry</a> version will be released, citing <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Apple_Inc"class="mw-redirect"title="Apple Inc">Apple's</a> iTunes Store application approval policies (which forbid applications competing with Apple's own, and forbid engines which run downloaded code) and BlackBerry's limited operating system as the reasons.<supid="cite_ref-53"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup></p>
<p>Firefox Mobile uses the same <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Gecko_(layout_engine)" title="Gecko (layout engine)">Gecko</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Layout_engine"title="Layout engine">layout engine</a> as <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox"title="Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a>. For example, version 1.0 used the same engine as Firefox 3.6, and the following release, 4.0, shared core code with Firefox 4.0. Its features include <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/HTML5"title="HTML5">HTML5</a> support, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox_Sync"title="Firefox Sync">Firefox Sync</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Add-on_(Mozilla)"title="Add-on (Mozilla)">add-ons</a> support and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Tabbed_browsing" title="Tabbed browsing">tabbed browsing</a>.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup></p>
<p>Firefox Mobile is currently available for <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Android_(operating_system)"title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> 2.2 and above devices with an <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/ARM_architecture"title="ARM architecture">ARMv7</a> or <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/ARM_architecture"title="ARM architecture">ARMv6</a> CPU.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> The x86 architecture is not officially supported.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Tristan_Nitot"title="Tristan Nitot">Tristan Nitot</a>, president of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Europe"title="Mozilla Europe">Mozilla Europe</a>, has said that it's unlikely that an <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/IPhone"title="IPhone">iPhone</a> or a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/BlackBerry"title="BlackBerry">BlackBerry</a> version will be released, citing <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Apple_Inc" title="Apple Inc">Apple's</a> iTunes Store application approval policies (which forbid applications competing with Apple's own, and forbid engines which run downloaded code) and BlackBerry's limited operating system as the reasons.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup></p>
<p>Firefox OS (project name: <i>Boot to Gecko</i> also known as <i>B2G</i>) is an <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Open_source"class="mw-redirect"title="Open source">open source</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Operating_system"title="Operating system">operating system</a> in development by Mozilla that aims to support <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/HTML5"title="HTML5">HTML5</a> apps written using "<ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Open_Web"title="Open Web">open Web</a>" technologies rather than platform-specific native <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Application_programming_interface"title="Application programming interface">APIs</a>. The concept behind Firefox OS is that all user-accessible software will be HTML5 applications, that use Open Web APIs to access the phone's hardware directly via <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/JavaScript"title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.<supid="cite_ref-54"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup></p>
<p>Some devices using this OS include<supid="cite_ref-55"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup> Alcatel One Touch Fire, ZTE Open, LG Fireweb.</p>
<p>Firefox OS (project name: <i>Boot to Gecko</i> also known as <i>B2G</i>) is an <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Operating_system"title="Operating system">operating system</a> in development by Mozilla that aims to support <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/HTML5"title="HTML5">HTML5</a> apps written using "<ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Open_Web"title="Open Web">open Web</a>" technologies rather than platform-specific native <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Application_programming_interface"title="Application programming interface">APIs</a>. The concept behind Firefox OS is that all user-accessible software will be HTML5 applications, that use Open Web APIs to access the phone's hardware directly via <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/JavaScript"title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup></p>
<p>Some devices using this OS include<sup><ahref="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup> Alcatel One Touch Fire, ZTE Open, LG Fireweb.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a> is a free, open source, cross-platform email and news client developed by the volunteers of the Mozilla Community.</p>
<p>On July 16, 2012, Mitchell Baker announced that Mozilla's leadership had come to the conclusion that on-going stability was the most important thing for Thunderbird and that innovation in Thunderbird was no longer a priority for Mozilla. In that update Baker also suggested that Mozilla had provided a pathway for community to innovate around Thunderbird if the community chooses.<supid="cite_ref-56"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup></p>
<p>On July 16, 2012, Mitchell Baker announced that Mozilla's leadership had come to the conclusion that on-going stability was the most important thing for Thunderbird and that innovation in Thunderbird was no longer a priority for Mozilla. In that update Baker also suggested that Mozilla had provided a pathway for community to innovate around Thunderbird if the community chooses.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup></p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/SeaMonkey"title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a> (formerly the Mozilla Application Suite) is a free and open source cross platform suite of Internet software components including a web browser component, a client for sending and receiving email and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/USENET"class="mw-redirect"title="USENET">USENET</a> newsgroup messages, an HTML editor (<ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Composer"title="Mozilla Composer">Mozilla Composer</a>) and the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/ChatZilla"title="ChatZilla">ChatZilla</a> IRC client.</p>
<p>On March 10, 2005, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/The_Mozilla_Foundation"class="mw-redirect"title="The Mozilla Foundation">the Mozilla Foundation</a> announced that it would not release any official versions of Mozilla Application Suite beyond 1.7.x, since it had now focused on the standalone applications <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox"class="mw-redirect"title="Mozilla Firefox">Firefox</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a>.<supid="cite_ref-57"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> SeaMonkey is now maintained by the SeaMonkey Council, which has <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Trademark"title="Trademark">trademarked</a> the SeaMonkey name with help from the Mozilla Foundation.<supid="cite_ref-58"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup> The Mozilla Foundation provides project hosting for the SeaMonkey developers.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/SeaMonkey"title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a> (formerly the Mozilla Application Suite) is a free and open source cross platform suite of Internet software components including a web browser component, a client for sending and receiving email and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/USENET" title="USENET">USENET</a> newsgroup messages, an HTML editor (<ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Composer"title="Mozilla Composer">Mozilla Composer</a>) and the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/ChatZilla"title="ChatZilla">ChatZilla</a> IRC client.</p>
<p>On March 10, 2005, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/The_Mozilla_Foundation" title="The Mozilla Foundation">the Mozilla Foundation</a> announced that it would not release any official versions of Mozilla Application Suite beyond 1.7.x, since it had now focused on the standalone applications <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" title="Mozilla Firefox">Firefox</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a>.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> SeaMonkey is now maintained by the SeaMonkey Council, which has <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Trademark"title="Trademark">trademarked</a> the SeaMonkey name with help from the Mozilla Foundation.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup> The Mozilla Foundation provides project hosting for the SeaMonkey developers.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Bugzilla"title="Bugzilla">Bugzilla</a> is a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/World_Wide_Web"title="World Wide Web">web</a>-based general-purpose <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Bug_tracking_system"title="Bug tracking system">bug tracking system</a>, which was released as <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Open_source_software"class="mw-redirect"title="Open source software">open source software</a> by <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Netscape Communications">Netscape Communications</a> in 1998 along with the rest of the Mozilla codebase, and is currently stewarded by Mozilla. It has been adopted by a variety of organizations for use as a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Bug_tracking_system"title="Bug tracking system">bug tracking system</a> for both <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Free_and_open_source_software"class="mw-redirect"title="Free and open source software">free and open source software</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Proprietary_software"title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> projects and products, including the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/The_Mozilla_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a>, the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Linux_kernel"title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/GNOME"title="GNOME">GNOME</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/KDE"title="KDE">KDE</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Red_Hat"title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Novell"title="Novell">Novell</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Eclipse_(software)"title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/LibreOffice"title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a>.<supid="cite_ref-59"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup></p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Bugzilla"title="Bugzilla">Bugzilla</a> is a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/World_Wide_Web"title="World Wide Web">web</a>-based general-purpose <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Bug_tracking_system"title="Bug tracking system">bug tracking system</a>, which was released as <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Open_source_software" title="Open source software">open source software</a> by <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape_Communications" title="Netscape Communications">Netscape Communications</a> in 1998 along with the rest of the Mozilla codebase, and is currently stewarded by Mozilla. It has been adopted by a variety of organizations for use as a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Bug_tracking_system"title="Bug tracking system">bug tracking system</a> for both <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Free_and_open_source_software" title="Free and open source software">free and open source software</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Proprietary_software"title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> projects and products, including the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/The_Mozilla_Foundation" title="The Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a>, the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Linux_kernel"title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/GNOME"title="GNOME">GNOME</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/KDE"title="KDE">KDE</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Red_Hat"title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Novell"title="Novell">Novell</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Eclipse_(software)"title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/LibreOffice"title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a>.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup></p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Network_Security_Services"title="Network Security Services">Network Security Services</a> (NSS) comprises a set of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Library_(computing)"title="Library (computing)">libraries</a> designed to support <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Cross-platform"title="Cross-platform">cross-platform</a> development of security-enabled client and server applications. NSS provides a complete open-source implementation of crypto libraries supporting <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer"class="mw-redirect"title="Secure Sockets Layer">SSL</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/S/MIME"title="S/MIME">S/MIME</a>. NSS was previously <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Multi-licensing"title="Multi-licensing">tri-licensed</a> under the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License"title="Mozilla Public License">Mozilla Public License</a> 1.1, the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License"title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a>, and the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/LGPL" class="mw-redirect" title="LGPL">GNU Lesser General Public License</a>, but upgraded to GPL-compatible MPL 2.0.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Network_Security_Services"title="Network Security Services">Network Security Services</a> (NSS) comprises a set of <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Library_(computing)"title="Library (computing)">libraries</a> designed to support <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Cross-platform"title="Cross-platform">cross-platform</a> development of security-enabled client and server applications. NSS provides a complete open-source implementation of crypto libraries supporting <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer" title="Secure Sockets Layer">SSL</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/S/MIME"title="S/MIME">S/MIME</a>. NSS was previously <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Multi-licensing"title="Multi-licensing">tri-licensed</a> under the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License"title="Mozilla Public License">Mozilla Public License</a> 1.1, the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License"title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a>, and the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/LGPL" title="LGPL">GNU Lesser General Public License</a>, but upgraded to GPL-compatible MPL 2.0.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/AOL"title="AOL">AOL</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Red_Hat"title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Sun_Microsystems"title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>/<ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Oracle_Corporation"title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Google"title="Google">Google</a> and other companies and individual contributors have co-developed NSS and it is used in a wide range of non-Mozilla products including <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Evolution_(software)"title="Evolution (software)">Evolution</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Pidgin_(software)"title="Pidgin (software)">Pidgin</a>, and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Apache_OpenOffice"title="Apache OpenOffice">Apache OpenOffice</a>.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/SpiderMonkey_(software)"class="mw-redirect"title="SpiderMonkey (software)">SpiderMonkey</a> is the original <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/JavaScript_engine"title="JavaScript engine">JavaScript engine</a> developed by <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Brendan_Eich"title="Brendan Eich">Brendan Eich</a> when he invented <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/JavaScript"title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> in 1995 as a developer at <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape"title="Netscape">Netscape</a>. It became part of the Mozilla product family when Mozilla inherited Netscape's code-base in 1998. In 2011, Eich transferred the nominal ownership of the SpiderMonkey code and project to Dave Mandelin.<supid="cite_ref-BE201106_60-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-BE201106-60">[60]</a></sup></p>
<p>SpiderMonkey is a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Cross-platform"title="Cross-platform">cross-platform</a> engine written in <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/C%2B%2B"title="C++">C++</a> which implements <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/ECMAScript"title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>, a standard developed from JavaScript.<supid="cite_ref-BE201106_60-1"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-BE201106-60">[60]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-61"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup> It comprises an <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)"title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a>, several <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation"title="Just-in-time compilation">just-in-time compilers</a>, a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Decompiler"title="Decompiler">decompiler</a> and a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)"title="Garbage collection (computer science)">garbage collector</a>. Products which embed SpiderMonkey include <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox"title="Firefox">Firefox</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/SeaMonkey"title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a>, and many non-Mozilla applications.<supid="cite_ref-62"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup></p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/SpiderMonkey_(software)" title="SpiderMonkey (software)">SpiderMonkey</a> is the original <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/JavaScript_engine"title="JavaScript engine">JavaScript engine</a> developed by <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Brendan_Eich"title="Brendan Eich">Brendan Eich</a> when he invented <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/JavaScript"title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> in 1995 as a developer at <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Netscape"title="Netscape">Netscape</a>. It became part of the Mozilla product family when Mozilla inherited Netscape's code-base in 1998. In 2011, Eich transferred the nominal ownership of the SpiderMonkey code and project to Dave Mandelin.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-BE201106-60">[60]</a></sup></p>
<p>SpiderMonkey is a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Cross-platform"title="Cross-platform">cross-platform</a> engine written in <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/C%2B%2B"title="C++">C++</a> which implements <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/ECMAScript"title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>, a standard developed from JavaScript.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-BE201106-60">[60]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup> It comprises an <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)"title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a>, several <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation"title="Just-in-time compilation">just-in-time compilers</a>, a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Decompiler"title="Decompiler">decompiler</a> and a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)"title="Garbage collection (computer science)">garbage collector</a>. Products which embed SpiderMonkey include <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Firefox"title="Firefox">Firefox</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird"title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/SeaMonkey"title="SeaMonkey">SeaMonkey</a>, and many non-Mozilla applications.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup></p>
<p>Rhino is an <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Open_source"class="mw-redirect"title="Open source">open source</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/JavaScript_engine"title="JavaScript engine">JavaScript engine</a> managed by the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation"title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a>. It is developed entirely in <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Java_(programming_language)"title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>. Rhino converts JavaScript scripts into Java <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)"title="Class (computer programming)">classes</a>. Rhino works in both <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Compiler"title="Compiler">compiled</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)"title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreted</a> mode.<supid="cite_ref-63"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup></p>
<p>Rhino is an <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/JavaScript_engine"title="JavaScript engine">JavaScript engine</a> managed by the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation"title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a>. It is developed entirely in <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Java_(programming_language)"title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>. Rhino converts JavaScript scripts into Java <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)"title="Class (computer programming)">classes</a>. Rhino works in both <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Compiler"title="Compiler">compiled</a> and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)"title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreted</a> mode.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup></p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Gecko_(layout_engine)"class="mw-redirect"title="Gecko (layout engine)">Gecko</a> is a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Web_browser_engine"title="Web browser engine">layout engine</a> that supports web pages written using <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/HTML"title="HTML">HTML</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics"title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a>, and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/MathML"title="MathML">MathML</a>. Gecko is written in <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/C%2B%2B"title="C++">C++</a> and uses <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/NSPR"class="mw-redirect"title="NSPR">NSPR</a> for <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Platform_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform independence">platform independence</a>. Its source code is licensed under the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License"title="Mozilla Public License">Mozilla Public License</a>.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Gecko_(layout_engine)" title="Gecko (layout engine)">Gecko</a> is a <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Web_browser_engine"title="Web browser engine">layout engine</a> that supports web pages written using <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/HTML"title="HTML">HTML</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics"title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a>, and <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/MathML"title="MathML">MathML</a>. Gecko is written in <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/C%2B%2B"title="C++">C++</a> and uses <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/NSPR" title="NSPR">NSPR</a> for <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Platform_independence" title="Platform independence">platform independence</a>. Its source code is licensed under the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License"title="Mozilla Public License">Mozilla Public License</a>.</p>
<p>Firefox uses Gecko both for rendering web pages and for rendering its <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/User_interface"title="User interface">user interface</a>. Gecko is also used by Thunderbird, SeaMonkey, and many non-Mozilla applications.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)"title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a> is a compiled <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Programming_language"title="Programming language">programming language</a> being developed by Mozilla Research. It is designed for safety, concurrency, and performance. Rust is intended for creating large and complex software which needs to be both safe against exploits and fast.</p>
<p>Rust is being used in an experimental layout engine, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Servo_(layout_engine)"title="Servo (layout engine)">Servo</a>, which is developed by Mozilla and Samsung. Servo is not used in any consumer-oriented browsers yet. However, the Servo project developers plan for parts of the Servo source code to be merged into Gecko, and Firefox, incrementally.<supid="cite_ref-64"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-65"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup></p>
<p>Rust is being used in an experimental layout engine, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Servo_(layout_engine)"title="Servo (layout engine)">Servo</a>, which is developed by Mozilla and Samsung. Servo is not used in any consumer-oriented browsers yet. However, the Servo project developers plan for parts of the Servo source code to be merged into Gecko, and Firefox, incrementally.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup></p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/XULRunner"title="XULRunner">XULRunner</a> is a software platform and technology experiment by Mozilla, that allows applications built with the same technologies used by Firefox extensions (XPCOM, Javascript, HTML, CSS, XUL) to be run natively as desktop applications, without requiring Firefox to be installed on the user's machine. XULRunner binaries are available for the Windows, GNU/Linux and OS X operating systems, allowing such applications to be effectively cross platform.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Pdf.js"class="mw-redirect"title="Pdf.js">Pdf.js</a> is a library developed by Mozilla that allows in-browser rendering of pdf documents using the HTML5 Canvas and Javascript. It is included by default in recent versions of Firefox, allowing the browser to render pdf documents without requiring an external plugin; and it is available separately as an extension named "PDF Viewer" for Firefox for Android, SeaMonkey, and the Firefox versions which don't include it built-in. It can also be included as part of a website's scripts, to allow pdf rendering for any browser that implements the required HTML5 features and can run Javascript.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Pdf.js" title="Pdf.js">Pdf.js</a> is a library developed by Mozilla that allows in-browser rendering of pdf documents using the HTML5 Canvas and Javascript. It is included by default in recent versions of Firefox, allowing the browser to render pdf documents without requiring an external plugin; and it is available separately as an extension named "PDF Viewer" for Firefox for Android, SeaMonkey, and the Firefox versions which don't include it built-in. It can also be included as part of a website's scripts, to allow pdf rendering for any browser that implements the required HTML5 features and can run Javascript.</p>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Shumway_(software)"title="Shumway (software)">Shumway</a> is an open source replacement for the Adobe Flash Player, developed by Mozilla since 2012, using open web technologies as a replacement for Flash technologies. It uses Javascript and HTML5 Canvas elements to render Flash and execute Actionscript. It is included by default in Firefox Nightly and can be installed as an extension for any recent version of Firefox. The current implementation is limited in its capabilities to render Flash content outside simple projects.</p>
<h2><spanclass="mw-headline"id="Other_activities">Other activities</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=21"title="Edit section: Other activities">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<h2><span>Other activities</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=21"title="Edit section: Other activities">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
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<h3><spanclass="mw-headline"id="Mozilla_VR">Mozilla VR</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=22"title="Edit section: Mozilla VR">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<h3><span>Mozilla VR</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=22"title="Edit section: Mozilla VR">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
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<p>Mozilla VR is a team focused on bringing <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Virtual_reality"title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a> tools, specifications, and standards to the open Web.<supid="cite_ref-66"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup> Mozilla VR maintains <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/A-Frame_(VR)"title="A-Frame (VR)">A-Frame (VR)</a>, a web framework for building VR experiences, and works on advancing <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/WebVR"title="WebVR">WebVR</a> support within web browsers.</p>
<h3><spanclass="mw-headline"id="Mozilla_Persona">Mozilla Persona</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=23"title="Edit section: Mozilla Persona">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>Mozilla VR is a team focused on bringing <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Virtual_reality"title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a> tools, specifications, and standards to the open Web.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup> Mozilla VR maintains <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/A-Frame_(VR)"title="A-Frame (VR)">A-Frame (VR)</a>, a web framework for building VR experiences, and works on advancing <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/WebVR"title="WebVR">WebVR</a> support within web browsers.</p>
<h3><span>Mozilla Persona</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=23"title="Edit section: Mozilla Persona">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
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<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Persona"title="Mozilla Persona">Mozilla Persona</a> is a secure, cross-browser website <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Authentication"title="Authentication">authentication</a> mechanism which allows a user to use a single username and password (or other authentication method) to log in to multiple sites.<supid="cite_ref-67"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup> Mozilla Persona will be shutting down on November 30, 2016.<supid="cite_ref-68"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup></p>
<h3><spanclass="mw-headline"id="Mozilla_Location_Service">Mozilla Location Service</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=24"title="Edit section: Mozilla Location Service">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Persona"title="Mozilla Persona">Mozilla Persona</a> is a secure, cross-browser website <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Authentication"title="Authentication">authentication</a> mechanism which allows a user to use a single username and password (or other authentication method) to log in to multiple sites.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup> Mozilla Persona will be shutting down on November 30, 2016.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span>Mozilla Location Service</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=24"title="Edit section: Mozilla Location Service">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
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<p>This open source crowdsourced geolocation service was started by Mozilla in 2013 and offers a free <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Application_programming_interface"title="Application programming interface">API</a>.</p>
<p>Mozilla Webmaker is Mozilla's educational initiative, Webmaker's goal is to "help millions of people move from using the web to making the web." As part of Mozilla’s non-profit mission, Webmaker aims "to help the world increase their understanding of the web, take greater control of their online lives, and create a more web literate planet."<supid="cite_ref-69"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-lifehacker.com_70-0"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-lifehacker.com-70">[70]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-lifehacker.com_70-1"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-lifehacker.com-70">[70]</a></sup></p>
<h3><spanclass="mw-headline"id="Mozilla_Developer_Network">Mozilla Developer Network</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=26"title="Edit section: Mozilla Developer Network">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>Mozilla Webmaker is Mozilla's educational initiative, Webmaker's goal is to "help millions of people move from using the web to making the web." As part of Mozilla’s non-profit mission, Webmaker aims "to help the world increase their understanding of the web, take greater control of their online lives, and create a more web literate planet."<sup><ahref="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-lifehacker.com-70">[70]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-lifehacker.com-70">[70]</a></sup></p>
<h3><span>Mozilla Developer Network</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=26"title="Edit section: Mozilla Developer Network">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
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<p>Mozilla maintains a comprehensive developer documentation website called the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Developer_Network"title="Mozilla Developer Network">Mozilla Developer Network</a> which contains information about web technologies including <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/HTML"title="HTML">HTML</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/CSS"class="mw-redirect"title="CSS">CSS</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/SVG" class="mw-redirect" title="SVG">SVG</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/JavaScript"title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, as well Mozilla-specific information. In addition, Mozilla publishes a large number of videos about web technologies and the development of Mozilla projects on the Air Mozilla website.<supid="cite_ref-71"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup><supid="cite_ref-72"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup></p>
<p>Mozilla maintains a comprehensive developer documentation website called the <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Mozilla_Developer_Network"title="Mozilla Developer Network">Mozilla Developer Network</a> which contains information about web technologies including <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/HTML"title="HTML">HTML</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/SVG" title="SVG">SVG</a>, <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/JavaScript"title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, as well Mozilla-specific information. In addition, Mozilla publishes a large number of videos about web technologies and the development of Mozilla projects on the Air Mozilla website.<sup><ahref="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup><sup><ahref="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup></p>
<p>The Mozilla Community consists of over 40,000 active contributors from across the globe<supclass="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact">[<i><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><spantitle="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. It includes both paid employees and volunteers who work towards the goals set forth<supid="cite_ref-manifesto_40-1"class="reference"><ahref="#cite_note-manifesto-40">[40]</a></sup> in the Mozilla Manifesto. Many of the sub-communities in Mozilla have formed around localization efforts for Mozilla Firefox, and the Mozilla web properties.</p>
<h3><spanclass="mw-headline"id="Local_communities">Local communities</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=28"title="Edit section: Local communities">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>The Mozilla Community consists of over 40,000 active contributors from across the globe<sup>[<i><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><spantitle="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. It includes both paid employees and volunteers who work towards the goals set forth<sup><ahref="#cite_note-manifesto-40">[40]</a></sup> in the Mozilla Manifesto. Many of the sub-communities in Mozilla have formed around localization efforts for Mozilla Firefox, and the Mozilla web properties.</p>
<h3><span>Local communities</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=28"title="Edit section: Local communities">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
<p>There are a number of sub-communities that exist based on their geographical locations, where contributors near each other work together on particular activities, such as localization, marketing, PR and user support.</p>
<h3><spanclass="mw-headline"id="Mozilla_Reps">Mozilla Reps</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=29"title="Edit section: Mozilla Reps">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<h3><span>Mozilla Reps</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=29"title="Edit section: Mozilla Reps">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
<p>The Mozilla Reps program aims to empower and support volunteer Mozillians who want to become official representatives of Mozilla in their region/locale.</p>
@ -151,268 +151,268 @@
<li>Support and mentor future Mozilla Reps</li>
<li>Document clearly all their activities</li>
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<h3><spanclass="mw-headline"id="Conferences_and_events">Conferences and events</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=30"title="Edit section: Conferences and events">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<h3><span>Conferences and events</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=30"title="Edit section: Conferences and events">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
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<h4><spanclass="mw-headline"id="Mozilla_Festival">Mozilla Festival</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=31"title="Edit section: Mozilla Festival">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<h4><span>Mozilla Festival</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=31"title="Edit section: Mozilla Festival">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
<pstyle="display: inline;"class="readability-styled"> Speakers from the </p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Knight_Foundation"class="mw-redirect"title="Knight Foundation">Knight Foundation</a>
<pstyle="display: inline;"class="readability-styled"> Speakers from the </p><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Knight_Foundation" title="Knight Foundation">Knight Foundation</a>
<pstyle="display: inline;"class="readability-styled"> discuss the future of news at the 2011 Mozilla Festival in London.</p>
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<p>The Mozilla Festival is an annual event where hundreds of passionate people explore the Web, learn together and make things that can change the world. With the emphasis on <i>making</i>—the mantra of the Festival is "less yack, more hack." Journalists, coders, filmmakers, designers, educators, gamers, makers, youth and anyone else, from all over the world, are encouraged to attend, with attendees from more than 40 countries, working together at the intersection between freedom, the Web, and that years theme.</p>
<p>The event revolves around design challenges which address key issues based on the chosen theme for that years festival. In previous years the Mozilla Festival has focused on Learning, and Media, with the 2012 festival being based around making. The titles of the festival revolve around the main theme, freedom (as in freedom of speech not free beer), and the Web.</p>
<p>MozCamps are the critical part of the Grow Mozilla initiative which aims to grow the Mozilla Community. These camps aim to bring core contributors from around the world together. They are intensive multi-day summits that include keynote speeches by Mozilla leadership, workshops and breakout sessions (led by paid and unpaid staff), and fun social outings. All of these activities combine to reward contributors for their hard work, engage them with new products and initiatives, and align all attendees on Mozilla's mission.</p>
<h4><spanclass="mw-headline"id="Mozilla_Summit">Mozilla Summit</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=33"title="Edit section: Mozilla Summit">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<h4><span>Mozilla Summit</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=33"title="Edit section: Mozilla Summit">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
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<p>Mozilla Summit are the global event with active contributors and Mozilla employees to develop a shared understanding of Mozilla's mission together. Over 2,000 people representing 90 countries and 114 languages gathered in Santa Clara, Toronto and Brussels in 2013. Mozilla has since its last summit in 2013 replaced summits with all-hands where both employees and volunteers come together to collaborate the event is a scaled down version of Mozilla Summit.</p>
<h2><spanclass="mw-headline"id="See_also">See also</span><spanclass="mw-editsection"><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=34"title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><spanclass="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span>
<h2><span>See also</span><span><span>[</span><ahref="http://fakehost/w/index.php?title=Mozilla&action=edit&section=34"title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span>]</span></span>
<liid="cite_note-1"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text">For exceptions, see "Values" section below</span></li>
<liid="cite_note-2"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mozilla.org/foundation/moco/">"About the Mozilla Corporation"</a>. Mozilla Foundation.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=About+the+Mozilla+Corporation&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mozilla.org%2Ffoundation%2Fmoco%2F&rft.pub=Mozilla+Foundation&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
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<ol>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span><span>For exceptions, see "Values" section below</span></li>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://www.mozilla.org/foundation/moco/">"About the Mozilla Corporation"</a>. Mozilla Foundation.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=About+the+Mozilla+Corporation&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mozilla.org%2Ffoundation%2Fmoco%2F&rft.pub=Mozilla+Foundation&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-3"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oreilly.com/openbook/opensources/book/netrev.html">"Freeing the Source: The Story of Mozilla"</a>. <i>Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution</i><spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2016-05-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Freeing+the+Source%3A+The+Story+of+Mozilla&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oreilly.com%2Fopenbook%2Fopensources%2Fbook%2Fnetrev.html&rft.jtitle=Open+Sources%3A+Voices+from+the+Open+Source+Revolution&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.oreilly.com/openbook/opensources/book/netrev.html">"Freeing the Source: The Story of Mozilla"</a>. <i>Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution</i><span>. Retrieved <span>2016-05-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Freeing+the+Source%3A+The+Story+of+Mozilla&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oreilly.com%2Fopenbook%2Fopensources%2Fbook%2Fnetrev.html&rft.jtitle=Open+Sources%3A+Voices+from+the+Open+Source+Revolution&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span>
<liid="cite_note-google-5"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-google_5-0">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation book">Payment, S. (2007). <arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zyIvOn7sKCsC"><i>Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark: The Founders of Netscape</i></a>. Rosen Publishing Group. <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number"title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781404207196"title="Special:BookSources/9781404207196">9781404207196</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.au=Payment%2C+S.&rft.btitle=Marc+Andreessen+and+Jim+Clark%3A+The+Founders+of+Netscape&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzyIvOn7sKCsC&rft.isbn=9781404207196&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-google_5-0">^</a></b></span><span><cite>Payment, S. (2007). <arel="nofollow" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zyIvOn7sKCsC"><i>Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark: The Founders of Netscape</i></a>. Rosen Publishing Group. <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number"title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781404207196"title="Special:BookSources/9781404207196">9781404207196</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.au=Payment%2C+S.&rft.btitle=Marc+Andreessen+and+Jim+Clark%3A+The+Founders+of+Netscape&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft_id=%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzyIvOn7sKCsC&rft.isbn=9781404207196&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-Mozilla_Launch_Announcement-6"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-Mozilla_Launch_Announcement_6-0">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021004080737/wp.netscape.com/newsref/pr/newsrelease577.html">"Netscape Announces mozilla.org, a Dedicated Team and Web Site Supporting Development of Free Client Source Code"</a>. Netscape. Archived from the original on October 4, 2002<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2012-08-21</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Netscape+Announces+mozilla.org%2C+a+Dedicated+Team+and+Web+Site+Supporting+Development+of+Free+Client+Source+Code&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=%2F%2Fwp.netscape.com%2Fnewsref%2Fpr%2Fnewsrelease577.html&rft.pub=Netscape&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-Mozilla_Launch_Announcement_6-0">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021004080737/wp.netscape.com/newsref/pr/newsrelease577.html">"Netscape Announces mozilla.org, a Dedicated Team and Web Site Supporting Development of Free Client Source Code"</a>. Netscape. Archived from the original on October 4, 2002<span>. Retrieved <span>2012-08-21</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Netscape+Announces+mozilla.org%2C+a+Dedicated+Team+and+Web+Site+Supporting+Development+of+Free+Client+Source+Code&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=%2F%2Fwp.netscape.com%2Fnewsref%2Fpr%2Fnewsrelease577.html&rft.pub=Netscape&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
<liid="cite_note-9"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web">Dave Titus with assistance from Andrew Wong. <arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davetitus.com/mozilla/">"How was Mozilla born"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.au=Dave+Titus+with+assistance+from+Andrew+Wong&rft.btitle=How+was+Mozilla+born&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.davetitus.com%2Fmozilla%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span><span><cite>Dave Titus with assistance from Andrew Wong. <arel="nofollow" href="http://www.davetitus.com/mozilla/">"How was Mozilla born"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.au=Dave+Titus+with+assistance+from+Andrew+Wong&rft.btitle=How+was+Mozilla+born&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.davetitus.com%2Fmozilla%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-10"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-archive.mozilla.org/hacking/coding-introduction.html">"Introduction to Mozilla Source Code"</a>. Mozilla<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2012-08-18</span></span>. <q>However, mozilla.org wants to emphasize that these milestones are being produced for testing purposes only.</q></cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Mozilla+Source+Code&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-archive.mozilla.org%2Fhacking%2Fcoding-introduction.html&rft.pub=Mozilla&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www-archive.mozilla.org/hacking/coding-introduction.html">"Introduction to Mozilla Source Code"</a>. Mozilla<span>. Retrieved <span>2012-08-18</span></span>. <q>However, mozilla.org wants to emphasize that these milestones are being produced for testing purposes only.</q></cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Mozilla+Source+Code&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-archive.mozilla.org%2Fhacking%2Fcoding-introduction.html&rft.pub=Mozilla&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-11"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/press/mozilla-foundation.html">"mozilla.org Announces Launch of the Mozilla Foundation to Lead Open-Source Browser Efforts"</a><spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2012-08-18</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=mozilla.org+Announces+Launch+of+the+Mozilla+Foundation+to+Lead+Open-Source+Browser+Efforts&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fpress%2Fmozilla-foundation.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/press/mozilla-foundation.html">"mozilla.org Announces Launch of the Mozilla Foundation to Lead Open-Source Browser Efforts"</a><span>. Retrieved <span>2012-08-18</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=mozilla.org+Announces+Launch+of+the+Mozilla+Foundation+to+Lead+Open-Source+Browser+Efforts&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fpress%2Fmozilla-foundation.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
<liid="cite_note-13"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allthingsd.com/20120816/better-browsing-on-your-android-smartphone/">"Better Browsing on Your Android Smartphone"</a>. AllThingsD<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2012-08-18</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Better+Browsing+on+Your+Android+Smartphone&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallthingsd.com%2F20120816%2Fbetter-browsing-on-your-android-smartphone%2F&rft.pub=AllThingsD&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://allthingsd.com/20120816/better-browsing-on-your-android-smartphone/">"Better Browsing on Your Android Smartphone"</a>. AllThingsD<span>. Retrieved <span>2012-08-18</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Better+Browsing+on+Your+Android+Smartphone&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallthingsd.com%2F20120816%2Fbetter-browsing-on-your-android-smartphone%2F&rft.pub=AllThingsD&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-14"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2407468,00.asp">"Mozilla Releases Test Version of Firefox OS"</a>. PC Magazine<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2012-08-18</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mozilla+Releases+Test+Version+of+Firefox+OS&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Farticle2%2F0%2C2817%2C2407468%2C00.asp&rft.pub=PC+Magazine&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2407468,00.asp">"Mozilla Releases Test Version of Firefox OS"</a>. PC Magazine<span>. Retrieved <span>2012-08-18</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mozilla+Releases+Test+Version+of+Firefox+OS&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Farticle2%2F0%2C2817%2C2407468%2C00.asp&rft.pub=PC+Magazine&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-15"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.engadget.com/2012/06/12/mozilla-marketplace-live-web-apps-like-desktop/">"Mozilla Marketplace is live, lets you run web apps like desktop programs"</a>. Engadget<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2012-08-18</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mozilla+Marketplace+is+live%2C+lets+you+run+web+apps+like+desktop+programs&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2012%2F06%2F12%2Fmozilla-marketplace-live-web-apps-like-desktop%2F&rft.pub=Engadget&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.engadget.com/2012/06/12/mozilla-marketplace-live-web-apps-like-desktop/">"Mozilla Marketplace is live, lets you run web apps like desktop programs"</a>. Engadget<span>. Retrieved <span>2012-08-18</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mozilla+Marketplace+is+live%2C+lets+you+run+web+apps+like+desktop+programs&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2012%2F06%2F12%2Fmozilla-marketplace-live-web-apps-like-desktop%2F&rft.pub=Engadget&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-16"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web">Lardinois, Frederic (November 15, 2012). <arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techcrunch.com/2012/11/15/mozilla-releases-annual-report-for-2011-revenue-up-33-to-163m-majority-from-google/">"Mozilla Releases Annual Report For 2011: Revenue Up 33% To $163M, Majority From Google"</a>. <i>techcrunch.com</i>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Mozilla+Releases+Annual+Report+For+2011%3A+Revenue+Up+33%25+To+%24163M%2C+Majority+From+Google&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft.aulast=Lardinois&rft.date=2012-11-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2012%2F11%2F15%2Fmozilla-releases-annual-report-for-2011-revenue-up-33-to-163m-majority-from-google%2F&rft.jtitle=techcrunch.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span><span><cite>Lardinois, Frederic (November 15, 2012). <arel="nofollow" href="http://techcrunch.com/2012/11/15/mozilla-releases-annual-report-for-2011-revenue-up-33-to-163m-majority-from-google/">"Mozilla Releases Annual Report For 2011: Revenue Up 33% To $163M, Majority From Google"</a>. <i>techcrunch.com</i>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Mozilla+Releases+Annual+Report+For+2011%3A+Revenue+Up+33%25+To+%24163M%2C+Majority+From+Google&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft.aulast=Lardinois&rft.date=2012-11-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2012%2F11%2F15%2Fmozilla-releases-annual-report-for-2011-revenue-up-33-to-163m-majority-from-google%2F&rft.jtitle=techcrunch.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span>
<liid="cite_note-gigaom-18"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-gigaom_18-0">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gigaom.com/2013/10/30/mozilla-will-add-h-264-to-firefox-as-cisco-makes-eleventh-hour-push-for-webrtcs-future/">"Mozilla will add H.264 to Firefox as Cisco makes eleventh-hour push for WebRTC's future — Tech News and Analysis"</a>. gigaom.com<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-04-05</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mozilla+will+add+H.264+to+Firefox+as+Cisco+makes+eleventh-hour+push+for+WebRTC%99s+future+%26mdash%3B+Tech+News+and+Analysis&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgigaom.com%2F2013%2F10%2F30%2Fmozilla-will-add-h-264-to-firefox-as-cisco-makes-eleventh-hour-push-for-webrtcs-future%2F&rft.pub=gigaom.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-gigaom_18-0">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://gigaom.com/2013/10/30/mozilla-will-add-h-264-to-firefox-as-cisco-makes-eleventh-hour-push-for-webrtcs-future/">"Mozilla will add H.264 to Firefox as Cisco makes eleventh-hour push for WebRTC's future — Tech News and Analysis"</a>. gigaom.com<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-04-05</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mozilla+will+add+H.264+to+Firefox+as+Cisco+makes+eleventh-hour+push+for+WebRTC%99s+future+%26mdash%3B+Tech+News+and+Analysis&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgigaom.com%2F2013%2F10%2F30%2Fmozilla-will-add-h-264-to-firefox-as-cisco-makes-eleventh-hour-push-for-webrtcs-future%2F&rft.pub=gigaom.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-techrepublic-19"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-techrepublic_19-0">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/australian-technology/cisco-to-release-open-source-h264-codec-mozilla-makes-tactical-retreat/">"Cisco to release open-source H.264 codec, Mozilla makes tactical retreat - TechRepublic"</a>. techrepublic.com<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-04-05</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Cisco+to+release+open-source+H.264+codec%2C+Mozilla+makes+tactical+retreat+-+TechRepublic&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techrepublic.com%2Fblog%2Faustralian-technology%2Fcisco-to-release-open-source-h264-codec-mozilla-makes-tactical-retreat%2F&rft.pub=techrepublic.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-techrepublic_19-0">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/australian-technology/cisco-to-release-open-source-h264-codec-mozilla-makes-tactical-retreat/">"Cisco to release open-source H.264 codec, Mozilla makes tactical retreat - TechRepublic"</a>. techrepublic.com<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-04-05</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Cisco+to+release+open-source+H.264+codec%2C+Mozilla+makes+tactical+retreat+-+TechRepublic&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techrepublic.com%2Fblog%2Faustralian-technology%2Fcisco-to-release-open-source-h264-codec-mozilla-makes-tactical-retreat%2F&rft.pub=techrepublic.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-20"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2013/10/30/video-interoperability-on-the-web-gets-a-boost-from-ciscos-h-264-codec/">"Video Interoperability on the Web Gets a Boost From Cisco's H.264 Codec"</a>. <q>Of course, this is not a not a complete solution. In a perfect world, codecs, like other basic Internet technologies such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and HTML, would be fully open and free</q></cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Video+Interoperability+on+the+Web+Gets+a+Boost+From+Cisco%99s+H.264+Codec&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.org%2Fblog%2F2013%2F10%2F30%2Fvideo-interoperability-on-the-web-gets-a-boost-from-ciscos-h-264-codec%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2013/10/30/video-interoperability-on-the-web-gets-a-boost-from-ciscos-h-264-codec/">"Video Interoperability on the Web Gets a Boost From Cisco's H.264 Codec"</a>. <q>Of course, this is not a not a complete solution. In a perfect world, codecs, like other basic Internet technologies such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and HTML, would be fully open and free</q></cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Video+Interoperability+on+the+Web+Gets+a+Boost+From+Cisco%99s+H.264+Codec&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.org%2Fblog%2F2013%2F10%2F30%2Fvideo-interoperability-on-the-web-gets-a-boost-from-ciscos-h-264-codec%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-21"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xiphmont.livejournal.com/61927.html">"Comments on Cisco, Mozilla, and H.264"</a>. <q>By endorsing Cisco's plan, there's no getting around the fact that we've caved on our principles. That said, principles can't replace being in a practical position to make a difference in the future.</q></cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Comments+on+Cisco%2C+Mozilla%2C+and+H.264&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxiphmont.livejournal.com%2F61927.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span> - Christopher Montgomery wrote in a personal capacity but works for Mozilla in their codecs team</span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://xiphmont.livejournal.com/61927.html">"Comments on Cisco, Mozilla, and H.264"</a>. <q>By endorsing Cisco's plan, there's no getting around the fact that we've caved on our principles. That said, principles can't replace being in a practical position to make a difference in the future.</q></cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Comments+on+Cisco%2C+Mozilla%2C+and+H.264&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxiphmont.livejournal.com%2F61927.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span> - Christopher Montgomery wrote in a personal capacity but works for Mozilla in their codecs team</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-22"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Game_Creator_Challenge_-Contest_Terms_and_Conditions">"Game Creator Challenge -Contest Terms and Conditions"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Game+Creator+Challenge+-Contest+Terms+and+Conditions&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.mozilla.org%2FGame_Creator_Challenge_-Contest_Terms_and_Conditions&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span> - submissions to the "amateur" category have to be released as free software, but not for the other two categories</span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Game_Creator_Challenge_-Contest_Terms_and_Conditions">"Game Creator Challenge -Contest Terms and Conditions"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Game+Creator+Challenge+-Contest+Terms+and+Conditions&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.mozilla.org%2FGame_Creator_Challenge_-Contest_Terms_and_Conditions&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span> - submissions to the "amateur" category have to be released as free software, but not for the other two categories</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-23"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projects.latimes.com/prop8/donation/8930/">"Los Angeles Times - Brendan Eich contribution to Proposition 8"</a>. latimes.com<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Los+Angeles+Times+-+Brendan+Eich+contribution+to+Proposition+8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprojects.latimes.com%2Fprop8%2Fdonation%2F8930%2F&rft.pub=latimes.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://projects.latimes.com/prop8/donation/8930/">"Los Angeles Times - Brendan Eich contribution to Proposition 8"</a>. latimes.com<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Los+Angeles+Times+-+Brendan+Eich+contribution+to+Proposition+8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprojects.latimes.com%2Fprop8%2Fdonation%2F8930%2F&rft.pub=latimes.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-arstechnica-24"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-arstechnica_24-0">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arstechnica.com/business/2014/03/gay-firefox-developers-boycott-mozilla-to-protest-ceo-hire/">"Gay Firefox developers boycott Mozilla to protest CEO hire [Updated] | Ars Technica"</a>. arstechnica.com<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-04-05</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Gay+Firefox+developers+boycott+Mozilla+to+protest+CEO+hire+%26%2391%3BUpdated%26%2393%3B+%26%23124%3B+Ars+Technica&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fbusiness%2F2014%2F03%2Fgay-firefox-developers-boycott-mozilla-to-protest-ceo-hire%2F&rft.pub=arstechnica.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-arstechnica_24-0">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://arstechnica.com/business/2014/03/gay-firefox-developers-boycott-mozilla-to-protest-ceo-hire/">"Gay Firefox developers boycott Mozilla to protest CEO hire [Updated] | Ars Technica"</a>. arstechnica.com<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-04-05</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Gay+Firefox+developers+boycott+Mozilla+to+protest+CEO+hire+%26%2391%3BUpdated%26%2393%3B+%26%23124%3B+Ars+Technica&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fbusiness%2F2014%2F03%2Fgay-firefox-developers-boycott-mozilla-to-protest-ceo-hire%2F&rft.pub=arstechnica.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-25"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web">Kelly Faircloth (9 April 2012). <arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://betabeat.com/2012/04/tech-celeb-makes-prop-8-donation-internet-goes-berserk/">"Tech Celeb Makes Prop-8 Donation; Internet Goes Berserk"</a>. <i>BetaBeat</i>. BetaBeat<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-04-28</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Tech+Celeb+Makes+Prop-8+Donation%3B+Internet+Goes+Berserk&rft.au=Kelly+Faircloth&rft.date=2012-04-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbetabeat.com%2F2012%2F04%2Ftech-celeb-makes-prop-8-donation-internet-goes-berserk%2F&rft.jtitle=BetaBeat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span><span><cite>Kelly Faircloth (9 April 2012). <arel="nofollow" href="http://betabeat.com/2012/04/tech-celeb-makes-prop-8-donation-internet-goes-berserk/">"Tech Celeb Makes Prop-8 Donation; Internet Goes Berserk"</a>. <i>BetaBeat</i>. BetaBeat<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-04-28</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Tech+Celeb+Makes+Prop-8+Donation%3B+Internet+Goes+Berserk&rft.au=Kelly+Faircloth&rft.date=2012-04-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbetabeat.com%2F2012%2F04%2Ftech-celeb-makes-prop-8-donation-internet-goes-berserk%2F&rft.jtitle=BetaBeat&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-26"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1710681/thumbs/o-OKC-900.jpg">"Screenshot of OkCupid's statement towards Firefox users"</a>. huffingtonpost.com<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Screenshot+of+OkCupid%27s+statement+towards+Firefox+users&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fi.huffpost.com%2Fgen%2F1710681%2Fthumbs%2Fo-OKC-900.jpg&rft.pub=huffingtonpost.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1710681/thumbs/o-OKC-900.jpg">"Screenshot of OkCupid's statement towards Firefox users"</a>. huffingtonpost.com<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Screenshot+of+OkCupid%27s+statement+towards+Firefox+users&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fi.huffpost.com%2Fgen%2F1710681%2Fthumbs%2Fo-OKC-900.jpg&rft.pub=huffingtonpost.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-27"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/04/05/faq-on-ceo-resignation/">"FAQ on CEO Resignation"</a>. <i>The Mozilla Blog</i><spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2015-04-20</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=FAQ+on+CEO+Resignation&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.org%2Fblog%2F2014%2F04%2F05%2Ffaq-on-ceo-resignation%2F&rft.jtitle=The+Mozilla+Blog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/04/05/faq-on-ceo-resignation/">"FAQ on CEO Resignation"</a>. <i>The Mozilla Blog</i><span>. Retrieved <span>2015-04-20</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=FAQ+on+CEO+Resignation&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.org%2Fblog%2F2014%2F04%2F05%2Ffaq-on-ceo-resignation%2F&rft.jtitle=The+Mozilla+Blog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-28"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web">Baker, Mitchell (3 April 2014). <arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/04/03/brendan-eich-steps-down-as-mozilla-ceo/">"Brendan Eich Steps Down as Mozilla CEO"</a>. <i>mozilla blog</i>. Mozilla<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-04-04</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Brendan+Eich+Steps+Down+as+Mozilla+CEO&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.date=2014-04-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.org%2Fblog%2F2014%2F04%2F03%2Fbrendan-eich-steps-down-as-mozilla-ceo%2F&rft.jtitle=mozilla+blog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span><span><cite>Baker, Mitchell (3 April 2014). <arel="nofollow" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2014/04/03/brendan-eich-steps-down-as-mozilla-ceo/">"Brendan Eich Steps Down as Mozilla CEO"</a>. <i>mozilla blog</i>. Mozilla<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-04-04</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Brendan+Eich+Steps+Down+as+Mozilla+CEO&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.date=2014-04-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.org%2Fblog%2F2014%2F04%2F03%2Fbrendan-eich-steps-down-as-mozilla-ceo%2F&rft.jtitle=mozilla+blog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-29"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/indivs/search.php?name=Sam+Yagan&cycle=All&sort=R&state=&zip=&employ=&cand=&submit=Submit+Query">"opensecrets.org listing of Sam Yagan's contributions to political candidates"</a>. opensecrets.org<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=opensecrets.org+listing+of+Sam+Yagan%27s+contributions+to+political+candidates&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensecrets.org%2Findivs%2Fsearch.php%3Fname%3DSam%2BYagan%26cycle%3DAll%26sort%3DR%26state%3D%26zip%3D%26employ%3D%26cand%3D%26submit%3DSubmit%2BQuery&rft.pub=opensecrets.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/indivs/search.php?name=Sam+Yagan&cycle=All&sort=R&state=&zip=&employ=&cand=&submit=Submit+Query">"opensecrets.org listing of Sam Yagan's contributions to political candidates"</a>. opensecrets.org<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=opensecrets.org+listing+of+Sam+Yagan%27s+contributions+to+political+candidates&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensecrets.org%2Findivs%2Fsearch.php%3Fname%3DSam%2BYagan%26cycle%3DAll%26sort%3DR%26state%3D%26zip%3D%26employ%3D%26cand%3D%26submit%3DSubmit%2BQuery&rft.pub=opensecrets.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-30"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/house/Chris_Cannon.htm#Civil_Rights">"ontheissues.org listing of votes cast by Chris Cannon"</a>. ontheissues.org<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=ontheissues.org+listing+of+votes+cast+by+Chris+Cannon&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2Fhouse%2FChris_Cannon.htm%23Civil_Rights&rft.pub=ontheissues.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/house/Chris_Cannon.htm#Civil_Rights">"ontheissues.org listing of votes cast by Chris Cannon"</a>. ontheissues.org<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=ontheissues.org+listing+of+votes+cast+by+Chris+Cannon&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2Fhouse%2FChris_Cannon.htm%23Civil_Rights&rft.pub=ontheissues.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-31"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/HouseVote/Party_2005-627.htm">"ontheissues.org listing of votes cast on the permanency of the Patriot Act"</a>. ontheissues.org<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=ontheissues.org+listing+of+votes+cast+on+the+permanency+of+the+Patriot+Act&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2FHouseVote%2FParty_2005-627.htm&rft.pub=ontheissues.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/HouseVote/Party_2005-627.htm">"ontheissues.org listing of votes cast on the permanency of the Patriot Act"</a>. ontheissues.org<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=ontheissues.org+listing+of+votes+cast+on+the+permanency+of+the+Patriot+Act&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2FHouseVote%2FParty_2005-627.htm&rft.pub=ontheissues.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-32"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/house/Chris_Cannon_Homeland_Security.htm">"ontheissues.org: Chris Cannon on Homeland Security"</a>. ontheissues.org<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=ontheissues.org%3A+Chris+Cannon+on+Homeland+Security&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2Fhouse%2FChris_Cannon_Homeland_Security.htm&rft.pub=ontheissues.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/house/Chris_Cannon_Homeland_Security.htm">"ontheissues.org: Chris Cannon on Homeland Security"</a>. ontheissues.org<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=ontheissues.org%3A+Chris+Cannon+on+Homeland+Security&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2Fhouse%2FChris_Cannon_Homeland_Security.htm&rft.pub=ontheissues.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-33"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/house/Chris_Cannon_Abortion.htm">"ontheissues.org: Chris Cannon on Abortion"</a>. ontheissues.org<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=ontheissues.org%3A+Chris+Cannon+on+Abortion&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2Fhouse%2FChris_Cannon_Abortion.htm&rft.pub=ontheissues.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/house/Chris_Cannon_Abortion.htm">"ontheissues.org: Chris Cannon on Abortion"</a>. ontheissues.org<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=ontheissues.org%3A+Chris+Cannon+on+Abortion&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2Fhouse%2FChris_Cannon_Abortion.htm&rft.pub=ontheissues.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-34"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web">Levintova, Hannah (7 April 2014). <arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2014/04/okcupid-ceo-donate-anti-gay-firefox">"OkCupid's CEO Donated to an Anti-Gay Campaign Once, Too"</a>. <i>Hanna Levintova article on motherjones.com</i>. motherjones.com<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=OkCupid%27s+CEO+Donated+to+an+Anti-Gay+Campaign+Once%2C+Too&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft.aulast=Levintova&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fmojo%2F2014%2F04%2Fokcupid-ceo-donate-anti-gay-firefox&rft.jtitle=Hanna+Levintova+article+on+motherjones.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span><span><cite>Levintova, Hannah (7 April 2014). <arel="nofollow" href="http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2014/04/okcupid-ceo-donate-anti-gay-firefox">"OkCupid's CEO Donated to an Anti-Gay Campaign Once, Too"</a>. <i>Hanna Levintova article on motherjones.com</i>. motherjones.com<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=OkCupid%27s+CEO+Donated+to+an+Anti-Gay+Campaign+Once%2C+Too&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft.aulast=Levintova&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fmojo%2F2014%2F04%2Fokcupid-ceo-donate-anti-gay-firefox&rft.jtitle=Hanna+Levintova+article+on+motherjones.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span>
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<liid="cite_note-35"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web">Lee, Stephanie M. (8 April 2014). <arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.sfgate.com/techchron/2014/04/08/okcupid-ceo-once-donated-to-anti-gay-politician/">"OKCupid CEO once donated to anti-gay politician"</a>. <i>Stephanie M. Lee's blog on sfgate.com</i>. sfgate.com<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=OKCupid+CEO+once+donated+to+anti-gay+politician&rft.aufirst=Stephanie+M.&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.date=2014-04-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.sfgate.com%2Ftechchron%2F2014%2F04%2F08%2Fokcupid-ceo-once-donated-to-anti-gay-politician%2F&rft.jtitle=Stephanie+M.+Lee%27s+blog+on+sfgate.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
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<liid="cite_note-uncrunched.com-36"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink">^ <ahref="#cite_ref-uncrunched.com_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a><ahref="#cite_ref-uncrunched.com_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uncrunched.com/2014/04/06/the-hypocrisy-of-sam-yagan-okcupid/">"The Hypocrisy Of Sam Yagan & OkCupid"</a>. <i>uncrunched.com blog</i>. uncrunched.com. 6 April 2014<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=The+Hypocrisy+Of+Sam+Yagan+%26+OkCupid&rft.date=2014-04-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funcrunched.com%2F2014%2F04%2F06%2Fthe-hypocrisy-of-sam-yagan-okcupid%2F&rft.jtitle=uncrunched.com+blog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span>^ <ahref="#cite_ref-uncrunched.com_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a><ahref="#cite_ref-uncrunched.com_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://uncrunched.com/2014/04/06/the-hypocrisy-of-sam-yagan-okcupid/">"The Hypocrisy Of Sam Yagan & OkCupid"</a>. <i>uncrunched.com blog</i>. uncrunched.com. 6 April 2014<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=The+Hypocrisy+Of+Sam+Yagan+%26+OkCupid&rft.date=2014-04-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funcrunched.com%2F2014%2F04%2F06%2Fthe-hypocrisy-of-sam-yagan-okcupid%2F&rft.jtitle=uncrunched.com+blog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span>
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<liid="cite_note-37"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web">Bellware, Kim (31 March 2014). <arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/31/okcupid-mozilla_n_5065743.html">"OKCupid Publicly Rips Mozilla: 'We Wish Them Nothing But Failure<span>'</span>"</a>. <i>Kim Bellware article on huffingtonpost.com</i>. huffingtonpost.com<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=OKCupid+Publicly+Rips+Mozilla%3A+%27We+Wish+Them+Nothing+But+Failure%27&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.aulast=Bellware&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F03%2F31%2Fokcupid-mozilla_n_5065743.html&rft.jtitle=Kim+Bellware+article+on+huffingtonpost.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
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<liid="cite_note-38"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/27/mozilla-ceo-prop-8-_n_5042660.html">"Mozilla's Appointment Of Brendan Eich As CEO Sparks Controversy After Prop 8 Donation News Re-Emerges"</a>. <i>huffingtonpost.com article</i>. huffingtonpost.com. 27 March 2014<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Mozilla%27s+Appointment+Of+Brendan+Eich+As+CEO+Sparks+Controversy+After+Prop+8+Donation+News+Re-Emerges&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F03%2F27%2Fmozilla-ceo-prop-8-_n_5042660.html&rft.jtitle=huffingtonpost.com+article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
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</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-39"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web">Eidelson, Josh (4 April 2014). <arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2014/04/04/okcupids_gay_rights_stunt_has_its_limits_taking_a_deeper_look_at_the_savvy_ploy/">"OkCupid's gay rights stunt has its limits: Taking a deeper look at the savvy ploy"</a>. <i>Josh Eidelson article on salon.com</i>. salon.com<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=OkCupid%99s+gay+rights+stunt+has+its+limits%3A+Taking+a+deeper+look+at+the+savvy+ploy&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft.aulast=Eidelson&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2014%2F04%2F04%2Fokcupids_gay_rights_stunt_has_its_limits_taking_a_deeper_look_at_the_savvy_ploy%2F&rft.jtitle=Josh+Eidelson+article+on+salon.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span><span><cite>Eidelson, Josh (4 April 2014). <arel="nofollow" href="http://www.salon.com/2014/04/04/okcupids_gay_rights_stunt_has_its_limits_taking_a_deeper_look_at_the_savvy_ploy/">"OkCupid's gay rights stunt has its limits: Taking a deeper look at the savvy ploy"</a>. <i>Josh Eidelson article on salon.com</i>. salon.com<span>. Retrieved <span>2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=OkCupid%99s+gay+rights+stunt+has+its+limits%3A+Taking+a+deeper+look+at+the+savvy+ploy&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft.aulast=Eidelson&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2014%2F04%2F04%2Fokcupids_gay_rights_stunt_has_its_limits_taking_a_deeper_look_at_the_savvy_ploy%2F&rft.jtitle=Josh+Eidelson+article+on+salon.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span>
<liid="cite_note-46"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Ben_Goodger"title="Ben Goodger">Goodger, Ben</a> (February 6, 2006). <arel="nofollow"class="external text"href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623034401/http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/ben/archives/009698.html">"Where Did Firefox Come From?"</a>. Inside Firefox. Archived from <arel="nofollow"class="external text"href="http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/ben/archives/009698.html">the original</a> on 2011-06-23<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2012-01-07</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.aulast=Goodger&rft.btitle=Where+Did+Firefox+Come+From%3F&rft.date=2006-02-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweblogs.mozillazine.org%2Fben%2Farchives%2F009698.html&rft.pub=Inside+Firefox&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span><span><cite><ahref="http://fakehost/wiki/Ben_Goodger"title="Ben Goodger">Goodger, Ben</a> (February 6, 2006). <arel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623034401/http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/ben/archives/009698.html">"Where Did Firefox Come From?"</a>. Inside Firefox. Archived from <arel="nofollow" href="http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/ben/archives/009698.html">the original</a> on 2011-06-23<span>. Retrieved <span>2012-01-07</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.aulast=Goodger&rft.btitle=Where+Did+Firefox+Come+From%3F&rft.date=2006-02-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweblogs.mozillazine.org%2Fben%2Farchives%2F009698.html&rft.pub=Inside+Firefox&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-47"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow"class="external text"href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070914035447/http://www.ibphoenix.com/main.nfs?a=ibphoenix&page=ibp_Mozilla0">"Mozilla browser becomes Firebird"</a>. IBPhoenix. Archived from <arel="nofollow"class="external text"href="http://www.ibphoenix.com/main.nfs?a=ibphoenix&page=ibp_Mozilla0">the original</a> on 2007-09-14<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2013-06-10</span></span>. <q>We at IBPhoenix think that having a browser and a database with the same name in the same space will confuse the market, especially as browsers and databases are often used in the same applications</q></cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mozilla+browser+becomes+Firebird&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibphoenix.com%2Fmain.nfs%3Fa%3Dibphoenix%26page%3Dibp_Mozilla0&rft.pub=IBPhoenix&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070914035447/http://www.ibphoenix.com/main.nfs?a=ibphoenix&page=ibp_Mozilla0">"Mozilla browser becomes Firebird"</a>. IBPhoenix. Archived from <arel="nofollow" href="http://www.ibphoenix.com/main.nfs?a=ibphoenix&page=ibp_Mozilla0">the original</a> on 2007-09-14<span>. Retrieved <span>2013-06-10</span></span>. <q>We at IBPhoenix think that having a browser and a database with the same name in the same space will confuse the market, especially as browsers and databases are often used in the same applications</q></cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mozilla+browser+becomes+Firebird&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibphoenix.com%2Fmain.nfs%3Fa%3Dibphoenix%26page%3Dibp_Mozilla0&rft.pub=IBPhoenix&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
<liid="cite_note-51"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Mobile/Platforms/Android#System_Requirements">"Mobile System Requirements"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mobile+System+Requirements&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.mozilla.org%2FMobile%2FPlatforms%2FAndroid%23System_Requirements&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Mobile/Platforms/Android#System_Requirements">"Mobile System Requirements"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mobile+System+Requirements&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.mozilla.org%2FMobile%2FPlatforms%2FAndroid%23System_Requirements&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-52"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/will-firefox-work-my-mobile-device">"Firefox Mobile supported devices"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Firefox+Mobile+supported+devices&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fkb%2Fwill-firefox-work-my-mobile-device&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/will-firefox-work-my-mobile-device">"Firefox Mobile supported devices"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Firefox+Mobile+supported+devices&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fkb%2Fwill-firefox-work-my-mobile-device&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-53"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology/2009/11/09/mozilla-rules-out-firefox-for-iphone-and-blackberry-115875-21809563/">"Mozilla rules out Firefox for iPhone and BlackBerry"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mozilla+rules+out+Firefox+for+iPhone+and+BlackBerry&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirror.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftechnology%2F2009%2F11%2F09%2Fmozilla-rules-out-firefox-for-iphone-and-blackberry-115875-21809563%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology/2009/11/09/mozilla-rules-out-firefox-for-iphone-and-blackberry-115875-21809563/">"Mozilla rules out Firefox for iPhone and BlackBerry"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Mozilla+rules+out+Firefox+for+iPhone+and+BlackBerry&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirror.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftechnology%2F2009%2F11%2F09%2Fmozilla-rules-out-firefox-for-iphone-and-blackberry-115875-21809563%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-54"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mozilla.org/firefox/os/">"Boot to Gecko Project"</a>. Mozilla. March 2012<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2012-03-30</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Boot+to+Gecko+Project&rft.date=2012-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mozilla.org%2Ffirefox%2Fos%2F&rft.pub=Mozilla&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="http://www.mozilla.org/firefox/os/">"Boot to Gecko Project"</a>. Mozilla. March 2012<span>. Retrieved <span>2012-03-30</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Boot+to+Gecko+Project&rft.date=2012-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mozilla.org%2Ffirefox%2Fos%2F&rft.pub=Mozilla&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-55"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/os/devices/">"Firefox OS - Devices & Availability"</a>. <i>Mozilla</i><spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2015-12-30</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Firefox+OS+-+Devices+%26+Availability&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Ffirefox%2Fos%2Fdevices%2F&rft.jtitle=Mozilla&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/os/devices/">"Firefox OS - Devices & Availability"</a>. <i>Mozilla</i><span>. Retrieved <span>2015-12-30</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Firefox+OS+-+Devices+%26+Availability&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Ffirefox%2Fos%2Fdevices%2F&rft.jtitle=Mozilla&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-56"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.lizardwrangler.com/2012/07/06/thunderbird-stability-and-community-innovation/">"Thunderbird: Stability and Community Innovation | Mitchell's Blog"</a>. <i>blog.lizardwrangler.com</i><spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2015-04-20</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Thunderbird%3A+Stability+and+Community+Innovation+%7C+Mitchell%27s+Blog&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.lizardwrangler.com%2F2012%2F07%2F06%2Fthunderbird-stability-and-community-innovation%2F&rft.jtitle=blog.lizardwrangler.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://blog.lizardwrangler.com/2012/07/06/thunderbird-stability-and-community-innovation/">"Thunderbird: Stability and Community Innovation | Mitchell's Blog"</a>. <i>blog.lizardwrangler.com</i><span>. Retrieved <span>2015-04-20</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Thunderbird%3A+Stability+and+Community+Innovation+%7C+Mitchell%27s+Blog&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.lizardwrangler.com%2F2012%2F07%2F06%2Fthunderbird-stability-and-community-innovation%2F&rft.jtitle=blog.lizardwrangler.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span>
<liid="cite_note-61"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=759422#c0">"Bug 759422 - Remove use of e4x in account creation"</a>. Bugzilla@Mozilla. 2012-08-17<spanclass="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <spanclass="nowrap">2012-08-18</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Bug+759422+-+Remove+use+of+e4x+in+account+creation&rft.date=2012-08-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugzilla.mozilla.org%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D759422%23c0&rft.pub=Bugzilla%40Mozilla&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=759422#c0">"Bug 759422 - Remove use of e4x in account creation"</a>. Bugzilla@Mozilla. 2012-08-17<span>. Retrieved <span>2012-08-18</span></span>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Bug+759422+-+Remove+use+of+e4x+in+account+creation&rft.date=2012-08-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugzilla.mozilla.org%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D759422%23c0&rft.pub=Bugzilla%40Mozilla&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
<liid="cite_note-69"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webmaker.org/en-US/about/"><i>About Mozilla Webmaker</i></a>, Mozilla</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=About+Mozilla+Webmaker&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebmaker.org%2Fen-US%2Fabout%2F&rft.pub=Mozilla&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://webmaker.org/en-US/about/"><i>About Mozilla Webmaker</i></a>, Mozilla</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=About+Mozilla+Webmaker&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebmaker.org%2Fen-US%2Fabout%2F&rft.pub=Mozilla&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-lifehacker.com-70"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink">^ <ahref="#cite_ref-lifehacker.com_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a><ahref="#cite_ref-lifehacker.com_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web">Alan Henry. <arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lifehacker.com/mozilla-webmaker-teaches-you-how-to-build-web-sites-ap-1553277374">"Mozilla Webmaker Teaches You to Build Web Sites, Apps, and More"</a>. <i>Lifehacker</i>. Gawker Media.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Mozilla+Webmaker+Teaches+You+to+Build+Web+Sites%2C+Apps%2C+and+More&rft.au=Alan+Henry&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flifehacker.com%2Fmozilla-webmaker-teaches-you-how-to-build-web-sites-ap-1553277374&rft.jtitle=Lifehacker&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span>^ <ahref="#cite_ref-lifehacker.com_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a><ahref="#cite_ref-lifehacker.com_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span><span><cite>Alan Henry. <arel="nofollow" href="http://lifehacker.com/mozilla-webmaker-teaches-you-how-to-build-web-sites-ap-1553277374">"Mozilla Webmaker Teaches You to Build Web Sites, Apps, and More"</a>. <i>Lifehacker</i>. Gawker Media.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.atitle=Mozilla+Webmaker+Teaches+You+to+Build+Web+Sites%2C+Apps%2C+and+More&rft.au=Alan+Henry&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flifehacker.com%2Fmozilla-webmaker-teaches-you-how-to-build-web-sites-ap-1553277374&rft.jtitle=Lifehacker&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-71"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Air_Mozilla">"Air Mozilla"</a>. Mozilla Wiki.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Air+Mozilla&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.mozilla.org%2FAir_Mozilla&rft.pub=Mozilla+Wiki&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Air_Mozilla">"Air Mozilla"</a>. Mozilla Wiki.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Air+Mozilla&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.mozilla.org%2FAir_Mozilla&rft.pub=Mozilla+Wiki&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
<liid="cite_note-72"><spanclass="mw-cite-backlink"><b><ahref="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span><spanclass="reference-text"><citeclass="citation web"><arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/mrz/2012/04/17/air-mozilla-reboot-phase-i/">"Air Mozilla Reboot, Phase I"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Air+Mozilla+Reboot%2C+Phase+I&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.org%2Fmrz%2F2012%2F04%2F17%2Fair-mozilla-reboot-phase-i%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span> </span></span>
<li><span><b><ahref="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span><span><cite><arel="nofollow" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/mrz/2012/04/17/air-mozilla-reboot-phase-i/">"Air Mozilla Reboot, Phase I"</a>.</cite><spantitle="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMozilla&rft.btitle=Air+Mozilla+Reboot%2C+Phase+I&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.org%2Fmrz%2F2012%2F04%2F17%2Fair-mozilla-reboot-phase-i%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook"><span> </span></span>
</span>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p><arel="nofollow"class="external text"href="http://www.techsive.com/2014/09/how-to-resume-failed-downloads-in.html">Constant downloads failure in firefox</a></p>
<tdclass="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><ahref="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mozilla" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mozilla">Mozilla</a></b></i>.</td>
<td>Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><ahref="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mozilla" title="commons:Category:Mozilla">Mozilla</a></b></i>.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<li><spanclass="official-website"><spanclass="url"><arel="nofollow"class="external text"href="http://mozilla.org/">Official website</a></span></span>, including <arel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/manifesto/">the Mozilla Manifesto</a></li>
<li><arel="nofollow"class="external text"href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/">Mozilla Wiki</a>(<ahref="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Timeline" class="extiw" title="mozillawiki:Timeline">Major time line of community development</a>)</li>
<li><span><span><arel="nofollow" href="http://mozilla.org/">Official website</a></span></span>, including <arel="nofollow" href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/manifesto/">the Mozilla Manifesto</a></li>
<li><arel="nofollow" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/">Mozilla Wiki</a>(<ahref="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Timeline" title="mozillawiki:Timeline">Major time line of community development</a>)</li>
<p>Stack Overflow published its analysis of <ahref="https://stackoverflow.blog/2017/03/09/developer-hiring-trends-2017/"target="_blank">2017 hiring trends</a> based on the targeting options employers selected when posting to <ahref="http://stackoverflow.com/jobs"target="_blank">Stack Overflow Jobs</a>. The report, which compares data from 200 companies since 2015, ranks ReactJS, Docker, and Ansible at the top of the fastest growing skills in demand. When comparing the percentage change from 2015 to 2016, technologies like AJAX, Backbone.js, jQuery, and WordPress are less in demand.</p>
<p>Stack Overflow also measured the demand relative to the available developers in different tech skills. The demand for backend, mobile, and database engineers is higher than the number of qualified candidates available. WordPress is last among the oversaturated fields with a surplus of developers relative to available positions.</p>
<p>In looking at these results, it’s important to consider the inherent biases within the Stack Overflow ecosystem. In 2016, the site surveyed more than 56,000 developers but noted that the survey was “biased against devs who don’t speak English.” The average age of respondents was 29.6 years old and 92.8% of them were male. </p>
<p>For two years running, Stack Overflow survey respondents have <ahref="https://wptavern.com/stack-overflow-survey-results-show-wordpress-is-trending-up-despite-being-ranked-among-most-dreaded-technologies"target="_blank">ranked WordPress among the most dreaded technologies</a> that they would prefer not to use. This may be one reason why employers wouldn’t be looking to advertise positions on the site’s job board, which is the primary source of the data for this report.</p>
<figcaptionclass="C(#787d82) Fz(13px) Py(5px) Lh(1.5)"title="Sony’s PlayStation VR."data-reactid="414">
<pclass="figure-caption"data-reactid="415">Sony’s PlayStation VR.</p>
<figure data-type="image"data-reactid="409">
<div data-reactid="410"><imgalt="The PlayStation VR" src="http://l1.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/589noY9BZNdmsUUQf6L1AQ--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjtzbT0xO3c9NzQ0O2g9NjY5/http://media.zenfs.com/en/homerun/feed_manager_auto_publish_494/4406ef57dcb40376c513903b03bef048"data-reactid="411"/></div>
<div data-reactid="413">
<figcaption title="Sony’s PlayStation VR."data-reactid="414">
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="419">Virtual reality has officially reached the consoles. And it’s pretty good! <ahref="http://finance.yahoo.com/news/review-playstation-vr-is-comfortable-and-affordable-but-lacks-must-have-games-165053851.html">Sony’s PlayStation VR</a> is extremely comfortable and reasonably priced, and while it’s lacking killer apps, it’s loaded with lots of interesting ones.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="420">But which ones should you buy? I’ve played just about every launch game, and while some are worth your time, others you might want to skip. To help you decide what’s what, I’ve put together this list of the eight PSVR games worth considering.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="424">Beloved cult hit “Rez” gets the VR treatment to help launch the PSVR, and the results are terrific. It includes a fully remastered take on the original “Rez” – you zoom through a Matrix-like computer system, shooting down enemies to the steady beat of thumping electronica – but the VR setting makes it incredibly immersive. It gets better the more you play it, too; unlock the amazing Area X mode and you’ll find yourself flying, shooting and bobbing your head to some of the trippiest visuals yet seen in VR.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="428">What would happen if Tron, the board game Simon, a Clown beetle, Cthulhu and a noise band met in VR? Chaos, for sure, and also “Thumper.” Called a “violent rhythm game” by its creators, “Thumper” is, well, a violent rhythm game that’s also a gorgeous, unsettling and totally captivating assault on the senses. With simple controls and a straightforward premise – click the X button and the analog stick in time with the music as you barrel down a neon highway — it’s one of the rare games that works equally well both in and out of VR. But since you have PSVR, play it there. It’s marvelous.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="432">Cheeky horror game “Until Dawn” was a breakout hit for the PS4 last year, channeling the classic “dumb teens in the woods” horror trope into an effective interactive drama. Well, forget all that if you fire up “Rush of Blood,” because this one sticks you front and center on a rollercoaster ride from Hell. Literally. You ride through a dimly-lit carnival of terror, dual-wielding pistols as you take down targets, hideous pig monsters and, naturally, maniac clowns. Be warned: If the bad guys don’t get you, the jump scares will.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="436">Soccer meets “Portal” in the weird (and weirdly fun) “Headmaster,” a game about heading soccer balls into nets, targets and a variety of other things while stuck in some diabolical training facility. While at first it seems a little basic, increasingly challenging shots and a consistently entertaining narrative keep it from running off the pitch. Funny, ridiculous and as easy as literally moving your head back and forth, it’s a pleasant PSVR surprise.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="440">Giant mechs + sports? That’s the gist of this robotic blast-a-thon, which pits two teams of three against one another in gorgeous, explosive and downright fun VR combat. At its best, “RIGS” marries the thrill of fast-paced competitive shooters with the insanity of piloting a giant mech in VR. It can, however, be one of the barfier PSVR games. So pack your Dramamine, you’re going to have to ease yourself into this one.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="444">“I’m Batman,” you will say. And you’ll actually be right this time, because you are Batman in this detective yarn, and you know this because you actually grab the famous cowl and mask, stick it on your head, and stare into the mirrored reflection of Rocksteady Games’ impressive Dark Knight character model. It lacks the action of its fellow “Arkham” games and runs disappointingly short, but it’s a high-quality experience that really shows off how powerfully immersive VR can be.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="448">There are a number of good VR ports in the PSVR launch lineup, but the HTC Vive launch game “Job Simulator” might be the best. Your task? Lots of tasks, actually, from cooking food to fixing cars to working in an office, all for robots, because did I mention you were in the future? Infinitely charming and surprisingly challenging, it’s a great showpiece for VR.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="452">Already a hit on the Oculus Rift, this space dogfighting game was one of the first to really show off how VR can turn a traditional game experience into something special. It’s pricey and not quite as hi-res as the Rift version, but “Eve Valkyrie” does an admirable job filling the void left since “Battlestar Galactica” ended. Too bad there aren’t any Cylons in it (or are there?)</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="453"><em><strong>More games news:</strong></em></p>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="419">Virtual reality has officially reached the consoles. And it’s pretty good! <ahref="http://finance.yahoo.com/news/review-playstation-vr-is-comfortable-and-affordable-but-lacks-must-have-games-165053851.html">Sony’s PlayStation VR</a> is extremely comfortable and reasonably priced, and while it’s lacking killer apps, it’s loaded with lots of interesting ones.</p>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="420">But which ones should you buy? I’ve played just about every launch game, and while some are worth your time, others you might want to skip. To help you decide what’s what, I’ve put together this list of the eight PSVR games worth considering.</p>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="424">Beloved cult hit “Rez” gets the VR treatment to help launch the PSVR, and the results are terrific. It includes a fully remastered take on the original “Rez” – you zoom through a Matrix-like computer system, shooting down enemies to the steady beat of thumping electronica – but the VR setting makes it incredibly immersive. It gets better the more you play it, too; unlock the amazing Area X mode and you’ll find yourself flying, shooting and bobbing your head to some of the trippiest visuals yet seen in VR.</p>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="428">What would happen if Tron, the board game Simon, a Clown beetle, Cthulhu and a noise band met in VR? Chaos, for sure, and also “Thumper.” Called a “violent rhythm game” by its creators, “Thumper” is, well, a violent rhythm game that’s also a gorgeous, unsettling and totally captivating assault on the senses. With simple controls and a straightforward premise – click the X button and the analog stick in time with the music as you barrel down a neon highway — it’s one of the rare games that works equally well both in and out of VR. But since you have PSVR, play it there. It’s marvelous.</p>
<h3 data-type="text"data-reactid="429"><ahref="https://www.playstation.com/en-us/games/until-dawn-rush-of-blood-ps4/"rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"target="_blank">“Until Dawn: Rush of Blood” ($20)</a></h3>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="432">Cheeky horror game “Until Dawn” was a breakout hit for the PS4 last year, channeling the classic “dumb teens in the woods” horror trope into an effective interactive drama. Well, forget all that if you fire up “Rush of Blood,” because this one sticks you front and center on a rollercoaster ride from Hell. Literally. You ride through a dimly-lit carnival of terror, dual-wielding pistols as you take down targets, hideous pig monsters and, naturally, maniac clowns. Be warned: If the bad guys don’t get you, the jump scares will.</p>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="436">Soccer meets “Portal” in the weird (and weirdly fun) “Headmaster,” a game about heading soccer balls into nets, targets and a variety of other things while stuck in some diabolical training facility. While at first it seems a little basic, increasingly challenging shots and a consistently entertaining narrative keep it from running off the pitch. Funny, ridiculous and as easy as literally moving your head back and forth, it’s a pleasant PSVR surprise.</p>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="440">Giant mechs + sports? That’s the gist of this robotic blast-a-thon, which pits two teams of three against one another in gorgeous, explosive and downright fun VR combat. At its best, “RIGS” marries the thrill of fast-paced competitive shooters with the insanity of piloting a giant mech in VR. It can, however, be one of the barfier PSVR games. So pack your Dramamine, you’re going to have to ease yourself into this one.</p>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="444">“I’m Batman,” you will say. And you’ll actually be right this time, because you are Batman in this detective yarn, and you know this because you actually grab the famous cowl and mask, stick it on your head, and stare into the mirrored reflection of Rocksteady Games’ impressive Dark Knight character model. It lacks the action of its fellow “Arkham” games and runs disappointingly short, but it’s a high-quality experience that really shows off how powerfully immersive VR can be.</p>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="448">There are a number of good VR ports in the PSVR launch lineup, but the HTC Vive launch game “Job Simulator” might be the best. Your task? Lots of tasks, actually, from cooking food to fixing cars to working in an office, all for robots, because did I mention you were in the future? Infinitely charming and surprisingly challenging, it’s a great showpiece for VR.</p>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="452">Already a hit on the Oculus Rift, this space dogfighting game was one of the first to really show off how VR can turn a traditional game experience into something special. It’s pricey and not quite as hi-res as the Rift version, but “Eve Valkyrie” does an admirable job filling the void left since “Battlestar Galactica” ended. Too bad there aren’t any Cylons in it (or are there?)</p>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="453"><em><strong>More games news:</strong></em></p>
<ul data-type="list"data-reactid="454">
<lidata-reactid="455"><ahref="https://www.yahoo.com/tech/skylanders-imaginators-will-let-you-create-and-3d-print-your-own-action-figure-143838550.html">‘Skylanders Imaginators’ will let you create and 3D print your own action figures</a></li>
<lidata-reactid="456"><ahref="https://www.yahoo.com/tech/review-high-flying-nba-2k17-has-a-career-year-184135248.html">Review: High-flying ‘NBA 2K17’ has a career year</a></li>
<lidata-reactid="457"><ahref="https://www.yahoo.com/tech/review-race-at-your-own-speed-in-big-beautiful-forza-horizon-3-195337170.html">Review: Race at your own speed in big, beautiful ‘Forza Horizon 3’</a></li>
<lidata-reactid="458"><ahref="https://www.yahoo.com/tech/sonys-playstation-4-pro-shows-promise-potential-161304037.html">Sony’s PlayStation 4 Pro shows promise, potential and plenty of pretty lighting</a></li>
<lidata-reactid="459"><ahref="https://www.yahoo.com/tech/review-madden-nfl-17-runs-000000394.html">Review: ‘Madden NFL 17’ runs hard, plays it safe</a></li>
</ul>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text"data-reactid="460"><i>Ben Silverman is on Twitter at</i>
<p data-type="text"data-reactid="460"><i>Ben Silverman is on Twitter at</i>
<pclass="slideshow-description">In this photo dated Tuesday, Nov, 29, 2016 the Soyuz-FG rocket booster with the Progress MS-04 cargo ship is installed on a launch pad in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. The unmanned Russian cargo space ship Progress MS-04 broke up in the atmosphere over Siberia on Thursday Dec. 1, 2016, just minutes after the launch en route to the International Space Station due to an unspecified malfunction, the Russian space agency said.(Oleg Urusov/ Roscosmos Space Agency Press Service photo via AP)</p>
<p>In this photo dated Tuesday, Nov, 29, 2016 the Soyuz-FG rocket booster with the Progress MS-04 cargo ship is installed on a launch pad in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. The unmanned Russian cargo space ship Progress MS-04 broke up in the atmosphere over Siberia on Thursday Dec. 1, 2016, just minutes after the launch en route to the International Space Station due to an unspecified malfunction, the Russian space agency said.(Oleg Urusov/ Roscosmos Space Agency Press Service photo via AP)</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text">MOSCOW (AP) — An unmanned Russian cargo spaceship heading to the International Space Station broke up in the atmosphere over Siberia on Thursday due to an unspecified malfunction, the Russian space agency said.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text">The Progress MS-04 cargo craft broke up at an altitude of 190 kilometers (118 miles) over the remote Russian Tuva region in Siberia that borders Mongolia, Roscosmos said in a statement. It said most of spaceship's debris burnt up as it entered the atmosphere but some fell to Earth over what it called an uninhabited area.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text">Local people reported seeing a flash of light and hearing a loud thud west of the regional capital of Kyzyl, more than 3,600 kilometers (2,200 miles) east of Moscow, the Tuva government was quoted as saying late Thursday by the Interfax news agency.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text">The Progress cargo ship had lifted off as scheduled at 8:51 p.m. (1451 GMT) from Russia's space launch complex in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, to deliver 2.5 metric tons of fuel, water, food and other supplies. It was set to dock with the space station on Saturday.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text">Roscosmos said the craft was operating normally before it stopped transmitting data 6 ½ minutes after the launch. The Russian space agency would not immediately describe the malfunction, saying its experts were looking into it.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text">This is the third botched launch of a Russian spacecraft in two years. A Progress cargo ship plunged into the Pacific Ocean in May 2015, and a Proton-M rocket carrying an advanced satellite broke up in the atmosphere in May 2014.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text">But both Roscosmos and NASA said the crash of the ship would have no impact on the operations of the orbiting space lab that is currently home to a six-member crew, including three cosmonauts from Russia, two NASA astronauts and one from the European Union.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text">Orbital ATK, NASA's other shipper, successfully sent up supplies to the space station in October, and a Japanese cargo spaceship is scheduled to launch a full load in mid-December.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text">NASA supplier SpaceX, meanwhile, has been grounded since a rocket explosion in September on the launch pad at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The company hopes to resume launches in December to deliver communication satellites.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text">This version corrects the spelling of the region to Tuva, not Tyva.</p>
<pclass="canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm canvas-atom"data-type="text">Aerospace Writer Marcia Dunn in Cape Canaveral, Florida, and Vladimir Isachenkov in Moscow contributed to this report.</p>
<div>
<p data-type="text">MOSCOW (AP) — An unmanned Russian cargo spaceship heading to the International Space Station broke up in the atmosphere over Siberia on Thursday due to an unspecified malfunction, the Russian space agency said.</p>
<p data-type="text">The Progress MS-04 cargo craft broke up at an altitude of 190 kilometers (118 miles) over the remote Russian Tuva region in Siberia that borders Mongolia, Roscosmos said in a statement. It said most of spaceship's debris burnt up as it entered the atmosphere but some fell to Earth over what it called an uninhabited area.</p>
<p data-type="text">Local people reported seeing a flash of light and hearing a loud thud west of the regional capital of Kyzyl, more than 3,600 kilometers (2,200 miles) east of Moscow, the Tuva government was quoted as saying late Thursday by the Interfax news agency.</p>
<p data-type="text">The Progress cargo ship had lifted off as scheduled at 8:51 p.m. (1451 GMT) from Russia's space launch complex in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, to deliver 2.5 metric tons of fuel, water, food and other supplies. It was set to dock with the space station on Saturday.</p>
<p data-type="text">Roscosmos said the craft was operating normally before it stopped transmitting data 6 ½ minutes after the launch. The Russian space agency would not immediately describe the malfunction, saying its experts were looking into it.</p>
<p data-type="text">This is the third botched launch of a Russian spacecraft in two years. A Progress cargo ship plunged into the Pacific Ocean in May 2015, and a Proton-M rocket carrying an advanced satellite broke up in the atmosphere in May 2014.</p>
<p data-type="text">But both Roscosmos and NASA said the crash of the ship would have no impact on the operations of the orbiting space lab that is currently home to a six-member crew, including three cosmonauts from Russia, two NASA astronauts and one from the European Union.</p>
<p data-type="text">Orbital ATK, NASA's other shipper, successfully sent up supplies to the space station in October, and a Japanese cargo spaceship is scheduled to launch a full load in mid-December.</p>
<p data-type="text">NASA supplier SpaceX, meanwhile, has been grounded since a rocket explosion in September on the launch pad at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The company hopes to resume launches in December to deliver communication satellites.</p>
<p data-type="text">___</p>
<p data-type="text">This version corrects the spelling of the region to Tuva, not Tyva.</p>
<p data-type="text">__</p>
<p data-type="text">Aerospace Writer Marcia Dunn in Cape Canaveral, Florida, and Vladimir Isachenkov in Moscow contributed to this report.</p>
<metaitemprop="description"content="A photographer and Navy veteran is fighting back after a photo she posted to Facebook started an online backlash. Vanessa Hicks said she had no idea her photo would be considered controversial. The photo, from a military family’s newborn photo shoot, showed a newborn infant wrapped in an American flag held by his father, who was in his military uniform. Hicks, a Navy veteran herself and the wife of an active-duty Navy member, said her intention was to honor the flag as well as her clients, who wanted to incorporate their military service in the photo shoot."/>
<p>A photographer and Navy veteran is fighting back after a photo she posted to <aid="ramplink_Facebook_"href="http://abcnews.go.com/topics/business/companies/facebook-inc.htm"target="_blank"data-rapid_p="13">Facebook</a> started an online backlash.</p>
<p>A photographer and Navy veteran is fighting back after a photo she posted to <a href="http://abcnews.go.com/topics/business/companies/facebook-inc.htm"target="_blank"data-rapid_p="13">Facebook</a> started an online backlash.</p>
<p>Vanessa Hicks said she had no idea her photo would be considered controversial. The photo, from a military family’s newborn photo shoot, showed a newborn infant wrapped in an American flag held by his father, who was in his military uniform.</p>
<p>Hicks, a Navy veteran herself and the wife of an active-duty Navy member, said her intention was to honor the flag as well as her clients, who wanted to incorporate their military service in the photo shoot.</p>
<p><ahref="http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/pizza-patriots-making-special-super-bowl-delivery-troops-28633975"target="_blank"data-rapid_p="14">Pizza Man Making Special Delivery Pizza Delivery to Afghanistan During Super Bowl</a></p>
@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
<p><ahref="http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/video/antarctica-penguin-post-office-job-attracts-record-number-29247380"target="_blank"data-rapid_p="16">Antarctica 'Penguin Post Office' Attracts Record Number of Applicants</a></p>
<p>“This is what he was fighting for, his son wrapped in an American flag,” Hicks told ABC News. However, when she posted the image on her page, she started to get comments accusing her of desecrating the flag.</p>
<p>On one Facebook page an unidentified poster put up her picture writing and wrote they found it was “disrespectful, rude, tacky, disgusting, and against the U.S. Flag Code.”</p>
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Cameron McCormack
7 years ago
committed by
Gijs